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Evaluation of Practice of Prescription of the Corticotherapy in the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital of Point G from 2009 to 2013

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2019年第3期9卷 89-96页

作者： Abdel Kader Traoré Assétou Soukho Kaya Djibril Sy Djenebou Traoré alassane doumbia Ilo Diall Nangou Tolo Hadiza Amadou Kaï lou Karim Dao Boua Daou Camara Ganda Soumaré Mamadou Dembélé Hamar alassane Traoré Department of Internal Medecine University Hospital of Point G Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology University Hospital of Point G Bamako Mali

Introduction: It is estimated that about 0.2% to 0.5% of French populations received a long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy. In Mali, from March, 2007 to February, 2008, in National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 19.2% of hospitalized patients (24/125) received long-term corticosteroid therapy. Until now, the department of internal medicine of the university hospital of Point G hasn’t done any research on the corticosteroid therapy specially. Therefore, we initiated this work to evaluate our practice of prescription of corticosteroid. The target of the study was to evaluate practical activity of prescription of corticosteroid of internal medicine. Methods: Based on all hospitalized patient materials of the department of internal medicine of Point G regional university central hospital during January 2009-December 2013, we initiated this retrospective and descriptive study. This study was based on all hospitalized patients receiving corticosteroid in the time of researching, without distinguishing their sex or age. Results: During the period of study, the department of internal medicine of point G regional central hospital had received 2155 patients;64 were eligible: prevalence of 2.97%. Most patients were female, accounting for 87.5% with a sex-ratio of 0.14. The average age of our patients was 39.11 ± 16.92 years, ranging from 14 to 97 years. Physicians enrolled in the study Specialized Diploma (DES) and Internal represented 79.7% of prescribers. As pretreatment assessment, only 2 patients (3.12%) had carried out all of the standard balance (NFS, electrolytes, calcium, blood glucose and serum protein). The most common glucocorticoide was prednisone. Solid tumors represented 31.25% (20 cases) of the diseases treated, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus with 15.62% (10 cases). In addition, there are two cases of adrenals insufficiency (3.1%). In Point G internal medicine, pre-therapy evaluation and methods about corticosteroids therapy were insu

关键词： Pratiques Corticothérapies Médecine Interne Bamako Mali

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Clinic Evaluation of Heart Failure of Old People in the Department of Internal Medicine of Point G University Hospital from 2008 to 2012

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2019年第3期9卷 83-88页

作者： Assétou Soukho Kaya Abdel Kader Traoré Djibril Sy Djenebou Traoré Ilo Diall Youssouf Fofana Ibahima Amadou Dembélé Boua Daoud Camara Mamadou Saliou Karim Dao Mamadou Cissoko Kaly Kéï ta Barry Boubacar Sangaré Mamadou Mallé alassane A. doumbia Hadiza A. Kaï lou Mamadou Dembélé Hamar alassane Traoré Department of Internal Medicine Point G University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Cardiac Disease Point G University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Internal Medicine of Children and Mothers Le Luxembourg University Hospital Bamako Mali Internal Medicine Service Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Ségou Mali

Justification: Heart failure (HF) is the evolutionary end of all cardiac diseases. Given the aging population, the rate of incidence is increasing among the elderly. Objectives: The study aims to determine the prevalence of heart failure in the elderly;to describe the clinical aspects;describe etiologies;describe the therapeutic aspects;and describe the evolution of heart failure among the elderly. Method: This was a retrospective study over five years on the operating records of patients hospitalized in the internal medicine department of Hospital Point G. Result: The study included records of 22 elderly patients who were with heart failure of a total of 595 patients hospitalized from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2012. The prevalence rate was 3.7%, and the average age was 67 ± 7.79 years. The sex ratio was equal to 1. HTA accounted for the cardiovascular risk factors in 77.3%. 72.7% of patients had the symptom of dyspnea and 95.5% of patients had the symptom of IMO. According to the cardiac ultrasound, dilation of the OG represented 68.2% of cases, followed by impaired LVEF (63.6%). The etiologies of IC were represented by dilated cardiomyopathy (95.5%), followed by 13.6% in cardiothyreosis. Drug treatment was dominated by the use of diuretics, ACE inhibitors and sodium diet respectively 95.5%;81.8% and 45.5% of cases. The clinical outcome was favorable in 73%. We recorded four (4) cases of death, which accounted for 18% of patients.

关键词： Heart Failure Clinic Etiology Therapeutics The Elder

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Evaluation of the Frequency of Prolonged Fevers and Exploration of Their Etiologies in the Internal Medicine Department of the Point “G” University Hospital in Bamako from 2009 to 2013

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2019年第3期9卷 97-103页

作者： Abdel Kader Traoré Assétou Soukho Kaya Djenebou Traoré Djibril Sy Youssouf Fofana Ibahima Amadou Dembélé Mamadou Saliou Boua Daoud Camara Karim Dao Mamadou Cissoko Kaly Ké ï ta Barry Boubacar Sangaré Mamadou Mallé alassane A. doumbia Nagou Tolo Hadiza A. Kaï lou Mamadou Dembélé Hamar alassane Traoré Deparment of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Point “G” Bamako Mali Department of Internal Medicine of Children and Mothers Le Luxembourg University Hospital Bamako Mali Internal Medicine Service Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Ségou Mali

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the frequency of prolonged fevers and to determine their etiologies. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study extending from the period of 2009 to 2013 in the Internal Medicine department of the “G” Point University Hospital in Bamako. Included were all records of hospitalized patients with a central temperature greater than 37°C in the morning and 37°C in the evening, resting for 15 minutes, fasting for more than 2 hours, and absence of antipyretic treatment. We include all the patients of the study period with fever greater than 37.5°C in the morning and 37.8°C in the evening, resting for 15 minutes, fasting for more than 2 hours, and absence of antipyretic treatment, which have more than 21 days and measured on several occasions. The data were collected on a survey sheet. Data entry and analysis was done on SPSS software. Results: We recorded 243 fever cases out of 2155 hospitalizations, a prevalence rate of 11.2%. There were 128 men and 115 women with an average age of 43 years (range, 15 to 84 years), a modal class of 37 to 47 years, and a sex ratio of 1.11. The infectious etiologies accounted for 81% followed by neoplastic causes 09.6% and inflammatory 01.2% of cases. HIV infection was found in 26.4% of patients, malaria 13.5% and urinary tract infections 10.2%). Gram negative bacilli 88% consisted mainly of Escherichia coli (56%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%).

关键词： Fever Acute Prolonged Fevers Frequency Etiologies Internal Medicine Mali

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Podiatric Risk Assessment in Diabetic Patients at University Hospital Center of Point G

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2019年第8期9卷 85-94页

作者： Sy Djibril Traoré Abdel Kader Soukho Assétou Kaya Traoré Djenebou Thomas Ingrid Gladys Keita Zakaria Dembelé Ibrahima Amadou Cissoko Mamadou Sangaré Barry Boubacar Togo Mamadou Keita Kaly Keita Adramé Tolo Nagou Camara Boua Daoud Dao Karim doumbia alassane Alfousseni Saliou Mahamadou Fofana Youssouf Mallé Mamadou Traoré Abdramane Sangaré Drissa Cissé Sékou Mamadou Berthé Brehima Boly Sanogo Abasse Sy Seydou Dembélé Mamadou Traoré Hamar alassane Department of Internal Medicine of University Hospital Center of Point G Bamako Mali Association “Rabies in West Africa—Mali” Bamako Mali Internal Medicine Service Kati Hospital Koulikoro Mali Department of Internal Medicine Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Segou Mali Department of Medicine Regional Hospital Gao Mali Department of Medicine Regional Hospital Sikasso Mali Department of Medicine University Hospital Center Gabriel Toure Bamako Mali Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Center Mother-Child Luxemburg Bamako Mali Department of Medicine Fousseyni Daou Hospital Kayes Mali Department of Nephrology University Hospital Center of Point G Bamako Mali

Introduction: Diabetes, a chronic pathology, is the source of many acute and chronic complications whose treatment requires many daily constraints that can have a serious impact on the quality of life of the patient and his family. The diabetic foot is a real public health problem which is still dominated by a very high lower limb amputation rate even in countries with high socioeconomic status. The diabetic foot classically results from the association of three entangled mechanisms which are neuropathy, arteriopathy and infection. Objectives: To determine the frequency of arterial disease, neuropathy, and other aggravating factors that influence the podiatry risk, and to proceed with the gradation of the podiatry risk. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study concerning the period from July 1 to October 31, 2017, covering all diabetic patients received in consultation and hospitalization in the Internal Medicine Department of the G-University Hospital Center. Results: Our study included 50 patients (35 women for 15 men) out of 95 diabetic patients receiving a frequency of 52.6%, with a sex ratio of 0.42. The average age of our patients was 54.38 ± 13.98 years. Overweight/obesity found in 44% of patients. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) of our patients was 27.16 kg/m2. Patients with diabetes less than 5 years old represented 56% with an average duration of 5.39 ± 5.34 years. The mode of discovery of diabetes was polyuria-polydipsia syndrome in 56% of cases. Type 2 diabetes represented 74% of patients. Among the patients who had performed the HbA1C test, 80.77% were not well balanced. The antecedent of macrosomia in women accounted for 77.1%. Patients who did not know foot hygiene recommendations accounted for 82%. Among the identified podiatry risk factors, diabetic neuropathy accounted for 73.8%, and arterial disease was 32.3%. Grade 1 patients in our study accounted for 52% (gradation of foot risk). Conclusion: The diabetic foot is a major public health pro

关键词： Monitoring Diabetes Foot Risk Mali

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Community knowledge,attitudes and practices related to schistosomiasis and associated healthcare-seeking behaviours in northern Côte d’Ivoire and southern Mauritania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 691-703页

作者： Amoin Jeanne d’Arc Koffi Mohamed doumbia Gilbert Fokou Moussa Keita Brama Kone N’doumy Noel Abe Department of Research and Development Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d’IvoireAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Environment and Communication Training Unit University Alassane OuattaraBouakeCote d’Ivoire Ethno-Sociology Institute University Felix Houphouet-BoignyAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Faculty of Letters and Social Sciences University of NouakchottNouakchottMauritania University Peleforo-Gbon-Coulibaly KorhogoCote d’Ivoire

Background:Among parasitic infections,schistosomiasis ranks second after malaria in terms of worldwide *** efforts to contain transmission,more than 230 million people are infected,of which 85%live in Sub-Saharan *** the epidemiologic characteristics of schistosomiasis have been extensively studied across endemic settings,social factors have been paid less *** current study assesses community knowledge of schistosomiasis causes,transmission,signs,symptoms and prevention,as well as healthcare-seeking behaviours in two West African settings,with the aim of strengthening schistosomiasis control ***:From August 2014 to June 2015,we conducted two cross-sectional surveys in Korhogo,Cote d’Ivoire and Kaedi,*** applied a questionnaire to collect quantitative data at the household level in Korhogo(n=1456)and Kaedi(n=1453).Focus group discussions(Korhogo:n=32,Kaedi:n=32)and participatory photography(photovoice)(Korhogo:n=16,Kaedi:n=16)were conducted within the communities to gather qualitative *** addition,semi-structured interviews were used to discuss with key informants from control programmes,nongovernmental organizations and health districts(Korhogo:n=8,Kaedi:n=7).Results:The study demonstrated that schistosomiasis is not well known by the communities;64.1%claimed to know the causes of the disease,but the reality is *** knowledge is more from cultural than biomedical *** was observed that social construction of the disease is different from the biomedical *** Korhogo,schistosomiasis was often associated with several other diseases,notably stomach ulcer and *** populations believe that schistosomiasis is caused by exposure to goat or dog urine in the *** Kaedi,schistosomiasis is considered as a disease transmitted by environmenal elements such as sunshine and dirty *** both settings,the care-seeking pathways were found to be strongly influenced by local c

关键词： Community knowledge Healthcare-seeking behaviour Schistosomiasis Korhogo Kaedi Côte d’Ivoire Mauritania

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Maternal-Fetal Prognosis of the Prophylactic Cesaarian versus Emergency Cesaarian at the Reference Health Center of Commune V of Bamako District, Mali

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Surgical Science 2020年第10期11卷 329-341页

作者： Cheickna Sylla Soumano Oumar Traoré alassane Traoré Alou Samaké Saleck doumbia Saoudatou Tall Belco Tamboura Sitapha Dembélé Seydou Z. Dao Ibrahima Teguété Youssouf Traoré Niani Mounkoro Mamadou Traoré Amadou Ingré Dolo Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Reference Health Centre of Commune V Bamako Mali Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Koutiala Reference Health Centre Sikasso Mali Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies Bamako Mali Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Reference Health Centre of Commune VI Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital of Kayes Kayes Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Reference Health Centre of Commune II Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Gabriel Touré University Hospital Bamako Mali

Objectives: The goal was to assess the risk factors for emergency cesarean section versus prophylactic caesarean section. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study of the Type Cas/Witnesses at the Reference Health Centre of Commune V of the District of Bamako in Mali. The sample consisted of 100 cases for 200 controls (1 case for 2 controls) with retrospective collection of data for the period from January 1 to July 11, 2011 (6 months and 11 days). Results: During the study period, out of a total of 3559 deliveries, we recorded 2,794 vaginal deliveries, 78.50% and 765 caesarean sections or 21.50%. Of the 765ceras, we performed 353 emergency caesarean sections or 46.15% and 412 prophylactic caesarean sections 53.85%. We have selected 100 prophylactic caesarean section files and 200 emergency caesarean section files. The average age of the patients was 27.41 years-5.84 with extreme ages of 14 to 40 years. 100% of our patients (Cas) had performed at least one antenatal consultation compared to 83.5% of the parturients evacuated (Witnesses). The most frequently cited reasons for evacuation were: acute fetal suffering, non-cephalic presentation and excessive uterine height with 30%, 17.5% and 12% respectively. The bulk of the caesarean section indications were dominated by dystocies with 90% in cases compared to 65% in Witnesses, followed by acute fetal suffering with 30% in Witnesses. We recorded 30% perinatal deaths among Witnesses compared to 1% in Cases. We recorded 16 uterine ruptures in the Witnesses among which 2 hysterectomies and 14 hystererraphia. Conclusion: Prophylactic caesarean section improves maternal and perinatal prognosis more than emergency caesarean section.

关键词： Caesarean Frequency Evacuation Maternal-Fetal Prognosis

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Menstrual Hygiene Management in School Setting in Two Secondary Schools in the Bamako District, Case of the School “La Chaine Grise” and the School Cheick Modibo Diarra

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第2期10卷 284-297页

作者： Fané Seydou Bocoum Amadou Sissoko Abdoulaye Traore alassane Traore Soumana Oumar Kante Ibrahima Sima Mamadou Sanogo Siaka Amara Kouma Aminata Sanogo Abdoulaye Saleck doumbia Salem Yargueit Teguete Ibrahima Traore Youssouf Mounkoro Niani University Teaching Hospital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Hospital Mother-Child the Luxemburg of Bamako Bamako Mali Hospital of Mali Bamako Mali Referral Health Center of commune V Bamako Mali University Teaching Hospital Point G Bamako Mali Hospital of Kati Bamako Mali.

This study on Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) was carried out in two secondary schools in the Bamako district, “Chaine Grise” and “Cheick Modibo Diarra” located respectively on the right bank and the left bank depending on the geographic position of the Niger river. This work took place over a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019. The objective of this study was to study menstrual hygiene management in school?setting for girls aged 16 to 18 in two secondary schools in Bamako. It was a transversal and qualitative description. The study population consists of girls aged 16 to 18 years enrolled in one of the selected secondary schools.?At the end of this study, we arrived at the following results:?*50% of the girls in our study have poor knowledge about menstruation;?*10% of girls miss school at least one day a month during menstruation;?*90% of girls use hygienic cotton to absorb menstrual blood;?*90% of the sources of supply for hygienic products are?mothers.?The unsanitary conditions of the toilets, lack of light and the non-separation of the toilets according to gender guidelines were found in 99% of the cases: *99% of girls say that the poor state of health infrastructures was one of the causes of genital infections linked to poor management of menstrual hygiene;?*lack of water in the toilets (99%). Through these results, we conclude that,?in our context,?menstruation remains a taboo and shameful subject for girls. In addition, some of their menstrual hygiene practices are a real danger to their health.

关键词： Menstrual Hygiene Management Girls from 16 to 18 Years Old Secondary Schools Bamako

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Ultrasound Causes of Female Infertility at the Fertilia Medical Clinic in Bamako

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2023年第3期13卷 107-113页

作者： Mamadou Dembele alassane Kouma Ilias Guindo Zoumana Cheick Berete Souleymane Sanogo Mamadou N'diaye Brahima doumbia Oncoumba Diarra Ousmane Traore Issa Cisse Aboubacar Sidiki N’ Diaye Badiougou Doucoure Youssouf Yalcouye Adama Diaman Keita Siaka Sidibe Radiology Department Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology of Bamako (FMOS) Bamako Mali Radiology Unit Fertilia Medical Clinic Bamako Mali Department of Education and Research in Public Health (DERSP) FMOS Bamako Mali

Aims: Infertility is a major problem in our current societies and the Fertilia medical clinic in Bamako is a center for medical assistance in procreation (MAP) where there is an increasingly growing demand for ultrasound. The objective of our study was to investigate the ultrasound causes likely to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy in a group of infertile and subfertile women. Subjects and Methods: This was a 5-year cross-sectional and prospective study, between January 2017 and January 2022, which involved 250 women wishing to become pregnant (infertile or subfertile), who came for pelvic ultrasound or follicular monitoring and who agreed to participate in our study. The parameters used were ultrasound reports including uterine, ovarian and tubal pathologies. It should be noted that in some cases no ultrasound cause of infertility was found. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS. Results: 250 women were recruited into our. The average age was 32 years with extremes ranging from 17 to 51 years. 179 patients or 71.6% were between 17 and 35 years old. 139 patients or 55.6% had secondary infertility against 44.4% primary infertility. 202 patients or 80.8% had at least one ultrasound lesion and 48 patients or 19.2% had no significant ultrasound abnormality. The most represented ultrasound lesions were of uterine origin with 72.20%, 23.7% ovarian lesions and 04% tubal lesions. Uterine lesions were dominated by myomas, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, uterine malformations and synechiae. As for ovarian lesions we noted cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian endometriosis, non-follicular ovaries and tubal ultrasound lesions showed unilateral or bilateral hydrosalpinx. Conclusion: In our study, ultrasound was an invaluable contribution to the diagnosis of the causes likely to explain subfertility and infertility in our respondents. She highlighted uterine, ovarian and tubal lesions, some of which could be corrected and pregnancies ensued.

关键词： Ultrasound Female Infertility Myomas Polycystic Ovaries Hydrosalpinx

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Endometrial Status and Embryonic Implantation about 150 Cases at the Medically Assisted Procreation Laboratory “Le Diafounou”

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2023年第3期13卷 92-100页

作者： Mamadou Dembélé alassane Kouma Ilias Guindo Souleymane Sanogo Zoumana Cheick Berete Ousmane Traoré Mamadou N’Diaye Brahima doumbia Oncoumba Diarra Issa Cissé Aboubacar Sidiki N’diaye Bandiougou Doucouré Youssouf Yalcouyé Adama Diaman Keita Siaka Sidibe Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology of Bamako (FMOS) Bamako Mali Medical Imaging Department Kati University Hospital Kati Mali Department of Education and Research in Public Health (DERSP) Bamako Mali

Background: The endometrium is the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus. It undergoes multiple changes during the menstrual cycle and prepares to welcome the fertilized egg. Endovaginal ultrasound is a first-line examination in the assessment of female infertility. Objective: We aimed to determine the impact of endometrial status by endovaginal ultrasound on the outcome of embryo transfers. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 150 women collected between January and October 2020 at the “Le Diafounou” medically assisted procreation laboratory. Were included in the study, women presenting for desire of pregnancy and having continued the treatment until the transfer of fresh or frozen embryos. An uterine score was used. This score took into account the thickness of endometrium, it is coffee bean aspect, the presence of the notch, the echogenicity of the endometrium, the pulsatility index, the presence of the flow at the end of diastole and sub-endometrial flow. Ultrasounds were performed using a General Electric logic 500, logic 9 and Voluson E8 device. The data was entered into Excel and then analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: 150 women were selected for the study. 83 women or 55.3% were between 17 and 35 years old and 44.7% were over 35 years old with an upper limit of 50 years old. The number of women who became pregnant was 69% or 46%. The average thickness of the endometrium was 11.40 mm with extremes of 4.65 mm and 18.6 mm. There was a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium and obtaining a pregnancy (p i.e. 88.7%. The pulsatility index was relatively low for those who started a pregnancy, i.e. 90%. The high pulsatility index is one of the reasons for the failure of embryo implantation. The correlation was significant (p = 0.009). 141 women had no notch in the uterine arteries, i.e. 94%. 94 women or 62.7% had a triple line endometrium or typical coffee bean appearance. End-diastolic flow was observed in 12

关键词： Endometrial Status Embryonic Implantation Medically Assisted Procreation

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Varicocele and Spermogram Abnormality: About 264 Cases at the Fertilia Medical Clinic in Bamako

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2023年第3期13卷 84-91页

作者： Mamadou Dembélé alassane Kouma Ilias Guindo Souleymane Sanogo Zoumana Cheick Berete Ousmane Traoré Mamadou N’diaye Brahima doumbia Oncoumba Diarra Issa Cissé Aboubacar Sidiki N’diaye Bandiougou Doucouré Youssouf Yalcouyé Adama Diaman Keita Siaka Sidibe Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology of Bamako (FMOS) Bamako Mali Medical Imaging Department Kati University Hospital Kati Mali Department of Education and Research in Public Health (DERSP) Bamako Mali

Aims: To determine the impact of varicocele on the result of the spermogram in a group of hypo-fertile or infertile men. Patients and Method: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study concerning 264 men collected between February 2020 and March 2022 at the Fertilia medical clinic in Bamako. The study population consisted of consenting male subjects presenting for infertility. All of our patients had already done a spermogram, they then benefited from a scrotal Doppler ultrasound. The scrotal echo-doppler was completed by an abdominal and pelvic echography in search of a possible etiology, in particular a renal cancer, a thrombosis of the renal or spermatic vein, a retroperitoneal mass or a nutcraker syndrome. Testicular volume was measured on ultrasound according to Lambert’s formula (length × width × height × 0.71). A volume = 16 ml was considered normal. Results: 264 patients were recruited in ours. The average age was 33 years with extremes ranging from 25 to 65 years. 149 patients or 56.44% were between 30 and 45 years old. 213 patients or 80.68% had primary infertility. All the patients, i.e. 100%, had a sperm anomaly and dilation of the pampiniform plexus veins. The most common sperm abnormalities were oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, which concerned 214 patients, or 81%, followed by azoospermia (40 patients, or 15%) and oligospermia (10 patients, or 4%). 213 patients or 80.68% had a Hirshen grade II varicocele, 45 patients or 17% had grade I and 06 patients or 2.27% had grade III. Among the 6 patients, 04 had left testicular atrophy and 2 bilateral atrophy. The venous reflux was more accentuated on the left than on the right. Conclusion: Varicocele is significantly found in men with infertility. Sperm alterations concern both the concentration of spermatozoa, their mobility and their vitality. Even if the mechanism of alteration of the sperm parameters is not well elucidated, our study made it possible to make the link between the dilation of the veins of th

关键词： Ultrasound Male Infertility Varicocele Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia

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