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Dysfunctional stem and progenitor cells impair fracture healing with age

World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第6期11卷 281-296页

作者： Diane R Wagner Sonali Karnik Zachary J Gunderson Jeffery J Nielsen alanna fennimore Hunter J Promer Jonathan W Lowery M Terry Loghmani Philip S Low Todd O McKinley Melissa A Kacena Matthias Clauss Jiliang Li Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States Department of Physical Therapy Indiana University- Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202United States Division of Biomedical Science Marian University College of Osteopathic MedicineIndianapolisIN 46222United States Department of Chemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907 United States Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center IndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202United States

Successful fracture healing requires the simultaneous regeneration of both the bone and vasculature;mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are directed to replace the bone tissue, while endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) form the new vasculature that supplies blood to the fracture site. In the elderly, the healing process is slowed, partly due to decreased regenerative function of these stem and progenitor cells. MSCs from older individuals are impaired with regard to cell number, proliferative capacity, ability to migrate, and osteochondrogenic differentiation potential. The proliferation, migration and function of EPCs are also compromised with advanced age. Although the reasons for cellular dysfunction with age are complex and multidimensional, reduced expression of growth factors, accumulation of oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species, and altered signaling of the Sirtuin-1 pathway are contributing factors to aging at the cellular level of both MSCs and EPCs. Because of these geriatric-specific issues, effective treatment for fracture repair may require new therapeutic techniques to restore cellular function. Some suggested directions for potential treatments include cellular therapies, pharmacological agents, treatments targeting age-related molecular mechanisms, and physical therapeutics. Advanced age is the primary risk factor for a fracture, due to the low bone mass and inferior bone quality associated with aging;a better understanding of the dysfunctional behavior of the aging cell will provide a foundation for new treatments to decrease healing time and reduce the development of complications during the extended recovery from fracture healing in the elderly.

关键词： Fracture healing Aging Bone Angiogenesis Mesenchymal stem cells Endothelial progenitor cells

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Effects of variable retention harvesting on canopy transpiration in a red pine plantation forest

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 374-385页

作者： alanna V.Bodo M.Altaf Arain School of Earth Environment and SocietyMcMaster University1280 Main Street WestHamiltonON L8S 4K1Canada McMaster Centre for Climate Change McMaster University1280 Main Street WestHamiltonON L8S 4K1Canada

Background:Variable Retention Harvesting(VRH)is a forest management practice applied to enhance forest growth,improve biodiversity,preserve ecosystem function and provide economic revenue from harvested *** are many different forms and compositions in which VRH is applied in forest *** this study,the impacts of four different VRH treatments on transpiration were evaluated in an 83-year-old red pine(Pinus Pinus resinosa)plantation forest in the Great Lakes region in *** VRH treatments included 55%aggregated crown retention(55A),55%dispersed crown retention(55D),33%aggregated crown retention(33A),33%dispersed crown retention(33D)and unharvested control(CN)*** VRH treatments were implemented in 1-ha plots in the winter of 2014,while sap flow measurements were conducted from 2018 to ***:Study results showed that tree-level transpiration was highest among trees in the 55D treatment,followed by 33D,55A,33A and CN *** found that photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)and vapor pressure deficit(VPD)were major controls or drivers of transpiration in all VRH *** study suggests that dispersed or distributed retention of 55%basal area(55D)is the ideal forest management technique to enhance transpiration and forest ***:This study will help researchers,forest managers and decision-makers to improve their understanding of water cycling in forest ecosystem and adopt the best forest management regimes to enhance forest growth,health and resiliency to climate change.

关键词： Variable Retention Harvesting Forest management Transpiration Sap flow Red pine Great Lakes region

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Putting PLX5622 into perspective:microglia in central nervous system viral infection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1269-1270页

作者： alanna G.Spiteri Nicholas J.C.King Viral Immunopathology Laboratory InfectionImmunity and Inflammation Research ThemeSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Sydney Cytometry The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Charles Perkins Centre The University of SydneyAustralia The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia The University of Sydney Nano Institute the University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

Elucidating the exact contribution of microglia to central nervous system(CNS)pathology has historically been extremely *** resident parenchymal myeloid cells are considered to have critical roles as frontline responders during pathogen invasion and CNS ***,understanding the precise temporal kinetics of microglial function is central to the evolution of novel therapeutics for disease intervention and/or resolution(Spiteri et al.,2022a).The development of PLX5622,a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor(CSF-1R)inhibitor typically formulated into a rodent chow for simple oral administration has facilitated exploration of microglial functions in disease(Spangenberg et al.,2019).

关键词： invasion system precise

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Heart failure symptom burden,dietary intake,and inflammation:An integrative review of the literature

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2023年第2期5卷 81-92页

作者： Erica DAVIS Sandra DUNBAR Melinda HIGGINS Kathryn WOOD Erin FERRANTI alanna MORRIS Brittany BUTTS Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing AtlantaGeorgiaUnited States of America

Heart failure(HF)is characterized by high symptom burden including,but not limited to fatigue,dyspnea,and *** to 21.5%of HF patients experience significant depressive symptoms,much higher than 7.1%in adults without ***,metabolites,and other inflammatory mechanisms have gained notable attention in recent studies for contributions to symptoms in *** for black adults(B/As)with HF are often influenced by lifestyle factors,which may influence their higher mortality rates;few studies address these *** the links between key elements with diet,inflammation,and symptoms may bring clarity for new dietary strategies in HF clinical *** purpose of this integrative review is to examine the existing literature regarding relationships among physiologic pathways in HF along with physical and emotional symptoms in the context of inflammation,dietary intake,tumor necrosis factor‑alpha(TNF‑a),a biomarker of inflammation,and trimethylamine‑N‑Oxide(TMAO).Based on available evidence,inflammation may be a key link between physical symptoms,diet,depression,TMAO,and TNF‑a in persons with HF and warrants further examination to clarify pathological links to solidify evidence for better guidance with dietary *** literature reviewed in this study demonstrates that more work is needed to examine dietary planning,social support,and differences between men and women in the B/A *** of this literature review call attention to the essential,personalized care needs related to symptom monitoring and dietary planning which is expected to decrease symptom burden in the HF population.

关键词： Depression diet/dietary patterns heart failure inflammation symptom burden trimethylamine‑N‑oxide

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Radial variations in xylem sap flux in a temperate red pine plantation forest

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 328-336页

作者： alanna V.Bodo M.Altaf Arain School of Earth Environment and SocietyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada McMaster Centre for Climate Change HamiltonONCanada

Background:Scaling sap flux measurements to whole-tree water use or stand-level transpiration is often done using measurements conducted at a single point in the sapwood of the tree and has the potential to cause significant *** studies have shown that much of this uncertainty is related to(i)measurement of sapwood area and(ii)variations in sap flow at different depths within the tree ***:This study measured sap flux density at three depth intervals in the sapwood of 88-year-old red pine(Pinus resinosa)trees to more accurately estimate water-use at the tree-and stand-level in a plantation forest near Lake Erie in Southern Ontario,*** showed that most of the water transport(65%)occurred in the outermost sapwood,while only 26%and 9%of water was transported in the middle and innermost depths of sapwood,***:These results suggest that failing to consider radial variations in sap flux density within trees can lead to an overestimation of transpiration by as much as 81%,which may cause large uncertainties in water budgets at the ecosystem and catchment *** study will help to improve our understanding of water use dynamics and reduce uncertainties in sap flow measurements in the temperate pine forest ecosystems in the Great Lakes region and help in protecting these forests in the face of climate change.

关键词： Sap flow Transpiration Water use Red pine Temperate forest Great Lakes region

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Two-point Dixon and six-point Dixon magnetic resonance techniques in the detection,quantification and grading of hepatic steatosis

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World Journal of Radiology 2023年第10期15卷 293-303页

作者： Mohamed Elfaal alanna Supersad Craig Ferguson Stephanie Locas Florin Manolea Mitchell P Wilson Medica Sam Wendy Tu Gavin Low Department of Radiology&Diagnostic Imaging University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G2B7AlbertaCanada

BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a very common problem *** To assess the performance of two-and six-point Dixon magnetic resonance(MR)techniques in the detection,quantification and grading of hepatic *** A single-center retrospective study was performed in 62 patients with suspected parenchymal liver *** sequences included two-point Dixon,six-point Dixon,MR spectroscopy(MRS)and MR *** fraction(FF)estimates on the Dixon techniques were compared to the MRS-proton density FF(PDFF).Statistical tests used included Pearson’s correlation and receiver operating *** FF estimates on the Dixon techniques showed excellent correlation(≥0.95)with MRS-PDFF,and excellent accuracy[area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC)≥0.95]in:(1)Detecting steatosis;and(2)Grading severe steatosis,(P0.9)between the Dixon techniques vs MRSPDFF did not change in the presence of liver fibrosis(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Dixon techniques performed satisfactorily for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis but with exceptions.

关键词： Chemical shift encoded Dixon magnetic resonance techniques Hepatic steatosis Liver fat quantification Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Proton density fat fraction Ultrasound

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Stool DNA-based versus colonoscopy-based colorectal cancer screening: Patient perceptions and preferences

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2015年第3期3卷 2-8页

作者： Matthew V.Abola Todd F.fennimore Marcia M.Chen Zhengyi Chen Ashutosh K.Sheth Gregory Cooper Li Li Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine11001 Cedar AvenueSuite 200ClevelandOH 44106USA Division of Gastroenterology University Hospitals Case Medical Center11100 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH 44106USA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine10900 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH 44106USA Swetland Center for Environmental Health Case Western Reserve University11000 Cedar AvenueSuite 402ClevelandOH 44106USA

Objective:Stool DNA(sDNA)tests offer a noninvasive form of colon cancer screening for pa-tients,and although the test is expected to increase uptake of colon cancer screening,it is unknown if patients’perceptions of the sDNA test differ according to race and other patient ***:We conducted a self-administered survey of patients undergoing both a colonoscopy and an sDNA test to evaluate perceptions of sDNA ***:Of the 613 participants who were sent surveys,423 responded(69%response rate).Respondents self-identified as African American(n=127,30%),Caucasian(n=284,67%),and other ethnicity(n=12,3%).In general,participants found the sDNA test more suitable than a colonos-copy(n=309,75%).In univariate analyses,a higher percentage of Caucasians as compared with African Americans found the sDNA test more suitable than a colonoscopy(89%vs.76%,p<0.01),and more Caucasians than African Americans preferred the sDNA test(43%vs.32%,p<0.05).Ad-justment for covariates reduced these racial differences to no significance.A family history of colo-rectal cancer remains a significant factor for patient’s preferences for screening regardless of ***:Our study shows no racial differences in the perception of and preference for sDNA testing for colon *** to increase the uptake of sDNA testing may help reduce racial disparities in colorectal cancer.

关键词： Colon cancer screening race stool DNA test patient perceptions

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Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 59-74页

作者： Leonie Monks Sarah Barrett Brett Beecham Margaret Byrne alanna Chant David Coates J.Anne Cochrane Andrew Crawford Rebecca Dillon Colin Yates Biodiversity and Conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.

关键词： Threatened species Threatening processes Conservation Recovery Restoration Biodiversity hotspot

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Enrichment of retinal ganglion and Müller glia progenitors from retinal organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells-possibilities and current limitations

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第10期12卷 1171-1183页

作者： Kristine Karla Freude Sarkis Saruhanian alanna McCauley Colton Paterson Madeleine Odette Annika Oostenink Poul Hyttel Mark Gillies Henriette Haukedal Miriam Kolko Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSection for Pathobiological SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg 1870Denmark Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark Save Sight Institute South BlockSydney Eye HospitalSydney 2000Australia Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University HospitalRigshospitalet-GlostrupGlostrup 2600Denmark

BACKGROUND Retinal organoids serve as excellent human-specific disease models for conditions affecting otherwise inaccessible retinal tissue from *** permit the isolation of key cell types affected in various eye diseases including retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)and Müller *** To refine human-induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)differentiated into threedimensional(3D)retinal organoids to generate sufficient numbers of RGCs and Müller glia progenitors for downstream *** In this study we described,evaluated,and refined methods with which to generate Müller glia and RGC progenitors,isolated them via magnetic-activated cell sorting,and assessed their lineage stability after prolonged 2D *** progenitor populations were characterized via quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry,and the ultrastructural composition of retinal organoid cells was *** Our study confirms the feasibility of generating marker-characterized Müller glia and RGC progenitors within retinal *** retinal organoids can be dissociated and the Müller glia and RGC progenitor-like cells isolated via magnetic-activated cell sorting and propagated as *** Enrichment of Müller glia and RGC progenitors from retinal organoids is a feasible method with which to study cell type-specific disease phenotypes and to potentially generate specific retinal populations for cell replacement therapies.

关键词： Human induced pluripotent stem cells Retinal organoids Retinal ganglion cells Müller glia Progenitors Cell-type enrichment

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Perceptions of the effectiveness of Advanced Practice Nurses on a neurosurgery unit in a Canadian Tertiary Care Centre:A pre-and-post implementation design

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2018年第2期5卷 138-143页

作者： alanna M.Keenan Erin E.Mutterback Kristi M.Velthuizen Monika E.Pantalone Kira L.Gossack-Keenan The Ottawa Hospital OttawaOntarioCanada University of Ottawa OttawaOntarioCanada McMaster University HamiltonOntarioCanada

Objectives:A framework for the advanced practice nurse(APN)role was developed in our Canadian Tertiary Care Centre,delineating five domains of advanced nursing practice:clinical practice,consultation,research,education and *** goal of this study was to evaluate perceptions of the effectiveness of the implementation of an innovative APN role on an in-patient Neurosurgery ***:A pre-and-post implementation design,incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data,was *** innovative APN role was implemented within the Neurosurgery program focusing on the clinical domain and required the successful candidates to be NP *** APN role was designed to improve patient flow,documentation,communication and patient and staff *** primary outcomes were measured:pre-implementation questionnaire(nurses),post-implementation questionnaire(nurses and residents)and number of pages to the on-call ***:Survey scores by nurses and residents indicated improvement across all aspects *** scores increased from 1.1 to 2.6,reflecting an overall statistically significant *** number of pages to the on-call resident also showed a ***:Perceptions of patient care delivery and professional collaboration improved following implementation of the APN *** indicated that APNs significantly impacted patient care and improved nurses and residents'job satisfaction.

关键词： Advanced practice nursing Delivery of health care Patient care team Pre-post tests Professional practice gaps

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