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On four epibiotic peritrichous ciliates(Protozoa,Ciliophora)found in Lake Weishan Wetland:morphological and molecular data support the establishment of a new genus,Parapiosoma ***.,and two new species

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Marine Life science & Technology 2023年第3期5卷 337-358页

作者： Tong Wu Ting Cheng Xiao Cao Yaohan Jiang Khaled A.s.Al-Rasheid alan Warren Zhe Wang Borong Lu Marine College Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Zoology Department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Life sciences Natural History MuseumLondon SW75BDUK Weishan Fishery Development service Center Jining 277600China

During a study on the diversity of ciliated protists in Lake Weishan Wetland,the largest wetland in northern China,four epibiotic sessilid peritrichs were isolated from aquatic host *** of them,i.e.,Epistylis cambari Kellicott,1885 and Epistylis lwof Fauré-Fremiet,1943,were known species whereas the other two,i.e.,Parapiosoma typicum ***.,*** Orborhabdostyla gracilis ***.,are new to *** new genus Parapiosoma *** characterized by its branched non-contractile stalk,everted peristomial lip,obconical macronucleus and transverse *** species are assigned to the new genus,namely Parapiosoma typicum *** Parapiosoma gasterostei(Fauré-Fremiet,1905)***,*** *** recognized by its goblet-shaped zooids,single-layered peristomial lip,dichotomously branched stalk,and infundibular polykinety 3(P3)containing three equal-length *** gracilis *** characterized by its slender zooid,curved macronucleus,and three equal-length rows in infundibular *** diagnoses and redescriptions of *** and *** are provided including,for the frst time,data on the ciliature of *** analyses based on ssU rDNA,ITs1-5.8s rDNA-ITs2,and LsU rDNA sequence data strongly support the assertion that the family Epistylididae comprises morphospecies with diferent evolutionary lineages and indicate that Parapiosoma *** represent a new taxon at family level.

关键词： Ectoparasite Parapiosoma gen.nov. sessilid peritrichs systematics

Cellular automaton simulation and experimental validation of eutectic transformation during solidification of Al-si alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1245-1253页

作者： Cheng Gu Michael P.Moodispaw alan A.Luo Department of Materials science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Integrated systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

The morphology of eutectic silicon in solidification microstructure is critical to the performance of Al-si-based *** eutectic si phase formation has been a challenge in ICME (integrated computational materials engineering) based design and manufacturing of solidification products of Al-si-based *** this study,our previous three-dimensional (3-D) cellular automaton (CA) model for α-Al dendritic growth was extended to include eutectic (α-Al + si) transformation in multi-dendrite domains,providing a complete solidification simulation of critically important Al-si based *** quantitative results of the si phase in the eutectic microstructure were experimentally validated using scanning electron microscopy and deep etching *** simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental observations and calculations by the scheil model and lever *** 3-D CA model is useful for predicting and optimizing the solidification microstructure including eutectic transformation during solidification processing such as casting,potentially welding,and additive manufacturing.

关键词： solidification eutectic transformation

A Neuro-Muscular Elasto-Dynamic Model of the Human Arm Part 2:Musculotendon Dynamics and Related stress Effects

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第2期6卷 108-119页

作者： Cody B.Moody alan A.Barhorst Lawrence schovanec Texas Tech University Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Tech University Department of Mathematics and Statistics

In this paper we develop an elasto-dynamic model of the human arm that includes effects of neuro-muscular control upon elastic deformation in the *** elasto-dynamic model of the arm is based on hybrid parameter multiple body system variational projection principles presented in the companion *** the technique is suitable for detailed bone and joint modeling,we present simulations for simplified geometry of the bones,discretized as Rayleigh beams with elongation,while allowing for large *** of the upper extremity is simulated by incorporating muscle forces derived from a Hill-type model of musculotendon *** effects of muscle force are modeled in two *** one approach,an effective joint torque is calculated by multiplying the muscle force by a joint moment ann.A second approach models the muscle as acting along a straight line between the origin and insertion sites of the *** arm motion is simulated by utilizing neural feedback and feedforward *** illustrate the combined effects of neural control strategies, models of muscle force inclusion,and elastic assumptions on joint trajectories and stress and strain development in the bone and tendon.

关键词： elasto-dynamics hybrid parameter system musculo skeletal model neuro-muscular model

Climate Change, Water scarcity, and Health Adaptation in southwestern Coastal Bangladesh

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2019年第1期10卷 28-42页

作者： Md.Anwarul Abedin Andrew E.collins Umma Habiba Rajib shaw Department of soil science Bangladesh Agricultural University Department of Geography and Environmental sciences/Disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University Department of Agricultural Extension Ministry of Agriculture Graduate school of Media and Governance Keio UniversityShonan Fujisawa Campus (SFC)

Climate change may affect human health through multiple and interactive pathways that include safe water scarcity. However, impacts of climate change-induced water scarcity on health and well-being are *** 80% of illnesses in developing countries are attributed to unsafe drinking water and waterborne diseases. In southwestern Bangladesh, lack of safe drinking water is a severe crisis due to climate change. The study investigated the impacts of climate change on water resources and human health in a coastal area. A questionnaire survey was carried out in two villages of shymnagar upazila on the southwestern coast to investigate the present status of safe water sources and health care facilities and their impacts on the local community. The results show that the local community believes that climate change is having substantial impacts on freshwater sources and health. More than 70% of the respondents identified diarrhea, dysentery,and skin diseases as the prime waterborne health risks that occur through climate-related safe water scarcity. By synthesizing the ground data, we suggest pathways to health adaptation to climate change effects and safe water scarcitythrough locally available adaptive practices such as the use of pond sand filters, rainwater harvesting, and importing potable water with the active participation of the government,nongovernmental organizations, and communities.

关键词： Climate change Health risks safe water scarcity southwestern Bangladesh Waterborne diseases

Distribution of Protists in the Deep south China sea Revealed by High-Throughput sequencing

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第1期19卷 161-170页

作者： LI Xinran WARREN alan JIAO Nianzhi XU Dapeng state Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental science Institute of Marine Microbes and EcospheresCollege of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Department of Life sciences Natural History MuseumLondonSW75BDUK

Protists(microbial eukaryotes)are indispensable members of the marine microbial food *** recent years,organisms living in the deep sea(>1000 m water depth)have increasingly become the focus of research;however,studies on protistan assemblages are relatively scarce compared with their prokaryotic *** the present study,high-throughput sequencing of the hypervariable V9 region of the 18s rRNA gene was used to explore the community composition of protists in bathypelagic waters of the south China *** on the analysis of the alpha and beta diversities of 14 samples,we discovered:1、members belonging to Rhizaria,Alveolata,and Excavata were the dominant groups in terms of both relative sequence abundance and operational taxonomic unit(OTU)richness in all samples,although their relative contributions differed among different samples;2、cluster analysis showed that the distribution of protistan assemblages was related neither to the sampling location nor to the water depth,and other environmental factors might have caused the differences among the communities;3、phototrophs,including members of the Bacillariophyta,Bolidophyceae,Dictyochophyceae,Prasinophyceae,and Prymnesiophyceae,were detected in all samples,which indicated their contributions to the downward transportation via the biological pump and the potential presence of phagotrophy of these phototrophic cells in the deep ocean.

关键词： bathypelagic water diversity microbial eukaryotes ssU rRNA gene

Incident frailty and cognitive impairment by heart failure status in older patients with atrial fibrillation: the sAGE-AF study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第11期17卷 653-658页

作者： Wei-Jia WANG Darleen Lessard Jane saczynski Robert J Goldberg alan s.Go Tenes Paul Ely Gracia David D McManus Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA Department of Population and Quantitative Health sciences University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA Department of Pharmacy and Health system sciences Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA

Background Atrial fibrillation(AF) and heart failure(HF) frequently co-occur in older individuals. Among patients with AF, HF increases risks for stroke and death, but the associations between HF and incident cognition and physical impairment remain unknown. We aimed to examine the cross-sectional and prospective associations between HF, cognition, and frailty among older patients with AF. Methods The sAGE-AF(systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements in AF) study enrolled 1244 patients with AF(mean age 76 years, 48% women) from five practices in Massachusetts and Georgia. HF at baseline was identified from electronic health records using ICD-9/10 codes. At baseline and 1-year, frailty was assessed by Cardiovascular Health survey score and cognition was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results Patients with prevalent HF(n = 463, 37.2%) were older, less likely to be non-Hispanic white, had less education, and had greater cardiovascular comorbidity burden and higher CHA2 Ds2 VAsC and HAs-BLED scores than patients without HF(all P's sted regression models, HF(present vs. absent) was associated with both prevalent frailty(adjusted odds ratio [a OR]: 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64-3.46) and incident frailty at 1 year(a OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.37-4.51). HF was also independently associated with baseline cognitive impairment(a OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.22-2.11), but not with developing cognitive impairment at 1 year(a OR 1.04, 95%CI: 0.64-1.70). Conclusions Among ambulatory older patients with AF, the co-existence of HF identifies individuals with physical and cognitive impairments who are at higher short-term risk for becoming frail. Preventive strategies to this vulnerable subgroup merit consideration.

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Cognitive impairment Heart failure Frailty

Legacy earthen berms influence vegetation and hydrologic complexity in the Altar Valley,Arizona

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 755-763页

作者： Mary H.Nichols sara E.Duke Chandra Holifield collins Lauren Thompson southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E.Allen Rd.TucsonAZ85719USA southern Plains Area Research Center USDA-ARSSPARCCollege StationTX77845USA University of Arizona College of Science GraduateTucsonAZ85719USA

Across the American southwest water development has played a critical role in managing *** berms have been constructed throughout Us rangelands to manage runoff and reduce *** berms altered runoff patterns to increase soil moisture with positive local vegetative ***,altered runoff patterns can be considered a disturbance that affects broader scale vegetation *** hypothesized that the hydrologic impacts of earthen berms in semiarid rangelands will be reflected in contrasting upslope and downslope vegetation patterns.A supervised classification of grass,shrubs,and bare soil was performed using orthographic imagery taken in June 2016 to quantify the effects of 181 earthen berms in the uplands and floodplain of the Altar Valley in southern Arizona,*** berms blocked runoff,creating downslope runoff"shadows"within which the precipitation is the dominant water *** documented more bare soil downslope of intact berms in comparison with *** and shrub cover affected by berms were related to soil *** and shrub cover were not different above and below intact berms on fine textured soils,but on sites with coarser textured soil,grass cover was lower downslope of *** breaches occurred on coarser textured soils,the up and downslope differences in grass cover *** study points to the role of conservation structures in adding additional complexity to already heterogeneous landscapes by creating patchwork assemblages of vegetation and bare soil proximal to earthen runoff and erosion control berms.

关键词： Legacy conservation structure Earthen bank Earthen berm Land degradation Rangeland

Characteristics and functions of traditional homegardens:a review

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Frontiers in Biology 2009年第2期4卷 151-157页

作者： Huyin HUAI alan HAMILTON College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Plantlife International 14 Rollestone StreetSalisburyWiltshire SP11DXUK

Traditional agroecosystems play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity and in sustainable *** a typical type of traditional agroecosystem,traditional homegardens have been receiving increasing attention from scientists,especially *** are considered as germplasm banks for many crops and other economic *** are also a key site for domestication of wild *** ethnobotanical studies on homegardens focus on their structures,floristic composition,and contributions to their *** homegardens often show complicated structures,diverse floristic compositions,multiple functions,low input(including labor and money),and ecological and socioeconomic *** characteristics and functions of traditional homegardens are closely related to many factors,such as their geographic location and the cultural backgrounds and socioeconomic conditions of their *** researches on homegardens are conducted in the *** are few studies on the dynamics of traditional homegardens,especially those located in temperate,arid and semi-arid *** dynamics of homegardens and the factors affecting these processes will be a fruitful field for future research.

关键词： traditional agroecosystem homegarden ethnobotany conservation of biodiversity

New considerations on the phylogeny of sessilida(Protista:Ciliophora:Peritrichia)based on multiple-gene information,with emphasis on colonial taxa

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Marine Life science & Technology 2022年第4期4卷 569-583页

作者： Zhe Wang Xiaoting Feng Lifang Li Khaled A.s.Al-Rasheid alan Warren Chundi Wang Zemao Gu Marine College Shandong UniversityWeihai264209China College of Fisheries/shuangshui shuanglüInstitute Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention Wuhan430070China Department of Zoology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Life sciences Natural History MuseumLondonSW75BDUK

The subclass Peritrichia,containing two orders sessilida and Mobilida,is a major group of ciliates with worldwide distribution and high species *** studies have investigated the phylogeny of peritrichs;however,the evolutionary relationships and classification of some families and genera within the sessilida remain *** the present study,we isolated and identified 22 peritrich populations representing four families and six genera and obtained 64 rDNA sequences to perform phylogenetic analyses and assess their systematic *** character reconstruction was also carried out to infer evolutionary routes within the *** results indicate:(1)family Vaginicolidae is monophyletic and acquisition of the typical peritrich lorica represents a single evolutionary divergence;(2)core epistylidids evolved from a Zoothamnium-like ancestor and experienced spasmoneme loss during evolution;(3)Campanella clusters with species in the basal clade and shows stable morphological differences with other epistylidids,supporting its assignment to a separate family;(4)the structure of the peristomial lip may be a genus-level character rather than a diagnostic character for discriminating Epistylididae and Operculariidae,thus a redefinition of Operculariidae should be carried out when more species have been investigated;(5)some characters,such as lifestyle(solitary or colonial),spasmoneme and living habit(sessile or free-swimming),evolved repeatedly among sessilids indicating that species with non-contractile stalks or that are free-swimming have multiple evolutionary routes and might derive from any sessilid lineage without a *** close phylogenetic relationships of some morphologically distinct sessilids imply that the diagnoses of some genera and families should be improved.

关键词： Ancestral state reconstruction Ciliates Morphology Peritrichs Phylogenetic analyses