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A mini-review on the microbial continuum:consideration of a link between judicious consumption of a varied diet of macroalgae and human health and nutrition

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 790-805页

作者： CORNISH m. Lynn mOURITSEN Ole G. CRITCHLEY alan T. Acadian Seaplants Limited James S.Craigie Research CenterCornwallis B0S 1A0N.S.Canada University of Copenhagen Department of Food Science and Taste for LifeDesign and Consumer BehaviorNordic Food LabRolighedsvej 26Frederiksberg DK-1958Denmark Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment Cape Breton UniversitySydneyNova Scotia B1P 6L2Canada

As the primordial,prokaryotic inhabitants on Earth,microbial entities were responsible for significant influences on the pathways taken in the development of life as we know *** manifestation of numerous pathologies in humans is considered to be intrinsically associated with microbial dysbiosis in the gut(i.e.a poorly balanced microbiota).Such adverse health conditions include obesity,chronic fatigue syndrome,cancer,cardiovascular issues,neurological disorders,colitis,irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),and rheumatoid *** events at the single cell level took place billions of years ago,eventually leading to eukaryotes,photosynthesis,and ***(seaweeds)were amongst the first organisms to develop these *** and macroalgae interacted in a pattern of co-evolution,a process that applies to most,if not all living *** is recognized that the normal human microbiome consists of over a trillion microorganisms,including about 2000 commensal bacterial species typically stationed in the *** of these live in the colon,where they function in the digestion of foods,releasing bio-available nutrients,bioactive molecules,and various *** mediate communication signals between the gut and the brain,and promote the normal development of immune function,metabolic activities,behaviour,and neurological *** very early humans foraged for food,some would have benefi tted from coastal diets,rich in seaweeds and associated *** diets would have consistently provided all the nutrients essential for survival and growth,and as such,could have conveyed competitive advantages and contributed to enhanced cognitive *** mini-review article highlights studies regarding the health benefits of dietary fibres and the production of short chain fatty acids(SCFA).Insights are off ered regarding the positive effects the inclusion of macroalgae into the standard,Western diet can deliver in terms

关键词： microbiota macroalgae fibre short chain fatty acids(SCFA) nutrition

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Quantitative analysis of ruminal methanogenic microbial populations in beef cattle divergent in phenotypic residual feed intake(RFI)offered contrasting diets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第4期5卷 439-447页

作者： Ciara A Carberry David A Kenny alan K Kelly Sinead m Waters Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreTeagascGrangeDunsanyCo.MeathIreland UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary MedicineCollege of Life SciencesUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

Background：methane（CH_4） emissions in cattle are an undesirable end product of rumen methanogenic fermentative activity as they are associated not only with negative environmental impacts but also with reduced host feed *** aim of this study was to quantify total and specific rumen microbial methanogenic populations in beef cattle divergently selected for residual feed intake（RFI） while offered（i） a low energy high forage（HF） diet followed by（ii） a high energy low forage（LF） *** fluid was collected from 14 high（H）and 14 low（L） RFI animals across both dietary *** real time PCR（qRT-PCR） analysis was conducted to quantify the abundance of total and specific rumen methanogenic *** correlation analysis was used to investigate the association between the relative abundance of methanogens and animal performance,rumen fermentation variables and diet ***：Abundance of methanogens,did not differ between RFI ***,relative abundance of total and specific methanogen species was affected（P〈 0.05） by diet type,with greater abundance observed while animals were offered the LF compared to the HF ***：These findings suggest that differences in abundance of specific rumen methanogen species may not contribute to variation in CH_4 emissions between efficient and inefficient animals,however dietary manipulation can influence the abundance of total and specific methanogen species.

关键词： Bovine qRT-PCR Residual feed intake Rumen methaongens

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Differentiation and functional connectivity of fetal tectal transplants

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第11期18卷 2325-2331页

作者： alan R.Harvey School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaLions Eye Instituteand Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia

Data from studies analyzing the differentiation and functional connectivity of embryo nic neural tissue grafted into the mammalian nervous system has led to the clinical testing of the fetal graft approach in patients with neurodegenerative *** some success has been achieved,ethical concerns have led to a search for alternative therapeutic strategies,mostly exploring the use of neural precursors or neurons derived from pluripotent stem cells to replace damaged host neurons and restore lost *** more recent studies address questions of graft viability,differentiation,and connectivity similar to those posed by researchers in earlier fetal transplant work,thus reviews of the fetal graft literature may inform and help guide ongoing research in the stem cell/organoid *** brief review describes some key observations from research into the transplantation of neural tissue into the rat visual syste m,focusing on grafts of the fetal supe rior colliculus(tectal grafts) into neonatal or adult *** neonate hosts,grafts quickly develop connections with the underlying host mid b rain and attain a morphology typical of mature grafts by about 2 weeks.G rafts consistently contain numerous localized regions which,based on neurofibrillar staining,neuronal morphology(Golgi),neurochemistry,receptor expression,and glial architecture,are homologous to the stratum griseum supe rficiale of normal superior *** localized "patches" are also seen after explant culture and when donor tectal tissue is dissociated and reaggregated prior to *** almost all circumstances,host retinal innervation is restricted to these localized patches,but only those that are located adjacent to the graft surfa *** are formed and there is evidence of functional *** only exception occurs when Schwann cells are added to dissociated tecta prior to *** these co-grafts,the peripheral glia appear to compete with local target fa ctors a

关键词： axon regeneration differentiation embyronic grafts fetal tissue neural precursors retinotectal stem cells superior colliculus synaptogenesis transplantation

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Dewetting in associating lattice gas model confined by hydrophobic walls

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第10期62卷 60-67页

作者： Tassylla OFonseca marcia m.Szortyka Patricia Temes Cristina Gavazzoni alan Bde Oliveira marcia CBarbosa Instituto de Fsica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 91501-970Brasil Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Rua Pedro Joao PereiraMato Alto 88900-000Brasil Instituto Federal Catarinense Sao Bento do Sul 89283-064Brasil Instituto de Quimica Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas 13083-970Brasil Departamento de Fisica Universidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro Preto 35400-000Brasil

The phase behavior of a two dimensional fluid confined within hydrophobic walls is obtained by monte Carlo *** fluid is described by the associating lattice gas model which reproduces the density and diffusion anomalous behavior of *** confined fluid exhibits a liquid-liquid critical temperature which decreases with the decrease of the distance between the confining *** contact with the wall a dewetting is *** thickness of this interfacial layer is independent of the distance between the two *** for very small distances between the two walls no total depletion is observed and consequently no drying transition is present.

关键词： water lattice confined

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minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy: Does splenic vessel preservation have better postoperative outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第4期14卷 346-353页

作者： Fady Elabbasy Rahul Gadde mena m Hanna Danny Sleeman alan Livingstone Danny Yakoub Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine

BACKGROUND： minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy （SPDP） can be performed with either splenic vessel preservation （SVP） or resection [Warshaw procedure （WP）]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes of patients undergoing both methods. DATA SOURCES： Database search of Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was performed （2000-2014）; key bibliographies were reviewed. Qualified studies compar- ing patients undergoing SPDP with either SVP or WP, and as- sessing postoperative complications were included. Calculated pooled risk ratio （RR） with the corresponding 95% confidence interval （CI） by random effects methods were used in the meta-analyses. RESULTS： The search yielded 215 studies, of which only 14 observational studies met our selection criteria. The studies included 943 patients in total; 652 （69%） underwent SVP and 291 （31%） underwent WP. Overall, there was a lower incidence of splenic infarction （RR=0.17; 95% Ch 0.09-0.33; P〈0.001）, gastric varices （RR=0.16; 95% Ch 0.05-0.51; P=0.002）, and intra/postoperative splenectomy （RR=0.20; 95% Ch 0.08-0.49; P〈0.001） in the SVP group. There was no difference in in- cidence of pancreatic fistula （WP vs SVP, 23.6% vs 22.9%;P=0.37）, length of hospital stay, operative time or blood loss. There was moderate cross-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS： SVP is a safe, efficient and feasible technique that may be used to preserve the spleen. WP may be more suit- able for large tumors dose to the splenic hilum or those associ- ated with splenomegaly. Randomized clinical trials are justified to examine the long-term benefits of SVP-SPDP.

关键词： splenic infarction spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy splenic vessel preservation Warshaw procedure gastric varices

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Genetic mapping and survey of powdery mildew resistance in the wild Central Asian ancestor of cultivated grapevines in Central Asia

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1444-1458页

作者： Summaira Riaz Cristina m.menéndez alan Tenscher Daniel Pap m.Andrew Walker Department of Viticulture and Enology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino(ICVV) Universidad de La Rioja-CSICGobierno de La RiojaCarretera de Burgos Km6Finca La GrajeraLogroñoLa Rioja 26007Spain

Cultivated grapevines(Vitis vinifera)lack resistance to powdery mildew(Pm)with few *** to this pathogen within *** has been reported in earlier studies and identified as the Ren1 locus in two Central Asian table grape *** Pm-resistant cultivated varieties and accessions of the wild ancestor *** *** were soon identified raising questions regarding the origin of the *** this study,F1 breeding populations were developed with a Pm susceptible *** *** breeding line and a Pm-resistant *** *** was carried out with five Ren1 locus linked SSR markers.A Pm resistance locus explaining up to 96%of the phenotypic variation was identified in the same genomic position,where the Ren1 locus was previously *** SSR marker alleles linked with the resistance locus were *** report results of Pm resistance in multiple accessions of *** collected as seed lots or cuttings from five countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia.A total of 20 females from 11 seed lots and 19 males from nine seed lots collected from Georgia,Armenia,and Azerbaijan were resistant to *** male and one female plant collected as cuttings from Afghanistan and Iran were also resistant to *** analysis of markers linked with the Ren1 locus in conjunction with disease evaluation data found a high diversity of allelic haplotypes,which are only possible via recombination events occurring over a long time *** analysis of two alleles of the SSR marker that cosegregates with the resistance found SNPs that were present in the wild progenitor and in cultivated *** levels of Pm resistance among the tested accessions were also *** lines of evidence suggest that the powdery mildew fungus may have been present in Asia for a longer time than currently thought,giving the wild progenitor *** *** time to coevolve with and develo

关键词： breeding resistance Central

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Ultra-small Cu nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon arrays for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction in dimethylformamide

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Nano Research 2018年第7期11卷 3678-3690页

作者： Xiaolong Zhang Ying Zhang Fengwang Li Christopher D. Easton alan m. Bond Jie Zhang School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia CSIRO manufacturing BayviewAvenue Clayton 3168 VIC Australia

The development of heterogeneous catalysts with a well-defined micro structure to promote their activity and stability for electrocatalyfic CO2 reduction has been shown to be a promising strategy. In this work, Cu nanoparticles （- 4 nm in diameter） embedded in N-doped carbon （Cu@NC） arrays were fabricated by thermal decomposition of copper tetracyanoquinodimethane （CuTCNQ） under N2. Compared to polycrystalline copper electrodes, the Cu@NC arrays provide a significantly improved number of catalytically active sites. This resulted in a 0.7 V positive shift in onset potential, producing a catalytic current density an order magnitude larger at a potential of -2.7 V vs. Fc/Fc＋（Fc = ferrocene） in dimethylformamide （DmF）. By controlling the water content in the DmF solvent, the CO2 reduction product distribution can be tuned. Under optimal conditions （0.5 vol.% water）, 64% HCOO^-, 20% CO, and 13% H2 were obtained. The Cu@NC arrays exhibited excellent catalytic stability with only a 0.5% decrease in the steady-state catalytic current during 6 h of electrolysis. The three-dimensional （3D） array structure of the Cu@NC was demonstrated to be effective for improving the catalytic activity of copper based catalysts while maintaining long-term catalytic stability.

关键词： copper tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) copper carbon arrays CO2 reduction electrocatalysis

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Prograde and retrograde growth of monazite in migmatites:An example from the Nagercoil Block,southern India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第3期6卷 373-387页

作者： Tim E.Johnson Chris Clark Richard J.m.Taylor m.Santosh alan S.Collins Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)Curtin University School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Adelaide

Data from a migmatised metapelite raft enclosed within charnockite provide quantitative constraints on the pressure-temperature-time （P-T-t） evolution of the Nagercoil Block at the southernmost tip of peninsular India. An inferred peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet, K-feldspar, sillimanite, plagioclase, magnetite, ilmenite, spinel and melt is consistent with peak metamorphic pressures of 6-8 kbar and temperatures in excess of 900 ℃. Subsequent growth of cordierite and biotite record high-temperature retrograde decompression to around 5 kbar and 800 ℃. SHRImP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores suggests that the sedimentary protoliths were in part derived from felsic igneous rocks with Palae- oproterozoic crystallisation ages. New growth of metamorphic zircon on the rims of detrital grains constrains the onset of melt crystallisation, and the minimum age of the metamorphic peak, to around 560 ma. The data suggest two stages of monazite growth. The first generation of REE-enriched monazite grew during partial melting along the prograde path at around 570 ma via the incongruent breakdown of apatite. Relatively REE-depleted rims, which have a pronounced negative europium anomaly, grew during melt crystallisation along the retrograde path at around 535 ma. Our data show the rocks remained at suprasolidus temperatures for at least 35 million years and probably much longer, supporting a long-lived high-grade metamorphic history. The metamorphic conditions, timing and duration of the implied clockwise P-T-t path are similar to that previously established for other regions in peninsular India during the Ediacaran to Cambrian assembly of that part of the Gondwanan supercontinent.

关键词： monazire migmatite Zircon Geochronology Phase equilibria modelling Gondwana

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Phase equilibria and microstructure investigation of mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloy system

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2022年第3期10卷 746-755页

作者： Janet m.meier Jiashi miao Song-mao Liang Jun Zhu Chuan Zhang Josh Caris alan A.Luo Department of materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA CompuTherm LLC MiddletonWI 53562 USA Terves LLC EuclidOH 44117USA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

In order to develop high strength mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloys,key experiments coupled with CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams)calculations were carried out in the current work to provide critical understanding of this important alloy *** mg-10 Gd-xY-yZn(x=4 or 5,y=3 or 5,wt.%) were mapped on mg-Gd-Y-Zn phase diagrams for phase equilibria and microstructure *** microscopy was performed for phase identification and phase fraction determination in as-cast and solution treated *** all three alloys,the major phases were mg-matrix and long period stacking order(LPSO) 14 H *** ST at 400 and 500℃,the phase fraction of LPSO 14 H increased,particularly the fine lamellar morphology in the mg *** as-cast and 400℃ mg10 Gd5 Y3 Zn samples had mg(Gd,Y) *** 500℃,mg(Gd,Y) is not stable and transforms into LPSO 14 *** mg 10 Gd5 Y5 Zn alloy included the WPhase,which showed a reduction in phase fraction with solution *** experimental results were used to validate and improve the thermodynamic database of the mg-Gd-Y-Zn *** calculations using the improved database can well describe the available experimental results and make accurate predictions to guide the development of promising high-strength mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloys.

关键词： Long period stacking order(LPSO) microstructure magnesium alloys CALPHAD Alloy development.

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Hybridisation in kiwi(Apteryx;Apterygidae)requires taxonomic revision for the Great Spotted Kiwi

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Avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 195-207页

作者： Lara D.Shepherd alan J.D.Tennyson Hugh A.Robertson Rogan m.Colbourne Kristina m.Ramstad museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Wellington 6011New Zealand Biodiversity Group Department of Conservation PO Box 10420Welling-ton 6011New Zealand Department of Biology and Geology University of South Carolina Aiken471 University ParkwayAikenSC 29801USA

Background:Kiwi(Apteryx spp.)are flightless ratites from New Zealand whose numbers and distributions have declined following human *** of the kiwi species are known to hybridise but the extent of hybridization is ***:We reviewed hybridisation in kiwi(Apteryx spp.)and present new genetic data examining the extent of hybridisation between Rowi(***)and Little Spotted Kiwi(***)at Okarito,the location of the only remaining natural population of the threatened *** also genetically examined the syntype specimens of *** Potts,1872,collected from near Okarito in the 1870s,which have unusual ***:We found evidence of recurrent hybridisation between Rowi and Little Spotted Kiwi over the last 150 years,including one F1 hybrid found in the last 15 years,despite Little Spotted Kiwi’s likely extinction on the mainland in the ***,we found little evidence of introgression of Little Spotted Kiwi alleles into the extant Rowi *** syntype specimens of *** were also found to be hybrids between Little Spotted Kiwi and ***:Our genetic analyses indicate that,although we detected multiple instances of hybridisation between Rowi and Little Spotted Kiwi,it does not appear to be an ongoing threat to *** the syntype specimens of *** are hybrids and therefore not representative of the prevailing usage of the name for the Great Spotted Kiwi(***),we resurrect the nomen oblitum *** Sclater and Hochstetter,1861 for the large spotted kiwi species.

关键词： Apteryx Apteryx haastii DNA Hybridisation Kiwi Taxonomy

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