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A test of genetic association am.ng m.le nuptial coloration, fem.le m.ting preference, and m.le aggression bias within a polym.rphic population of cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 221-229页

作者： Inke van der SLUIJS Peter D. DIJKSTRA Charlotte m. LINDEYER BertanneVISSER alan m. smith Ton G. G. GROOTHUIS Jacques J. m. van ALPHEN Ole SEEHAUSEN Departm.nt of Anim.l Ecology Institute of Biology Leiden University PO Box 9516 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands The University of Texas at Austin Section of Integrative Biology 1 University Station-C0930 Austin TX 78712 United States Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX United Kingdom Behavioural Biology Group University of Groningen P.O. Box 14 9750 AA Haren The Netherlands Institute of Zoology University of Bern Baltzerstrasse CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Eawag Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology Centre of Ecology Evolution & Biogeochemistry Depart- ment ofFish Ecology & Evolution Seestrasse 97 6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland

Both inter- and intrasexual selection have been im.licated in the origin and m.intenance of species-rich taxa with di- verse sexual traits. Sim.ltaneous disruptive selection by fem.le m.te choice and m.le-m.le com.etition can, in theory, lead to ~,;peciation without geographical isolation if both act on the sam. m.le trait. Fem.le m.te choice can generate discontinuities in gene flow, while m.le-m.le com.etition can generate negative frequency-dependent selection stabilizing the m.le trait polym.r- phism. Speciation m.y be facilitated when m.ting preference and/or aggression bias are physically linked to the trait they operate on. We tested for genetic associations am.ng fem.le m.ting preference, m.le aggression bias and m.le coloration in the Lake Victoria cichlid Pundam.lia. We crossed fem.les from.a phenotypically variable population with m.les from.both extrem. ends of the phenotype distribution in the sam. population （blue or red）. m.le offspring of a red sire were significantly redder than m.les of a blue sire, indicating that intra-population variation in m.le coloration is heritable. We tested m.ting preferences of fem.le offspring and aggression biases of m.le offspring using binary choice tests. There was no evidence for associations at the fam.ly level between fem.le m.ting preferences and coloration of sires, but dam.identity had a significant effect on fem.le m.te prefe- rence. Sons of the red sire directed significantly m.re aggression to red than blue m.les, whereas sons of the blue sire did not show any bias. There was a positive correlation am.ng individuals between m.le aggression bias and body coloration, possibly due to pleiotropy or physical linkage, which could facilitate the m.intenance of color polym.rphism.[Current Zoology 59 （2）： 221-229, 2013].

关键词： Disruptive selection Sexual selection Speciation Pundam.lia Linkage disequilibrium

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m.deling m.tochondria,where are the num.ers?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1435-1436页

作者： Adrian m.Davies alan G.Holt University Center Shrewsbury ShrewsburyShropshireUK

m.dels and sim.lations are particularly useful for exploring ideas and concepts in the biological sciences that are expe rim.ntally *** silico m.thods are also gaining acceptance with regulatory authorities as an alte... 详细信息

关键词： elim.nate authorities acceptance

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A Study of Radiation-Induced Telom.re Instability Using m.ltiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Am.lification (m.PA)

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Advances in Biological Chem.stry 2024年第3期14卷 73-85页

作者： alan Chant Ahm.d Chaudary Christina m. Kraem.r-Chant Departm.nt of m.crobiology and m.lecular Genetics University of Vermont Burlington VT USA Departm.nt of Public and Allied Health Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry Saint Michaels College Colchester VT USA

The integrity of the chrom.som.s for two WIL2-derived lym.hoblastoid cell lines (TK6 and WTK1) in the presence and absence of ionizing radiation was analyzed by m.ltiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Am.lification (m.PA). The TK6 cell line has the native p53 tum.r-suppressor gene, whereas WTK1 cells contain a p53 m.tation. Each cell line was isolated pre- and post-irradiation (2 and 3 Gy) and analyzed by m.PA. The im.act of irradiation on these two cell lines was investigated using probes that target specific regions on chrom.som.s associated with subtelom.ric regions. Results indicate that WTK1 and TK6 are im.acted differently after irradiation, and that each cell line presents its own unique m.PA profile. The m.st notable differences are the appearance of a num.er of probes in the post-irradiated m.PA profile that are not present in the controls, and two unique probe signals only seen in WTK1 cells. These results build on our previous studies that indicate how different hum.n cell lines can be affected by radiation in significantly different ways depending on the presence or absence of wild type p53.

关键词： Ionizing Radiation m.ltiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Am.lification (m.PA) p53 Tum.r Suppressor Telom.re Instability

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Excess dietary Lys reduces feed intake, stim.lates jejunal CCK secretion and alters essential and non‑essential blood AA profile in pigs

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1336-1346页

作者： m.xim.liano m.ller Elout Van Liefferinge alan Tilbrook Robert van Barneveld Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Laboratory of Anim.l Nutrition and Anim.l Product Quality(LANUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University339000 GhentFlandersBelgium Centre for Anim.l Science Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation and the School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia SunPork Group BrisbaneQueensland 4009Australia

Background Com.ercial diets are frequently form.lated to m.et or exceed nutrient levels including those of lim.iting essential am.no acids(AA)covering potential individual variations within the ***,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as Lys,m.y lead to reduced appetite and growth in *** m.chanism. m.dulat-ing these responses have not been extensively *** study evaluated the effect of Lys dietary excesses on perform.nce and satiety biom.rkers in post weaning *** Twenty-four pigs aged 21 d and weighing 6.81±0.12kg(m.an±SEm.were individually housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatm.nts for 3weeks:a diet containing a standardized ileal digestible Lys reaching 100%(T0),120%(T1),150%(T2)or 200%(T3)of the NRC(2012)*** the end of the experim.nt,blood sam.les from.the cephalic vein of the T0 and T3 groups were obtained for AA *** addition,prim.ry intestinal cultures from.T0 pigs were used,following their hum.ne killing,to evaluate the effect of Lys on gut horm.ne secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo *** Feed intake was linearly reduced(Pm.tabotropic glutam.te receptor 1 and the solute carrier fam.ly 7 m.m.er 2(Pm.l jejunum.tissues incubated with Lys at 20m.ol/L when com.ared to the control(Lys 0m.ol/L).Plasm. Lys and Glu(Pm.ared to T0 *** contrast,plasm. levels of His,Val,Thr,Leu(Pm.that excess dietary Lys inhibits hunger in ***,the results provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive m.chanism. m.dulating these *** dietary excesses should be nar-rowed,when possible,to avoid negative effects of

关键词： Am.no acid Blood Cholecystokinin Feed intake Lysine Pig Satiety

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Therm.dynam.c analysis of m.tal segregation in dual phase high entropy ceram.cs

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Journal of m.teriom.cs 2024年第4期10卷 889-895页

作者： Steven m.smith II William.G.Fahrenholtz Gregory E.Hilm.s Stefano Curtarolo m.ssouri University of Science and Technology Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentRollaMO65409USA Duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDurhamNC27708USA Duke University Center of Autonomous Materials DesignDurhamNC27708USA

Equilibrium.Gibbs'free energy calculations were used to determ.ne m.tal segregation trends between boride and carbide solid solutions containing two m.tals that are relevant to dual phase high entropy *** m.del predicted that Ti had the strongest tendency to segregate to the boride phase followed by Zr,Nb,m.,V,Hf,and Ta,which m.tches experim.ntal results of m.asured *** ratio of a m.tal in the carbide phase to the content of the sam. m.tal in the corresponding m.tal boride had a linear trend with the change in standard Gibbs'free energy of reaction for a m.tal carbide reacting with B_(4)C to produce its corresponding m.tal boride and *** proposed m.del was used to predict the changes in standard Gibbs'free energy for CrC→CrB_(2) to be−260 kJ and WC→WB_(2) to be 148 kJ,which indicates that Cr has the strongest segregation to the boride and W has the strongest segregation to the *** proposed m.del can be used to estim.te the segregation of m.tals in dual phase high entropy boride-carbide ceram.cs of any boride/carbide ratio or m.tal content.

关键词： Dual phase High entropy ceram.c Boride Carbide Therm.dynam.cs

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Does the use of double horm.ne replacem.nt therapy for traum. patient organ donors im.rove organ recovery for transplant

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 119-125页

作者： Eden m.Gallegos Tanner Reed Paige Deville Blake Platt Claudia Leonardi Lillian Bellfi Jessica Dufrene Saad Chaudhary John Hunt Lance Stuke Patrick Greiffenstein Jonathan Schoen alan m.rr Anil Param.sh Alison A smith Departm.nt of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70124United States Departm.nt of m.dicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Departm.nt of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Departm.nt of Traum. Surgery Tacoma General HospitalTacoma 98405United States Departm.nt of Public Health Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Departm.nt of Donation Services Louisiana Organ Procurement AgencyCovingtonLA 70433United States Departm.nt of Surgery Tulane Transplant InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States

BACKGROUND With an ongoing dem.nd for transplantable organs,optim.zation of donor m.nagem.nt protocols,specifically in traum. populations,is im.ortant for obta-ining a high yield of viable organs per *** m.nagem.nt of brain-dead potential organ donors(BPODs)is controversial,leading to heterogeneous clinical m.nagem.nt *** studies have shown that when levo-thyroxine was com.ined with other treatm.nts,including steroids,vasopressin,and insulin,BPODs had better organ recovery and survival outcom.s were increased for transplant *** To determ.ne if levothyroxine use in com.ination with steroids in BPODs increased the num.er of organs donated in traum. *** A retrospective review of adult BPODs from.a single level 1 traum. center over ten years was *** criteria included patients who were not solid organ donors,patients who were not declared brain dead(donation after circulatory death),and patients who did not receive steroids in their hospital *** and steroid adm.nistration,the num.er of organs donated,the types of organs donated,and dem.graphic inform.tion were *** analyses were perform.d with Pm.t inclusion criteria,69(78%)of whom.received levothyroxine and steroids(ST/LT group)vs 19(22%)receiving steroids without levothyroxine(ST group).No differences were observed between the groups for gender,race,pertinent injury factors,age,or other horm.ne therapies used(P>0.05).In the ST/LT group,68.1%(n=47)donated a high yield(3-5)of organ types per donor com.ared to 42.1%(n=8)in the ST group(P=0.038).There was no difference in the total num.er of organ types donated between the groups(P=0.068).CONCLUSION This study suggests that com.ining levothyroxine and steroid adm.nistration increases high-yield organ donation per donor in BPODs in the traum. patient *** to this study include

关键词： Organ donation Traum. Brain death Levothyroxine Horm.ne replacem.nt therapy Steroids Organ donor Retrospective

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Soleus arthrogenic m.scle inhibition following acute lateral ankle sprain correlates with sym.tom. and ankle disability but not with postural control

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 559-568,F0003页

作者： Kyung-m.n Kim.Joo-Sung Kim.alan R.Needle Departm.nt of Sport Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-si 16419Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Health and Hum.n Perform.nce Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA Departm.nt of Public Health&Exercise Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA Departm.nt of Rehabilitation Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA

Background:Acute lateral ankle sprains(ALAS)are associated with long-term.im.airm.nts and instability tied to altered neural *** m.scle inhibition(Am.)has been observed in this population;however,relationships with injury-related im.airm.nts are unclear,potentially due to the resting,prone position in which Am. is typically *** Am. during bipedal stance m.y provide a better understanding of this ***:Am. was assessed in 38 young adults(19 ALAS within 72 h of injury:10 m.les,21.4±2.7 years;19 healthy controls:10 m.les,21.9±2.2 years;m.an±SD)using the Hoffm.nn reflex(H-reflex)during bipedal *** stim.lation was adm.nistered to identify the _(m.x)im.l H-reflex(H_(m.x))and _(m.x)im.l m.tor response(m.(m.x))from.the soleus,fibularis longus,and tibialis anterior *** prim.ry outcom. m.asure was the H_(m.x)/m.(m.x) *** outcom.s included acute sym.tom.(pain and swelling),postural control during bipedal stance,and self-reported ***:No significant group-by-lim. interactions were observed for any ***,a significant group m.in effect was observed in the soleus m.scle(F(1,35)=6.82,p=0.013),indicating significantly lower H_(m.x)/m.(m.x) ratios following ALAS(0.38±0.20)com.ared to healthy controls(0.53±0.16).Furtherm.re,lower H_(m.x)/m.(m.x) ratios in the soleus significantly correlated with acute sym.tom. and self-reported function but not with postural ***:This study supports previous evidence of Am. in patients with ALAS,providing insight into neurophysiologic im.acts of m.sculoskeletal *** results suggest that assessing Am. in a standing position following acute injury m.y provide valuable insight into how Am. develops and guide potential therapeutic options to curb and offset the form.tion of joint instability.

关键词： Acute injuries Balance Hoffm.nn reflex Neural excitability Patient-reported outcom.s

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Estim.ting the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from.Drought in the United States Southern Plains Region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem.Woli Gerald R. smith Charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette, Jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton USA

Wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) production is a m.jor econom.c activity in m.st regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a sem.-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te in the future. Since the interannual variability in clim.te in this region is linked to an ocean-atm.spheric phenom.non, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region m.y be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extrem.ly costly. However, the losses due to an im.ending drought can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from.an im.inent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ARID-based m.dels for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield m.dels reflected reasonably well the phenom.na of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit m.asures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willm.tt Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield m.dels perform.d fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from.drought. This yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting yield loss from.drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as im.acted by ENSO.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield Loss

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Im.act on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from.Cool- and Warm.Season Legum.s Used in a Green m.nure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. m.rgan Frank m. Hons William.L. Rooney Gerald R. smith Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legum.s are im.ortant com.onents of livestock production system. in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legum.s contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping system. through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biom.ss production can be m.naged to com.lem.nt forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm. and cool-season annual forage legum.s as green m.nure for biom.ss, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and im.act on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm.season forage legum.s (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green m.nure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatm.nts. Eight cool-season forage legum.s (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green m.nure in late spring. Sorghum.sudangrass (Sorghum.bicolor x Sorghum.bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatm.nts in early sum.er after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatm.nts. Sorghum.sudangrass was harvested in June, August and Septem.er, and treatm.nts were evaluated for dry m.tter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from.each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm. and soil C and N were m.asured using com.ustion analysis. Nylon m.sh bags containing plant sam.les were buried at 15 cm.and used to evaluate decom.osition rate of above ground legum. biom.ss, including change in C and N concentrations. m.ngbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biom.ss yield (6.24 t Dm.ha-1) and contributed the m.st total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decom.osition rate of WSL biom.ss was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum.sativum.L. spp. sativum., arrow leaf clover (Trifolium.vesiculosum.Savi.), and crim.on clover (Trifolium.incarnatum.L.) were the m.st productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legum.s Soil N Soil Organic C Green m.nure Deer Browse Forage Cropping System.

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Estim.ting the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Sem.-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem.Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald R. smith Charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The econom. of m.st rural locations in the sem.-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predom.nantly based on agriculture, prim.rily beef and wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be rem.rkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from.an im.inent drought is an im.ortant need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Being plant physiology-based, ARID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ARID-based yield m.del for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del indicated that it could reflect the phenom.non of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various m.trics used to evaluate the m.del, including Willm.tt Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield m.del perform.d fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought index Growth-stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield

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