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Spray freeze drying of small nucleic acids as inhaled powder for pulmonary delivery

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第2期13卷 163-172页

作者： Wanling liang alan y.l.chan Michael y.T.Chow Fiona F.K.lo yingshan Qiu Philip C.l.Kwok Jenny K.W.lam Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Advanced Drug Delivery Group Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney

The therapeutic potential of small nucleic acids such as small interfering RNA(siRNA) to treat lung diseases has been successfully demonstrated in many in vivo studies. A major barrier to their clinical application is the lack of a safe and efficient inhaled formulation.In this study, spray freeze drying was employed to prepare dry powder of small nucleic acids.Mannitol and herring sperm DNA were used as bulking agent and model of small nucleic acid therapeutics, respectively. Formulations containing different solute concentration and DNA concentration were produced. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) images showed that the porosity of the particles increased as the solute concentration decreased. Powders prepared with solute concentration of 5% w/v were found to maintain a balance between porosity and robustness. Increasing concentration of DNA improved the aerosol performance of the formulation. The dry powder formulation containing 2% w/w DNA had a median diameter of 12.5 μm, and the aerosol performance study using next generation impactor(NGI) showed an emitted fraction(EF) and fine particle fraction(FPF) of 91% and 28% respectively. This formulation(5% w/v solute concentration and 2% w/w nucleic acid) was adopted subsequently to produce siRNA powder. The gel retardation and liquid chromatography assays showed that the siRNA remained intact after spray freeze drying even in the absence of delivery vector. The siRNA powder formulation exhibited a high EF of 92.4%and a modest FPF of around 20%. Further exploration of this technology to optimise inhaled siRNA powder formulation is warranted.

关键词： Inhalation Pulmonary delivery Small interfering RNA Spray freeze drying

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Excess dietary lys reduces feed intake, stimulates jejunal CCK secretion and alters essential and non‑essential blood AA profile in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1336-1346页

作者： Maximiliano Muller Elout Van liefferinge alan Tilbrook Robert van Barneveld Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality(lANUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University339000 GhentFlandersBelgium Centre for Animal Science Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation and the School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia SunPork Group BrisbaneQueensland 4009Australia

Background Commercial diets are frequently formulated to meet or exceed nutrient levels including those of lim-iting essential amino acids(AA)covering potential individual variations within the herd.However,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as lys,may lead to reduced appetite and growth in pigs.The mechanisms modulat-ing these responses have not been extensively investigated.This study evaluated the effect of lys dietary excesses on performance and satiety biomarkers in post weaning pigs.Methods Twenty-four pigs aged 21 d and weighing 6.81±0.12kg(mean±SEM)were individually housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 3weeks:a diet containing a standardized ileal digestible lys reaching 100%(T0),120%(T1),150%(T2)or 200%(T3)of the NRC(2012)requirements.At the end of the experiment,blood samples from the cephalic vein of the T0 and T3 groups were obtained for AA analysis.In addition,primary intestinal cultures from T0 pigs were used,following their humane killing,to evaluate the effect of lys on gut hormone secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo conditions.Results Feed intake was linearly reduced(Py levels of lys during the third-and first-week post weaning,respectively.Cholecystokinin con-centration(Plutamate receptor 1 and the solute carrier family 7 member 2(Pl jejunum tissues incubated with lys at 20mmol/l when compared to the control(lys 0mmol/l).Plasma lys and Glu(Plasma levels of His,Val,Thr,leu(Pln(Plower in T3 than T0 pigs.Conclusion The present results confirm that excess dietary lys inhibits hunger in pigs.Moreover,the results provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive mechanisms modulating these responses.lys dietary excesses should be nar-rowed,when possible,to avoid negative effects of the AA on appetite in pigs.

关键词： Amino acid Blood Cholecystokinin Feed intake lysine Pig Satiety

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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.lynch alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen l.Christopher Richard S.Davidson Michael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava Jennifer l.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract surgery.METHODS:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.Data collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the study.RESUlTS:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the study.Ocular comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for confounders.Males had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer significant.Males were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:yAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/25.CONClUSION:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for males.However,observed surgical complication rates exhibit almost no difference by sex afte

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

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Effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Nathalia E.Silva Mariana G.Aguilar Osania E.Ferreira Gleicia M.Paulino Jaqueline C.l.Carvalho lúcia P.S.Pimenta alan R.T.Machado Programa de Pos-graduaçao em Ciencias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBelo Horizonte31270-901Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Aplicada e Tecnologias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil Departamento de Ciencias Exatas Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application dose.However,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be elucidated.The aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean germination.Three types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(SCB300),400℃(SCB400)and 600℃(SCB600).Then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,respectively.The experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were determined.To evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.The Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to control.On the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for SCB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/w.Seven metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of treatments.Taken together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.

关键词： Germination Metabolomics 1H NMR Pyrolysis Sugarcane bagasse

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补体相关蛋白在HIV/AIDS湿热内蕴证患者中的差异性表达

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中国艾滋病性病 2024年第6期 579-583页

作者：孙雪晴王亚楠张海燕冯龙 David y.W.lee 苏铄涵徐立然 alan Wang 李青雅河南中医药大学中医学院河南中医药大学第一附属医院河南中医药大学医学院 Harvard Medical School Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Auckland University

目的探讨补体系统相关因子在HIV/AIDS患者中及其与HIV/AIDS湿热内蕴证侯的表达特征。方法共纳入2023年3-5月于广西壮族自治区某地区就诊的HIV/AIDS患者(简称HIV组)，其中包括HIV/AIDS湿热内蕴证患者组(简称HIVsr组)与HIV/AIDS无证可辨... 详细信息

目的探讨补体系统相关因子在HIV/AIDS患者中及其与HIV/AIDS湿热内蕴证侯的表达特征。方法共纳入2023年3-5月于广西壮族自治区某地区就诊的HIV/AIDS患者(简称HIV组)，其中包括HIV/AIDS湿热内蕴证患者组(简称HIVsr组)与HIV/AIDS无证可辨患者组(简称HIVwz组)及同期在门诊进行体检的健康对照组。收集其基本信息并采集抗凝血液，应用流式细胞术检测T细胞亚群数量，酶联免疫吸附试验检测补体相关因子血浆表达水平，对数据进行统计分析。结果共纳入HIV组45例，其中包括HIVsr组30例与HIVwz组15例，与健康对照组15例。免疫指标对比中，HIVsr组与健康对照组相比TH/TS表达下降(Pl等12个因子表达均下降(Pl-6、TNF-α表达显著降低(P<0.05);HIVsr组因子C3aR与湿热内蕴证证候学量表积分呈负相关(r=-0.613,P<0.05)，多元线性回归分析显示C3aR是量表积分的影响因素。结论补体系统中经典及凝集素通路参与HIV/AIDS患者病理过程，且HIV/AIDS湿热内蕴证患者的证候生物学基础与经典通路相关。C3aR对临床诊断HIV/AIDS湿热内蕴证患者有一定鉴别价值。

关键词：艾滋病湿热内蕴证补体证候诊断

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太平洋十年涛动对全球地表气温变化的影响足迹

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 445-448页

作者：梁莉莉 alan D.Ziegler 陈德亮 Philippe Ciais 李肇新梁时婧王大山徐荣嵘曾振中 School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources Mae Jo UniversityChiang Mai 50000Thailand Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement UniversitéParis-SaclayGif-sur-Yvette 91191France laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Centre national de la recherche scientifiqueSorbonne UniversitéÉcole Normale SupérieureÉcole PolytechniqueParis 75000France Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Sea surface temperature modes have been found to modulate anthropogenic global warming rates on annual and decadal timescales,sometimes leading to periods of“slowdown”despite increasing greenhouse gas emissions^([1]).

关键词：太平洋十年涛动地表气温 greenhouse

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Amplitude-mode spectroscopy of chemically injected and photogenerated charge carriers in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5619-5625页

作者： Shai R。Vardeny alan Phillips Kira A。Thurman ZValy Vardeny Jeffrey l.Blackburn Division of Electrical Electronicand Infocommunications EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Materials Chemistryand Computation Science DirectorateNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics&Astronomy University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

In one-dimensional semiconductors such as conjugated polymers and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(s-SWCNTs),injected charge carriers(electrons or holes)can have profound impacts on both electronic conductivity and optical spectra,even at low carrier densities.Understanding charge-related spectral features is a key fundamental challenge with important technological implications.Here,we employ a systematic suite of experimental and theoretical tools to understand the mid-infrared charge signatures of heavily p-type doped polymer-wrapped s-SWCNTs.Across a broad range of nanotube diameters,we find that hole charge carriers induce strong Fano anti-resonances in mid-infrared transmission spectra that correspond to defect-related(D-band)and in-plane tangential(G-band)Raman-active vibrational modes,along with antiresonances arising from infrared(IR)-active polymer and SWCNT modes.We employ^(13)C isotope-labeled s-SWCNTs and a removable wrapping polymer to clarify the relative intensities,energies,and sources of all observed anti-resonances.Simulations performed with the“amplitude mode model”are used to quantitatively reproduce Raman spectra and also help to explain the outsized intensity of the D-band anti-resonance,relative to the G-band,observed for both moderately and degenerately doped s-SWCNTs.The results provide a framework for future studies of ground-and excited-state charge carriers in s-SWCNTs and a variety of low-dimensional materials.

关键词： carbon nanotubes doping charge carriers phonons electron-phonon coupling

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Heterogeneity of neutrophils in cancer:one size does not fit all

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第12期19卷 1629-1648页

作者： Song Chen Qingyu Zhang lisha lu Chunhui Xu Jiajia li Jiali Zha Fengxia Ma Hongbo R.luo alan y.Hsu State Key laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemInstitute of Hematology&Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China Department of Pathology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of laboratory Medicine The Stem Cell ProgramBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA 02115USA Dana-Farber/Harvard CancerCenter BostonMA02115USA

Neutrophils play an essential role in the defense against bacterial infections and orchestrate both the innate and adaptive immune responses.With their abundant numbers,diverse function and short life span,these cells are at the forefront of immune responses,and have gained attention in recent years because of their presence in tumor sites.Neutrophil involvement pertains to tumor cells'ability to construct a suitable tumor microenvironment(TME)that accelerates their own growth and malignancy,by facilitating their interaction with surrounding cells through the circulatory and lymphatic systems,thereby influencing tumor development and progression.Studies have indicated both pro-and anti-tumor properties of infiltrating neutrophils.The TME can exploit neutrophil function,recruitment,and even production,thus resulting in pro-tumor properties of neutrophils,including promotion of genetic instability,tumor cell proliferation,angiogenesis and suppression of anti-tumor or inflammatory response.In contrast,neutrophils can mediate anti-tumor resistance by direct cytotoxicity to the tumor cells or by facilitating anti-tumor functions via crosstalk with T cells.Here,we summarize current knowledge regarding the effects of neutrophil heterogeneity under homeostatic and tumor conditions,including neutrophil phenotype and function,in cancer biology.

关键词： Neutrophils in cancer tumor microenvironment TAN neutrophil heterogeneity neutrophils

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The role of herbivores in the grassland carbon budget for Three-Rivers Headwaters region,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

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Grassland Research 2022年第3期1卷 207-219页

作者： Junbang Wang Xinquan Zhao Xihuang Ouyang liang Zhao Wenying Wang chan Zuo Zhenhua Zhang Huakun Zhou alan Watson yingnian li Key laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling National Ecosystem Science Data CenterInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXiningChina Qinghai Provincial Key laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of life Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningChina Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest ServiceMissoulaMontanaUSA

Background:An accurate assessment of the carbon budget is a crucial part of projecting future climate change and its impact on ecosystems.Grasslands foster multiple ecological functions including support for wild animals and livestocks.Herbivores intake forage biomass carbon,then digest and metabolize,and finally retain some carbon.The carbon processes have not been well quantified,resulting in uncertainties in the estimation of regional carbon budgets for grassland ecosystems.Methods:An animal metabolic carbon flux model was developed for herbivores in the Three-Rivers Headwaters region of China.The forage intake and metabolic carbon rates were estimated through metabolic body weight and daily digested measures for the main herbivore species.Results:The carbon intake was 5.52 Tg C year−1(45%)from partial aboveground biomass(12.2 Tg C year−1),in which 39.31%was released into the atmosphere by respiration CO_(2),43.77%was returned to the ecosystem as feces and urine,and 16.96%was retained in herbivores for population regeneration or for human well-being.Conclusions:This study,as the first research on this topic,quantified the carbon flux of herbivores and found livestock accounts for a major part of consumed carbon on grasslands,which is important for understanding regional carbon budgets to mitigate and adapt to climate change over grasslands worldwide.

关键词： aboveground biomass alpine grassland carbon budget herbivores livestock metabolism

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Catalytically active membranes for esterification:A review

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第1期53卷 142-154页

作者： Monique Juna l.leite Ingrid Ramalho Marques Mariane Carolina Proner Pedro H.H.Araújo alan Ambrosi Marco Di luccio laboratory of Membrane Processes LABSEMDepartment of Chemical and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa Catarina88040-970 FlorianópolisSCBrazil laboratory of Control and Polymerization Processes LCPDepartment of Chemical and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa Catarina88040-970 FlorianópolisSCBrazil

Esterification is an important process in the food industry and can be carried out via homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis.The homogeneous catalyst,despite providing high conversion,can cause corrosion in reactors,which is not observed with the use of heterogeneous catalysts.However,some of these catalysts require a high process temperature and may lose their catalytic activity with reuse.Thus,catalytic membranes have been proposed as a promising alternative.The combination of catalysis and separation in a single module provides greater conversion,reduction of excess reagents,compact industrial plant,making the process more efficient.Within this context,this work aims to present a literature review on the catalytic membrane for the synthesis of esters,improving the understanding of the production and development.This review examines the materials,catalysts used,and synthetic pathways.A comparison between the methods,as well as limitations and gaps in the literature,are highlighted.

关键词： Catalytic membrane Esterification Optimization Pervaporation Separation Selectivity

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