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Absence of high amplitude propagating contractions in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5435-5439页

作者： Hanumantha R Ancha Noel R Fajardo William A Bauman alan s rosman Marinella Galea Graham Creasey Mark A Korsten Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for Medical Consequences of spinal Cord Injury James J. Peters VA Medical Center Medical service James J. Peters VA Medical Center Department of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine spinal Cord Injury service James J. Peters VA Medical Center spinal Cord Injury service VA Medical Center

AIM: To investigate the presence or absence of high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPC), as well as the other measures of colonic motility, in persons with spinal cord injury (sCI). METHODs: Prolonged colonic ambulatory manometric studies were performed on 14 male volunteers: 8 with sCI (mean age, 59 ± 13 years; mean duration of injury, 13 ± 4 years) and 6 healthy able-bodied controls (mean age, 57 ± 10 years). A solid-state manometry catheter was endoscopically clipped to the splenic flexure. Recording was performed for > 24 h after manometric catheter placement. REsULTs: HAPC were absent in individuals with sCI during pre-sleep, sleep, and post-sleep phases. HAPC were significantly increased after awakening in non-sCI controls (0.8 ± 0.2 HAPC/h vs 10.5 ± 2.0 HAPC/h, P s lower in those with sCI than in controls preand post-sleep (sCI vs non-sCI: Pre-sleep, 2.4 ± 0.4 vs 8.8 ± 1.9, P st-sleep, 4.3 ± 0.8 vs 16.5 ± 4.5, P sleepinduced depression of colonic motility was observed in both the sCI and non-sCI groups (Pre-sleep vs sleep, non-sCI: 8.8 ± 1.9 vs 2.1 ± 0.9, P sCI: 2.4 ± 0.4 vs 0.2 ± 0.03, P se with sCI during sleep not significantly different than that of the controls. CONCLUsION: HAPC were not observed in individuals with sCI preor post-sleep. A sleep-induced depression in general colonic motility was evident in sCI and control subjects.

关键词： spinal cord injury Neurogenic bowel Bowel motility High amplitude propagating contractions Motility index

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Efficiently adding mode multiplexing for cost-effective,high-capacity fiber links

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 8-9页

作者： alan E.Willner Huibin Zhou University of southern California Los AngelesCaliforniaUnited States

For decades,a powerful approach to adding data capacity in an optical communication link has been to multiplex independent data-carrying channels and transmit them simultaneously along a fiber.^(1)For example,wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM)was a key technology in the 1990s and early 2000s to dramatically increase aggregate capacity in a fiber by multiplexing beams of different wavelengths.^(2)For the past roughly 15 years,there has been great promise that space-division-multiplexing(sDM)may bring similar capacity enhancements to optical fiber communications.^(1–3)

关键词： fiber multiplexing adding

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Defects and morphology engineering for constructing V_(s)-Ni_(3)s_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)s nanotube heterojunction arrays toward efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 29-40页

作者： Wenyuan sun alan Meng Lei Wang Guicun Li Jinfeng Cui Yongkai sun Zhenjiang Li College of Materials science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Optic-electric sensing and Analytical Chemistryfor Life science MOE College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao Universityof Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina College of Environment and safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Qingdao Huanghai University Qingdao 266000ShandongChina College of Electromechanical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061ShandongChina

The development of highly active,stable and inexpensive electrocatalysts for hydrogen production by defects and morphology engineering remains a great ***,s vacancies-rich Ni_(3)s_(2)@Cu_(2)s nan-otube heterojunction arrays were in-situ grown on copper foam(V_(s)-Ni_(3)s_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)s NHAs/CF)for efficient electrocatalytic overall water *** the merits of nanotube arrays and efficient electronic mod-ulation drived by the OD vacancy defect and 2D heterojunction defect,the resultant V_(s)-Ni_(3)s_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)s NHAs/CF electrocatalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential of 47 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at 10 mA cm^(-2) current density,and 263 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at 50 mA cm^(-2) current density,as well as a cell voltage of 1.48 V at 10 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the nanotube heterojunction arrays endows V_(s)-Ni_(3)s_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)s NHAs/CF with outstanding stability in long-term catalytic processes,as confirmed by the continuous chronopotentiom-etry tests at current densities of 10 mA cm^(-2) for 100 h.

关键词： Nanotubearrays Heterojunction Vacancy Bifunctional electrocatalyst Overall water splitting

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A new perspective on intervertebral disc calcification—from bench to bedside

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 50-61页

作者： Emanuel J.Novais Rajkishen Narayanan Jose A.Canseco Koen van de Wetering Christopher K.Kepler alan s.Hilibrand Alexander R.Vaccaro Makarand V.Risbud Department of Orthopaedic surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Unidade Local de saúde do Litoral Alentejano Orthopedic DepartmentSantiago do CacémPortugal Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University PhiladelphiaPAUSA

Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck ***,there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis,ectopic calcification,herniation,or mixed *** these phenotypes,disc calcification is the least *** calcification,by definition,is the pathological mineralization of soft tissues,widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculature,skin,and ***,disc calcification is associated with poor surgical outcomes and back pain refractory to conservative *** is frequently seen as a consequence of disc aging and progressive degeneration but exhibits unique molecular and morphological characteristics:hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cell differentiation;TNAP,ENPP1,and ANK upregulation;cell death;altered Pi and PPi homeostasis;and local *** studies in mouse models have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this *** is essential to recognize that the presentation and nature of mineralization differ between AF,NP,and EP ***,the combination of anatomic location,genetics,and environmental stressors,such as aging or trauma,govern the predisposition to ***,the systemic regulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less important than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis,along with disc cell death and differentiation *** there is limited understanding of this phenotype,understanding the molecular pathways governing local intervertebral disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying drugs and better clinical management of degeneration-related pathologies.

关键词： degeneration metabolism intervertebral

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stable multi-electron reaction stimulated by W doping Vs_(4)for enhancing magnesium storage performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 89-98,I0004页

作者： Yuxin Tian Jiankang Chen Guofeng Wang Bing sun alan Meng Lei Wang Guicun Li Jianfeng Huang shiqi Ding Zhenjiang Li College of Materials science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Optic-electric sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life science MOEShandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical AnalysisCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina school of Material science and Engineering International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi ProvinceXi’an Key Laboratory of Green Manufacture of Ceramic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021ShaanxiChina

Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)hold promise for offering higher volumetric energy density and safety features,attracting increasing research interest as the next post lithium-ion *** high performance cathode material by inducing multi-electron reaction process as well as maintaining structural stability is the key to the development and application of ***,multielectron reaction occurred in Vs_(4)by simple W doping strategy.W doping induces valence of partial V as V^(2+)and V^(3+)in Vs_(4)structure,and then stimulates electrochemical reaction involving multi-electrons in 0.5%*** flower-like microsphere morphology as well as rich s vacancies is also modulated by W doping to neutralize structure change in such multi-electron reaction *** fabricated 0.5%W-V-s delivers higher specific capacity(149.3 m A h g^(-1)at 50 m A g^(-1),which is 1.6 times higher than that of Vs_(4)),superior rate capability(76 mA h g^(-1)at 1000 mA g^(-1)),and stable cycling performance(1500cycles with capacity retention ratio of 93.8%).Besides that,pesudocapaticance-like contribution analysis as well as galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)further confirms the enhanced Mg^(2+)storage kinetics during such multi-electron involved electrochemical reaction *** discovery provides new insights into the designing of multi-electron reaction process in cathode as well as neutralizing structural change during such reaction for realizing superior electrochemical performance in energy storage devices.

关键词： Multi-electron reaction W doping stable structure Cathode Rechargeable magnesium batteries

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Insight into the synergistic effect of defect and strong interface coupling on ZnIn_(2)s_(4)/CoIn_(2)s_(4)heterostructure for boosting photocatalytic H_(2) evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 151-161页

作者： Xuehua Wang Tianyu shi Xianghu Wang Aili song Guicun Li Lei Wang Jianfeng Huang alan Meng Zhenjiang Li College of Materials science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Optic-electric sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life science MOECollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Qingdao Huanghai University Qingdao 266000ShandongChina school of Material science and Engineering International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi ProvinceXi’an Key Laboratory of Green Manufacture of Ceramic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021ShaanxiChina

steering the directional carrier migration across the interface is a central mission for efficient photocatalytic *** this work,an atomic-shared heterointerface is constructed between the defect-rich ZnIn_(2)s_(4)(HVs-ZIs)and CoIn_(2)s_(4)(CIs)via a defect-guided heteroepitaxial growth *** strong interface coupling induces adequate carriers exchanging passageway between HVs-ZIs and CIs,enhancing the internal electric field(IEF)in the ZnIn_(2)s_(4)/CoIn_(2)s_(4)(HVs-ZIs/CIs)*** defect structure in HVs-ZIs induces an additional defect level,improving the separation efficiency of ***,promoted by the IEF and intimate heterointerface,photogenerated electrons trapped by the defect level can migrate to the valence band of CIs,contributing to massive photogenerated electrons with intense reducibility in HVs-ZIs/***,the HVs-ZIs/CIs heterostructure performs a boosted H_(2)evolution activity of 33.65 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1).This work highlights the synergistic effects of defect and strong interface coupling in regulating carrier transfer and paves a brave avenue for constructing efficient heterostructure photocatalysts.

关键词： Defect-guided heteroepitaxial growth Heterointerface coupling Photocatalytic H_(2)evolution Mechanism HVs-ZIs/CIs

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Effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings

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Oil Crop science 2024年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Nathalia E.silva Mariana G.Aguilar Osania E.Ferreira Gleicia M.Paulino Jaqueline C.L.Carvalho Lúcia P.s.Pimenta alan R.T.Machado Programa de Pos-graduaçao em Ciencias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBelo Horizonte31270-901Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Aplicada e Tecnologias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil Departamento de Ciencias Exatas Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application ***,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be *** aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean *** types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(sCB300),400℃(sCB400)and 600℃(sCB600).Then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,*** experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were *** evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic *** Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to *** the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for sCB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/*** metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of *** together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.

关键词： Germination Metabolomics 1H NMR Pyrolysis sugarcane bagasse

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Bulking Up the Bay-Position substituents Enables Enhanced selectivity of Cs‑symmetric Boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine Hybrids

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina F.Farac alan J.Lough Timothy P.Bender Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Department of Materials science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The precise synthesis of subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique material properties plays a promising role in the design of functional ***,selective,and controllable routes to boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine hybrids,Bsub(Pc_(3‑p)-Ncp)s,are desirable for this purpose yet synthetically challenging due to random mixtures of Cs-,C3v-,and,in some cases,C1-symmetric compounds that form during traditional statistical mixed ***,we addressed this issue by developing a sterically driven mixed cyclotrimerization with enhanced selectivity for the targeted Cs-symmetric hybrid and complete suppression of sterically crowded macrocyclic *** process,coupled with a rationally designed precursor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and characterization of bay-position phenylated Ph2-(Rp)8Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=Cl or F)in their peripheral isoindole *** selectivity ranged between 59 and 72%with remarkable yields,significantly higher than that of conventional mixed *** findings were augmented by theoretical calculations on precursor Lewis basicity as guiding principles into hybrid macrocycle ***,the incorporation of unfused phenyl groups and halogen atoms into the hybrid framework resulted in fine-tuned optical,structural,electronic,and electrochemical *** straightforward approach achieved improved selectivity and controlled narrowing of the product distribution,affording the efficient synthesis of structurally sophisticated Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))*** then expands the library of 3-dimensionalπ-extended macrocycles for use in a range of applications,such as in optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored optical properties.

关键词： subphthalocyanine hybrids low-symmetry aromatic macrocycle selective cyclotrimerization sterically driven chemistry broad absorption material properties

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Tensile strain Capacity Prediction of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Using soft Computing Techniques

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2925-2954页

作者： Rabar H.Faraj Hemn Unis Ahmed Hardi saadullah Fathullah alan saeed Abdulrahman Farid Abed Civil Engineering Department University of HalabjaHalabjaIraq University of sulaimani College of EngineeringCivil Engineering DepartmentSulaimaniIraq Civil Engineering Department Komar University of Science and TechnologySulaimaniIraq Department of Engineering Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific ResearchesSulaimaniIraq Department of Civil Engineering American University of SharjahSharjah26666UAE

Plain concrete is strong in compression but brittle in tension,having a low tensile strain capacity that can significantly degrade the long-term performance of concrete structures,even when steel reinforcing is *** order to address these challenges,short polymer fibers are randomly dispersed in a cement-based matrix to forma highly ductile engineered cementitious composite(ECC).Thismaterial exhibits high ductility under tensile forces,with its tensile strain being several hundred times greater than conventional *** concrete is inherently weak in tension,the tensile strain capacity(TsC)has become one of the most extensively researched *** a result,developing a model to predict the TsC of the ECC and to optimize the mixture proportions becomes ***,the effort required for laboratory trial batches to determine the TsC is *** achieve the research objectives,five distinct models,artificial neural network(ANN),nonlinear model(NLR),linear relationship model(LR),multi-logistic model(MLR),and M5P-tree model(M5P),are investigated and employed to predict the TsCof ECCmixtures containing fly *** from115 mixtures are gathered and analyzed to develop a new *** input variables include mixture proportions,fiber length and diameter,and the time required for curing the various *** model’s effectiveness is evaluated and verified based on statistical parameters such as R2,mean absolute error(MAE),scatter index(sI),root mean squared error(RMsE),and objective function(OBJ)***,the ANN model outperforms the others in predicting the TsC of the ECC,with RMsE,MAE,OBJ,sI,and R2 values of 0.42%,0.3%,0.33%,0.135%,and 0.98,respectively.

关键词： Engineered cementitious composites fly ash curing time tensile strain capacity modeling

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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.Lynch alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen L.Christopher Richard s.Davidson Michael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract ***:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado school of *** collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the *** comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for *** had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for ***,observed surgical complicatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

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