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genomic selection in plant breeding:Key factors shaping two decades of progress

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molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 552-578页

作者： Admas Alemu Johanna Astrand Osval A.montesinos-López Julio Isidro y Sanchez Javier Fernandez-gónzalez Wuletaw Tadesse Ramesh R.Vetukuri Anders S.Carlsson Alf Ceplitis JoséCrossa Rodomiro Ortiz Aakash Chawade Department of Plant Breeding Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden Lantmannen Lantbruk SvalövSweden Facultad de Telematica University de ColimaColimaColima 28040Mexico Centro de Biotecnología y genómica de Plantas(CBgP UPM-INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Campus de Montegancedo-UPM28223 MadridSpain International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) RabatMorocco International maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CImmYT) Km 45Carretera México-VeracruzTexcocoMéxico 52640Mexico

genomic selection,the application of genomic prediction(gP)models to select candidate individuals,has significantly advanced in the past two decades,effectively accelerating genetic gains in plant breeding.This article provides a holistic overview of key factors that have influenced gP in plant breeding during this period.We delved into the pivotal roles of training population size and genetic diversity,and their relationship with the breeding population,in determining gP accuracy.Special emphasis was placed on optimizing training population size.We explored its benefits and the associated diminishing returns beyond an optimum size.This was done while considering the balance between resource allocation and maximizing prediction accuracy through current optimization algorithms.The density and distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms,level of linkage disequilibrium,genetic complexity,trait heritability,statistical machine-learning methods,and non-additive effects are the other vital factors.Using wheat,maize,and potato as examples,we summarize the effect of these factors on the accuracy of gP for various traits.The search for high accuracy in gP—theoretically reaching one when using the Pearson’s correlation as a metric—is an active research area as yet far from optimal for various traits.We hypothesize that with ultra-high sizes of genotypic and phenotypic datasets,effective training population optimization methods and support from other omics approaches(transcriptomics,metabolomics and proteomics)coupled with deep-learning algorithms could overcome the boundaries of current limitations to achieve the highest possible prediction accuracy,making genomic selection an effective tool in plant breeding.

关键词： genomic selection genetic gain genomic prediction optimization deep learning training population optimization

Reliability of a computerized system for strabismus screening

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 126-130页

作者： Supaporn Tengtrisorn alan Frederick geater Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat-YaiSongkla 90110Thailand Epidemiology Unit Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat-YaiSongkla 90110Thailand

AIm:To evaluate the reliability of Photo-Hirschberg screening for global strabismus performed by non-specialized personnel.mETHODS:Participants at three sites were enrolled.One person at each site was trained in visual acuity measurement and use of the computerized system.Visual acuity was measured,and strabismus testing was performed using two flash photographs.All data from the three primary observers were sent to an experienced assistant researcher,who was blinded to the primary results,for re-evaluation.The primary and re-evaluation results of the Photo-Hirschberg screenings using weighted kappa for agreement were compared.RESULTS:The study included 181 participants(88 males and 93 females)and the results for primary and re-evaluation screenings were corresponded.Ten participants with contrasting results presented with unclear corneal light reflex.Sensitivity and specificity were 100%[95%confidence interval(CI):29.0%-100%]and 99.4%(95%CI:96.6%-100%),respectively,based on the Agresti test of the primary evaluation,considering the re-evaluated classification as true.CONCLUSION:The computerized system can be used for primary strabismus screening by non-specialized personnel,with 98.8%agreement with specialists.However,it cannot be used as a substitute for professional examination.

关键词： strabismus screening computerized system Photo-Hirschberg screening

Control system design for a pressure-tube-type supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor via a higher order sliding mode method

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 145-154页

作者： m.Hajipour g.R.Ansarifar Department of Nuclear Engineering Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran

Nuclear power plants exhibit non-linear and time-variable dynamics.Therefore,designing a control system that sets the reactor power and forces it to follow the desired load is complicated.A supercritical water reactor(SCWR)is a fourth-generation conceptual reactor.In an SCWR,the non-linear dynamics of the reactor require a controller capable of control-ling the nonlinearities.In this study,a pressure-tube-type SCWR was controlled during reactor power maneuvering with a higher order sliding mode,and the reactor outgoing steam temperature and pressure were controlled simultaneously.In an SCWR,the temperature,pressure,and power must be maintained at a setpoint(desired value)during power maneuvering.Reactor point kinetics equations with three groups of delayed neutrons were used in the simulation.Higher-order and classic sliding mode controllers were separately manufactured to control the plant and were compared with the PI controllers speci-fied in previous studies.The controlled parameters were reactor power,steam temperature,and pressure.Notably,for these parameters,the PI controller had certain instabilities in the presence of disturbances.The classic sliding mode controller had a higher accuracy and stability;however its main drawback was the chattering phenomenon.HOSmC was highly accurate and stable and had a small computational cost.In reality,it followed the desired values without oscillations and chattering.

关键词： Supercritical water nuclear reactor Higher order sliding mode controller Steam temperature Steam pressure Point kinetics model

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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： matthew D.geiger Anne m.Lynch alan g.Palestine Nathan C.grove Karen L.Christopher Richard S.Davidson michael J.Taravella Naresh mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIm:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract surgery.mETHODS:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of medicine.Data collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the study.RESULTS:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the study.Ocular comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for confounders.males had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer significant.males were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAg)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/25.CONCLUSION:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for males.However,observed surgical complication rates exhibit almost no difference by sex afte

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

Periodontitis:An often-neglected complication of diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 318-325页

作者： marina g Kudiyirickal Joseph m Pappachan Primary Care Dental Practice The Smile ClinicPreston PR16PZUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2Dm)and periodontitis is now well established,resulting in periodontal disease being considered as the 6th major complication of diabetes mellitus(Dm)after cardiovascular disease,eye disease,neuropathy,nephropathy,and peripheral vascular disease.Dm can worsen the virulence and invasiveness of pathogenic oral microbial flora aggravating the local inflammation and infection in those with periodontal disease.On the other hand,the chemical and immunological mediators released into the circulation as part of periodontal inflammation worsen the systemic insulin resistance with worsening of T2Dm.Periodontitis if undiagnosed or left untreated can also result in eventual tooth loss.A study by Xu et al in the World Journal of Diabetes examined the predictive factors associated with periodontitis in Chinese patients with T2Dm.The prevalence of periodontitis was found to be 75.7%in this study.Based on logistic regression analysis,the predictive factors for higher risk were low tooth brushing frequency[odds ratio(OR)=4.3],high triglycerides(Tg;OR=3.31),high total cholesterol(TC;OR=2.87),higher glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c;OR=2.55),and higher age(OR=1.05)while higher education level was protective(OR=0.53).However,the most influential variables were HbA1c followed by age,TC,Tg,low education level,brushing frequency,and sex on the random forest model(this model showed higher sensitivity for predicting the risk).A good understanding of the predictors for periodontitis in T2Dm patients is important in prevention,early detection of susceptible patients,and intervention to improve periodontal health and enable long-term glycaemic control as observed by Xu et al.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Periodontitis Predictive factors Cardiovascular disease glycaemic control

magnesium oxide(mgO) nanoadsorbents in wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1709-1773页

作者： H.C.S.Perera V.gurunanthanan Anoop Singh m.m.m.g.P.g.mantilaka g.Das Sandeep Arya Department of Physics Khalifa University Postgraduate Institute of Science University of Peradeniya Department of Humanities and Sciences Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus Centre for global Health Research Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Department of Physics University of Jammu

Wastewater contamination by heavy metals and synthetic dyes presents a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective and sustainable separation techniques. This review article provides a detailed examination of magnesium oxide(mgO) nanoparticles as an innovative nanoadsorbent for wastewater treatment, with a specific focus on heavy metal and dye removal. The review comprehensively explores various aspects of mgO nanoparticles, including their structural characteristics and synthesis techniques. The article delves into the morphology and crystallographic arrangement of mgO nanoparticles, offering insights into their structural attributes. given the complexity of adsorption processes, the review identifies and analyzes parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency of mgO nanoparticles, such as temperature, pH, contact time, initial concentration, and co-existing ions. The interplay between these parameters and the adsorption capability of mgO nanoparticles emphasizes the importance of optimizing operational conditions. Furthermore, the review assesses various synthesis methods for mgO nanoparticles, including sol-gel, hydrothermal, precipitation, green synthesis, solvothermal, and template-assisted techniques. It discusses the advantages, limitations, and resulting nanoparticle characteristics of each method, enabling readers to grasp the implications of synthesis processes on adsorption efficiency. This comprehensive review consolidates current insights into the effectiveness of mgO nanoparticles as a potent nanoadsorbent for removing heavy metals and dyes from wastewater covering a wide spectrum of aspects related to mgO nanoparticles. moreover, there is a need to investigate the use of mgO in the treatment of actual wastewater or river water,in order to leverage its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency for practical water treatment applications in real-time.

关键词： mgO nanoparticles Nanoadsorbent Wastewater treatment Heavy metals Dye separation Adsorption Synthesis methods

Efficiently adding mode multiplexing for cost-effective,high-capacity fiber links

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 8-9页

作者： alan E.Willner Huibin Zhou University of Southern California Los AngelesCaliforniaUnited States

For decades,a powerful approach to adding data capacity in an optical communication link has been to multiplex independent data-carrying channels and transmit them simultaneously along a fiber.^(1)For example,wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDm)was a key technology in the 1990s and early 2000s to dramatically increase aggregate capacity in a fiber by multiplexing beams of different wavelengths.^(2)For the past roughly 15 years,there has been great promise that space-division-multiplexing(SDm)may bring similar capacity enhancements to optical fiber communications.^(1–3)

关键词： fiber multiplexing adding

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Previously undiagnosed morgagni hernia with bowel perforation detected during repeat screening colonoscopy: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第14期12卷 2389-2395页

作者： Said Al Alawi alan N Barkun Sara Najmeh Division of gastroenterology McGill UniversityMontrealQC H4A 3J1Canada Division of Thoracic surgery McGill UniversityMontrealQC H4A 3J1Canada

BACKgROUND morgagni hernia(mH)is a form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)characterized by an incomplete formation of diaphragm,resulting in the protru-sion of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity.The estimated incidence of CDH is between 1 in 2000 and 1 in 5000 live births,although the true incidence is unknown.mH typically presents in childhood and can be diagnosed either pre-natally or postnatally.However,it can also be asymptomatic and carry the risk of developing into a life-threatening condition in adulthood.CASE SUmmARY A 76-year-old female with no history of prior abdominal surgeries presented for an elective colonoscopy for polyp surveillance.During the procedure,when approaching the hepatic flexure,the scope could not be advanced further despite multiple attempts.The patient experienced mild abdominal discomfort,leading to the abortion of the procedure.While in the recovery area,she developed increa-sing abdominal pains and hypotension.Urgent abdominal imaging revealed her-niation of the proximal transverse colon through a mH into the chest with evi-dence of perforation.The patient underwent laparoscopic urgent colonic resection and primary hernia repair and was discharged uneventfully 2 d later.CONCLUSION A mH is a rare condition in adults that can present as a life-threatening compli-cation of colonoscopy,even in patients with a history of uneventful colonoscopies.This case highlights the importance of considering congenital and internal hernias when faced with sudden and unexplained difficulties during colonoscopy.If there is a suspicion of mH,the endoscopist should halt the procedure and immediately obtain abdominal imaging to confirm the diagnosis.

关键词： Bowel perforation Colonoscopy Adverse event Congenital diaphragmatic

metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 316-323页

作者： Ryan A.Dornbier Chirag P.Doshi Shalin C.Desai Petar Bajic michelle Van Kuiken mark Khemmani Ahmer V.Farooq Larissa Bresler Thomas m.T.Turk alan J.Wolfe Kristin g.Baldea Loyola University medical Center Department of UrologyMaywoodILUSA Loyola University Chicago Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMaywoodILUSA

Objective:To identify possible stone-promoting microbes,we compared the profiles of microbes grown from stones of patients with and without metabolic syndrome(metS).The association between metS and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact pathophysiologic relationship remains unknown.Recent evidence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nephrolithiasis risk.methods:At the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from patients with and without metS.Both sample types were subjected to expanded quantitative urine culture(EQUC)and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results:Fifty-seven patients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 metS patients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with respect to demographics and non-metS comorbidities.No controls had uric acid stone composition.By EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in metS stones(42.2%)compared to controls(8.3%)(p=0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of metS patients compared to controls.To validate our EQUC results,we performed 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.In 12/16(75.0%)sequence-positive stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one species of the sequenced genera.Bacteria were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone compositions.Conclusion:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in metS stones than control stones.Our findings support a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for patients with metS regardless of stone composition.

关键词： Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis metabolic syndrome Urinary microbiome Percutaneous nephrolithotomy