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Methane Emissions from Grazing Holstein-Friesian Heifers at Different Ages Estimated Using the Sulfur Hexafluoride Tracer Technique

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Engineering 2017年第5期3卷 753-759页

作者： Steven J. Morrisonn Judith McBride alan W. gordon Alastair R. G. Wylie Tianhai Yan Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Hillsborough County Down BT26 6DR UK Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT9 5PX UK

Although the effect of animal and diet factors on enteric methane （CH4） emissions from confined cattle has been extensively examined, less data is available regarding CH4 emissions from grazing young cattle. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the physiological state of Holstein-Friesian heifers on their enteric CH4 emissions while grazing a perennial ryegrass sward. Two experiments were conducted： Experiment 1 ran from May 2011 for 11 weeks and Experiment 2 ran from August 2011 for 10 weeks. In each experiment, Holstein-Friesian heifers were divided into three treatment groups （12 animals/group） consisting of calves, yearling heifers, and in-calf heifers （average ages： 8.5, 14.5, and 20.5 months, respectively）. Methane emissions were estimated for each animal in the final week of each experiment using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. Dry matter （DM） intake was estimated using the calculated metabolizable energy （ME） requirement divided by the ME concentration in the grazed grass. As expected, live weight increased with increasing animal age （P 〈 0.001）; however, there was no difference in live weight gain among the three groups in Experiment 1, although in Experiment 2, this variable decreased with increasing animal age （P 〈 0.001 ）. In Experiment 1, yearling heifers had the highest CH4 emissions （g·d^-1） and in-calf heifers produced more than calves （P 〈 0.001 ）. When expressed as CH4 emissions per unit of live weight, DM intake, and gross energy （GE） intake, yearling heifers had higher emission rates than calves and in-calf heifers （P 〈 0.001）. However, the effects on CH4 emissions were different in Experiment 2, in which CH, emissions （g·d^-1） increased linearly with increasing animal age （P 〈 0.001）, although the difference between yearling and in-calf heifers was not significant. The CH4/live weight ratio was lower in in-calf heifers than in the other two groups （P 〈 0.001 ）, while CH4 energy output as a proportion of GE intake was lower

关键词： Methane emission Grazing dairy heifer Prediction Sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique

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Flexible ultra-thin super-resolution endoscopy

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 171-172页

作者： George S.D.gordon Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RDUK

In recent years, multimode fiber(MMF) has become an important tool for high-resolution endoscopic imaging in narrow channels(e.g., in the brain via needles or inside blood vessels) due to its high mode density and fine diameter, typically <0.125 mm [1-6]. However, a major obstacle to widespread deployment in applications is that realistic perturbations, including bending, twisting and changes in temperature, cause unacceptable image degradation.

关键词： fiber resolution typically

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Apoer2/Lrp8:the undercover cop of synaptic homeostasis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2563-2564页

作者： gordon C.Werthmann Joachim Herz Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasTXUSA Department of Neuroscience Department of Neurology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas DallasTXUSA

Apolipoprotein E receptor 2(ApoER2)is a receptor for the protein ApoE,the most common genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease(AD).It is also a key modulator of syna ptic homeostasis,in part through its effect on the expression of neuronal genes including those implicated in AD and other neuropsychiatric *** this perspective,we highlight several genes affected by ApoER2 and its alternatively spliced forms and how aberrant expression can be rescued by the reintroduction of the ApoER2 intracellular domain in the mouse hippocampus.

关键词： homeostasis ApoE Alzheimer

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Mixed plastics waste valorization to high-added value products via thermally induced phase separation and spin-casting

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第10期9卷 1627-1640页

作者： Junaid Saleem Moghal Zubair Khalid Baig Usman Bin Shahid Rafael Luque gordon McKay Division of Sustainable Development College of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa University Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Universidad ECOTEC

Plastic waste is an underutilized resource that has the potential to be transformed into value-added ***,its chemical diversity leads to cost-intensive sorting techniques,limiting recycling and upcycling ***,we report an open-loop recycling method to produce graded feedstock from mixed polyolefins waste,which makes up 60%of total plastic *** method uses heat flow scanning to quantify the composition of plastic waste and resolves its compatibility through controlled *** resulting feedstock is then used to synthesize blended pellets,porous sorbents,and superhydrophobic coatings via thermally induced phase separation and *** hybrid approach broadens the opportunities for reusing plastic waste,which is a step towards creating a more circular economy and better waste management practices.

关键词： Plastic waste Valorization Superhydrophobic coatings Blended pellets Porous materials Sorbents

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Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3D‑printed modular blocks from 2D‑medical images

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 74-87页

作者： Anil AAcar Evangelos Daskalakis Paulo Bartolo Andrew Weightman Glen Cooper gordon Blunn Bahattin Koc Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Türkiye D Bioprinting Laboratory Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterIstanbul 34956Türkiye School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUK

Additive manufacturing(AM)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3D),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering *** use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and ***,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and ***,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma *** this study,a novel design and AM methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a *** modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2D)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3D printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3D imaging,modeling,and 3D printing during *** proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2D medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3D medical imaging or *** algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone ***,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2D data or *** algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3D printed using an extrusion-based AM *** and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Modular scaffolds Large bone defect Customized scaffold design Patient-specific scaffolds

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Fixed-effect and random-effects models in meta-analysis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第1期137卷 1-4页

作者： Chunjuan Zhai gordon Guyatt Department of Cardiology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong 250021China Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8OntarioCanada

A systematic review synthesizes evidence addressing a structured clinical question using systematic and explicit methods to search,identify,screen,critically appraise,and extract and analyze data from relevant studies.[1]A meta-analysis,on the other hand,is a statistical method that combines the quantitative results of available primary studies addressing the same question to generate a pooled summary estimate and confidence interval(CI).[2]Meta-analyses can increase statistical power,enhance precision,and answer questions that single trials are underpowered to *** there are systematic reviews where meta-analyses are not appropriate,when they are well-conducted and reported,systematic reviews combined with meta-analyses provide valuable information for clinicians,researchers,and policymakers.

关键词： Fixed analysis effect

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Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9):from bench to bedside

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 509-557页

作者： Xuhui Bao Yongjun Liang Hanman Chang Tianji Cai Baijie Feng Konstantin gordon Yuekun Zhu Hailian Shi Yundong He Liyi Xie Institute of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines Fudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Oncology Fudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghaiChina Center for Clinical Research Fudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghaiChina Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Pathology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Center for Medical Research and Innovation Fudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghaiChina Institute for Food Safety and Health Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoILUSA Department of Sociology University of MacaoTaipaMacaoChina Medical Institute Peoples’Friendship University of RussiaMoscowRussia A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center ObninskRussia Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhangjiang Hi-tech ParkShanghaiChina Department of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9)has evolved as a pivotal enzyme in lipid metabolism and a revolutionary therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia and its related cardiovascular diseases(CVD).This comprehensive review delineates the intricate roles and wide-ranging implications of PCSK9,extending beyond CVD to emphasize its significance in diverse physiological and pathological states,including liver diseases,infectious diseases,autoimmune disorders,and notably,*** exploration offers insights into the interaction between PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein receptors(LDLRs),elucidating its substantial impact on cholesterol homeostasis and cardiovascular *** also details the evolution of PCSK9-targeted therapies,translating foundational bench discoveries into bedside applications for optimized patient *** advent and clinical approval of innovative PCSK9 inhibitory therapies(PCSK9-iTs),including three monoclonal antibodies(Evolocumab,Alirocumab,and Tafolecimab)and one small interfering RNA(siRNA,Inclisiran),have marked a significant breakthrough in cardiovascular *** therapies have demonstrated unparalleled efficacy in mitigating hypercholesterolemia,reducing cardiovascular risks,and have showcased profound value in clinical applications,offering novel therapeutic avenues and a promising future in personalized medicine for cardiovascular ***,emerging research,inclusive of our findings,unveils PCSK9’s potential role as a pivotal indicator for cancer prognosis and its prospective application as a transformative target for cancer *** review also highlights PCSK9’s aberrant expression in various cancer forms,its association with cancer prognosis,and its crucial roles in carcinogenesis and cancer *** conclusion,this synthesized review integrates existing knowledge and novel insights on PCSK9,providing a holistic perspective on its transformative impact in reshaping therapeutic paradigms acr

关键词： PCSK9 metabolism convert

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Geochemical fingerprints and hydrocarbon potential of Paleocene mudrocks in the Tano Basin, Ghana: insights from biomarkers and stable carbon isotopes

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 255-279页

作者： Kojo Amoako Nancy Pearl Osei-Boakye Ningning Zhong N’Guessan Francois De Sales Konan gordon Foli Prince Opoku Appau Clifford Fenyi Ebenezer Apesegah Research Group for Marine Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)Carl von Ossietzky University OldenburgAmmerlander Heerstr.26129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Department of Geological Engineering Faculty of Civil and Geo-EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Ghana National Gas Company 225 Osibisa CloseAirport WestAccraGhana Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Paleocene mudrocks in Ghana’s Tano Basin have received limited attention despite ongoing efforts to explore hydrocarbon resources.A thorough geochemical analysis is imperative to assess these mudrocks’petroleum generation potential and formulate effective exploration *** this study,a comprehensive geochemical analysis was carried out on ten Paleocene rock cuttings extracted from TP-1,a discovery well within the Tano *** analytical techniques,including total organic carbon(TOC)analysis,Rock–Eval pyrolysis,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and isotope ratio-mass spectrometry,were employed to elucidate their hydrocar-bon potential and organic ***ﬁndings in this study were subsequently compared to existing geochemical data on Paleocene source rocks in the South Atlantic marginal *** results indicated that the Paleocene samples have TOC content ranging from 0.68 to 2.93 wt%.The prevalent kerogen types identiﬁed in these samples were Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ.Molecular and isotope data suggest that the organic matter found in the Paleocene mudrocks can be traced back to land plants and lower aquatic *** mudrocks were deposited in a transi-tional environment withﬂuctuating water salinity,charac-terized by sub-oxic redox *** indices,both bulk and molecular,indicated a spectrum of maturity levels within the Paleocene mudrocks,spanning from immature to marginally mature,with increasing maturity observed with greater *** comparison,the organic composition and depositional environments of Paleocene source rocks in the Tano Basin closely resemble those found in the Niger Delta Basin,Douala,and Kribi-Campo Basins,the Kwanza Formation in Angola,and certain Brazilian marginal ***,it is worth noting that Paleocene source rocks in some of the basins,such as the Niger Delta and Brazilian marginal basins,exhibit rela-tively higher thermal maturity levels compared to those observed in the current Paleocene samp

关键词： Paleocene source rocks Source input Depositional environment Thermal maturity Hydrocarbon potential Tano Basin West Africa

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Injury and illness in short-course triathletes:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Melissa L.Crunkhorn Michael Drew gordon Waddington Julien D.Périard Naroa Etxebarria Liam A.Toohey Paula Charlton University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wales Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensland Academy of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathlon Australia Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Australian Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background:Determining the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness in short-course triathletes would improve understanding of their etiologies and therefore assist in the development and implementation of prevention *** study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness and summarizes reported injury or illness etiology and risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses *** reporting health problems(injury and illness)in triathletes(all sexes,ages,and experience levels)training and/or competing in short-course distances were *** electronic databases(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,MEDLINE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of Science Core Collection,and SPORTDiscus)were *** of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment *** authors independently completed data ***:The search yielded 7998 studies,with 42 studies eligible for ***-three studies investigated injuries,24 studies investigated illnesses,and 5 studies investigated both injuries and *** injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures,and the illness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete *** and illness prevalence ranged between 2%-15%and 6%-84%,*** injuries reported occurred during running(45%-92%),and the most frequently reported illnesses affected the gastrointestinal(7%-70%),cardiovascular(14%-59%),and respiratory systems(5%-60%).Conclusion:The most frequently reported health problems in short-course triathletes were:overuse and lower limb injuries associated with running;gastrointestinal illnesses and altered cardiac function,primarily attributable to environmental factors;and respiratory illness mostly caused by infection.

关键词： Athlete illnesses Athletic injuries Epidemiology Triathlon

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3D micro-devices for enhancing the lateral resolution in optical microscopy

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第2期5卷 50-63页

作者： gordon Zyla Goran Maconi Anton Nolvi Jan Marx Dimitra Ladika Ari Salmi Vasileia Melissinaki Ivan Kassamakov Maria Farsari Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology-HellasHeraklionGreece Electronics Research Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Applied Laser Technologies Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany

Although optical microscopy is a widely used technique across various multidisciplinary fields for inspecting small-scale objects,surfaces or organisms,it faces a significant limitation:the lateral resolution of optical microscopes is fundamentally constrained by light *** micro-spheres,however,offer a promising solution to this issue as they are capable of significantly enhancing lateral resolution through extraordinary phenomena,such as a photonic *** upon the potential of dielectric micro-spheres,this paper introduces a novel approach for fabricating 3D micro-devices designed to enhance lateral resolution in optical *** proposed 3D micro-device comprises a modified coverslip and a micro-sphere,facilitating easy handling and integration into any existing optical *** manufacture the device,two advanced femtosecond laser techniques are employed:femtosecond laser ablation and multi-photon *** laser ablation was employed to create a micro-hole in the coverslip,which allows light to be focused through this ***-photon lithography was used to fabricate a micro-sphere with a diameter of 20μm,along with a cantilever that positions the above the processed micro-hole and connect it with the *** this context,advanced processing strategies for multi-photon lithography to produce a micro-sphere with superior surface roughness and almost perfect geometry(λ/8)from a Zr-based hybrid photoresist are *** performance of the micro-device was evaluated using Mirau-type coherence scanning interferometry in conjunction with white light illumination at a central wavelength of 600 nm and a calibration grid(Λ=0.28μm,h>50 nm).Here,the 3D micro-device proved to be capable of enhancing lateral resolution beyond the limits achievable with conventional lenses or microscope objectives when used in ***,it maintained the high axial resolution characteristic of Mirau-type coherenc

关键词： Photonic nanojet Multi-photon lithography Optical microscopy Micro-optics Multi-photon grayscale lithography Extreme manufacturing

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