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Differentiation and functional connectivity of fetal tectal transplants

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第11期18卷 2325-2331页

作者： alan R.Harvey School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaLions Eye Instituteand Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia

Data from studies analyzing the differentiation and functional connectivity of embryo nic neural tissue grafted into the mammalian nervous system has led to the clinical testing of the fetal graft approach in patients with neurodegenerative disease.While some success has been achieved,ethical concerns have led to a search for alternative therapeutic strategies,mostly exploring the use of neural precursors or neurons derived from pluripotent stem cells to replace damaged host neurons and restore lost circuitries.These more recent studies address questions of graft viability,differentiation,and connectivity similar to those posed by researchers in earlier fetal transplant work,thus reviews of the fetal graft literature may inform and help guide ongoing research in the stem cell/organoid field.This brief review describes some key observations from research into the transplantation of neural tissue into the rat visual syste m,focusing on grafts of the fetal supe rior colliculus(tectal grafts) into neonatal or adult hosts.In neonate hosts,grafts quickly develop connections with the underlying host mid b rain and attain a morphology typical of mature grafts by about 2 weeks.G rafts consistently contain numerous localized regions which,based on neurofibrillar staining,neuronal morphology(Golgi),neurochemistry,receptor expression,and glial architecture,are homologous to the stratum griseum supe rficiale of normal superior colliculus.These localized "patches" are also seen after explant culture and when donor tectal tissue is dissociated and reaggregated prior to transplantation.In almost all circumstances,host retinal innervation is restricted to these localized patches,but only those that are located adjacent to the graft surfa ce.Synapses are formed and there is evidence of functional drive.The only exception occurs when Schwann cells are added to dissociated tecta prior to reaggregation.In these co-grafts,the peripheral glia appear to compete with local target fa ctors and host retinal ingrowth is more widespread.Othe

关键词： axon regeneration differentiation embyronic grafts fetal tissue neural precursors retinotectal stem cells superior colliculus synaptogenesis transplantation

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照片中的人与宇宙 2020格林尼治天文台摄影大赛

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科学世界 2021年第4期 98-109页

作者： [法国]Nicolas Lefaudeux(摄影) [美国]Alan Friedman(摄影) [德国]Stefan Liebermann(摄影) [法国]Alain Paillou(摄影) [澳大利亚]Peter Ward(摄影) [美国]Connor Matherne(摄影) [德国]Thomas Kast(摄影) 竹原谅贵徐煜华(翻译) 不详

英国格林尼治皇家天文台主办的天文摄影大赛已迎来第12个年头。本届大赛从全世界收到了超过5000件作品。让我们和天文摄影师藤井旭先生一同欣赏这些获奖作品,从中领略遥远的星云、美丽的星空以及临近天体的震撼景象。

关键词：格林尼治摄影大赛天文台摄影师获奖作品

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抓拍宇宙精彩瞬间 2019格林尼天文台摄影大赛

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科学世界 2020年第3期 98-111页

作者： [英国]Ross Clark(摄影) [中国]李一鸣(摄影) [美国]Alan Friedman(摄影) [美国]Brandon Yoshizawa(摄影) [拉脱维亚]Ruslan Merzlyakov(摄影) [英国]Sam King(摄影) [澳大利亚]James Stone(摄影) [德国]Nicolai Brugger(摄影) 中野太郎徐煜华(翻译) 不详

英国格林尼治皇家天文台主办的天文摄影大赛,2019年收到了来自90个国家的4600多件作品。由于摄影器材和图片处理技术的进步,业余天文摄影的水平也在逐年提高。让我们和天文摄影师藤井旭先生一起欣赏2019年的获奖作品。

关键词：摄影大赛摄影器材格林尼治精彩瞬间摄影师天文台获奖作品

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An update on the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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Gastroenterology Report 2023年第1期11卷 60-77页

作者： Ali A.Alali alan N.Barkun Division of Gastroenterology Department of medicineFaculty of MedicineKuwait UniversityKuwait Division of Gastroenterology McGill University Health CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB)continues to be a common gastrointestinal emergency that carries significant morbidity and mortality.The epidemiology of UGIB has been changing over the last few decades with an overall decrease in peptic ulcer disease and increase in the prevalence of other etiologies including vascular lesions and malignancy.Appropriate risk assessment and patient stratification are crucial to ensuring that optimal care is delivered to patients and some risk assessment tools have shown excellent ability to define a low-risk group who can be managed as outpatients safely.Regardless of the etiology of UGIB,resuscitative interventions by primary care providers remain the most important initial measures to improve the outcome for patients including hemodynamic stabilization,an appropriate blood transfusion strategy,with or without acid-lowering agents,while also providing subsequent urgent endoscopic assessment and intervention.In addition,with increasing use of antithrombotic agents in clinical practice and its associated risk of bleeding,the management of such agents in the acute setting has become a real challenge to all physicians.In this article,we provide an up-to-date,evidence-based,practical review of recent changes and advances in UGIB with a focus on non-variceal etiologies.

关键词： UGIB peptic ulcer endoscopic hemostasis risk assessment antithrombotic

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Linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt binders and mixtures containing very high percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第8期17卷 1211-1227页

作者： Reza IMANINASAB Luis LORIA-SALAZAR alan CARTER Construction Engineering Department École de Technologie Supérieure(ÉTS)University of QuebecMontreal H3C 1K3Canada Civil Engineering Department Universidad Isaac NewtonSan José10108Costa Rica

The primary aim of this study is to correlate the impact of aggregates,if any,on the viscoelastic behavior of rejuvenated asphalt mixtures containing very high amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)(>50%).First,gradation of 100%RAP was rectified,using a modified Bailey method by adding virgin aggregates to achieve two coarse dense-graded and one fine dense-graded blends.Complex modulus test was then performed from−35 to+35℃and 0.01–10 Hz.In addition to performance grade(PG)testing,extracted and recovered binders from different asphalt mixtures underwent shear complex modulus test within−8℃to high temperature PG and frequencies from 0.001 to 30 Hz.Cole−Cole,Black space,complex modulus and phase angle master curves were constructed and ShiftHomothety-Shift in time-Shift(SHStS)transformation was used to compare the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt binders and mixtures.The influence of aggregates on the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures depends on temperature and/or frequency.The role of asphalt binders in the behavior of asphalt mixtures is more pronounced at high temperatures and the effect of the aggregate structure increases as the temperature falls.The maximum difference(60%to 70%)in the viscoelastic behavior of the binder and mixture based on SHStS transformed Cole−Cole curves is within the phase angle of 15°–20°.

关键词： RAP complex modulus SHStS transformation rejuvenation behavior of asphalt binder and mixture

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A novel method for determination of lethal radius for high-explosive artillery projectiles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第4期17卷 1217-1233页

作者： alan Catovic Elvedin Kljuno Mechanical Engineering Faculty(Defense Technology Department) University of SarajevoSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina Mechanical Engineering Faculty University of SarajevoSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina

A new model has been defined that enables the estimation of the lethal radius(radius of efficiency)of HE(High Explosive)artillery projectiles against human targets.The model is made of several modules:CAD(Computer Aided Design)modeling,fragment mass distribution estimation,fragment initial velocity prediction,fragment trajectory calculation,effective fragment density estimation,and high explosive projectile lethal radius estimation.The results were compared with the experimental results obtained based on tests in the arena used in our country,and the agreement of the results was good.This model can be used in any terminal-ballistics scenario for high explosive projectiles since it is general,parametric,fast and relatively easy to implement.

关键词： High explosive projectiles Lethal radius Fragments Modeling

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A case of phenibut withdrawal and treatment with baclofen

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第4期14卷 338-340页

作者： Michael Morris James Espinosa alan Lucerna Robin Lahr Department of Emergency Medicine Rowan University SOM/Jefferson StratfordNJ 08084USA Emergency Medicine Residency Program Director Rowan University SOM/Jefferson StratfordNJ 08084USA

Phenibut(β-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid)is a psychoactive gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)analog marketed online as a nutritional and nootropic(cognition enhancing)supplement.Phenibut consumption poses a high risk of potential abuse.Withdrawal from phenibut mimics benzodiazepine and alcohol withdrawal and can be dangerous.A number of approaches have been described for phenibut withdrawal,including protocols that include baclofen,but for inpatient and outpatient use.Here we describe a 30-year-old male who presented to an emergency department(ED)with insomnia,anxiety and palpitations after he stopped taking phenibut.

关键词： treatment withdrawal alcohol

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Nonprecsion (Standard) Psychosocial Interventions for the Treatment of Mental Disorders

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第4期24卷 457-473页

作者： alan E.Kazdin Department of Psychology Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut06520-8205USA

Advances in precision treatment promise to greatly improve the extent to which therapies for mental disorders are better matched to patient characteristics.At the same,we need to ensure that more readily disseminable and available nonprecison treatments are further developed as well.These treatments refer to standardized interven-tions that do not have to be individualized and are more readily available.Impetus for this call stems from the treatment gap,namely,the huge difference in the proportion of individuals who are in need of mental health services and who actually receive any form of treatment.The prevalence rates for mental disorders worldwide are high and in low-,middle-,and high-income countries and the vast majority of individuals in need of services receive none.To address the need,we need interventions that can reach large numbers of individuals and espe-cially target those individuals least likely to receive services.Standardized treatments that can be widely applied may be in a better position at present to reach people in need who otherwise receive no care.

关键词： Treatment of mental disorders nonprecision treatment closing the treatment gap

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Precise Electro-thermal Power Loss Model of a Three-level ANPC Inverter with Hybrid Si/SiC Switches

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2022年第3期8卷 76-89页

作者： Dereje Woldegiorgis H.alan Mantooth Department of Electrical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

Hybrid Si/SiC switches constituting a parallel connection of a lower current rated SiC MOSFET and a higher current rated Si IGBT are becoming very attractive solution for designing high frequency and high-power density power electronic converters.Due to the complementary nature of Si IGBT devices(smaller inverter cost and smaller conduction loss)and SiC devices(smaller switching loss and higher junction temperature capability),these novel switch device configurations enable a good tradeoff between cost and efficiency for high power converter applications.One such recent application of hybrid Si/SiC switches for efficiency-cost optimization is an Si/SiC hybrid switch based ANPC inverter proposed in Ref.[30].In Ref.[30]the topology structure,modulation strategy and the efficiency-cost benefits of the proposed ANPC inverter is presented.In this paper a precise electro-thermal power loss model for this ANPC inverter topology will be presented based on the modulation strategy of the inverter and the operating characteristics of the Si/SiC hybrid switches.The power loss model development takes into account how the current sharing between the two internal devices of the Si/SiC hybrid switches and their corresponding gate control method affects their power loss.A brief introduction to the topology structure and operation principle of the Si/SiC based ANPC inverter is first highlighted to provide context for readers and then a detailed description of the proposed electro-thermal power loss model is presented.The precision of the electro-thermal power loss model introduced in this paper is then validated using experimentally measured energy loss,device temperature and inverter efficiency data.

关键词： Cost reduction power loss model efficiency improvement ANPC inverter

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Magnesium: From fundamental research to future applications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第12期11卷 4357-4358页

作者： alan A.Luo Jiashi Miao The Ohio State University ColumbusOH 43210USA

Magnesium(Mg), the lightest structural metal and the eighth most abundant element on the earth's crust, has traditionally been used as an “industrial metal” in transportation, electronics, aluminum alloying, steel desulfurization, and protective anodes;and recently shown significant potential to become a “technology metal” in a variety of new applications from energy storage/battery to biomedical products [1].

关键词： alloying steel battery

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