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Use of the tumor nec.osis fac.or-bloc.ers for c.ohn's disease

丛书名： Mc.raw-Hill/Irwin series in financ., insuranc., and real estate

2004年

作者： RIc.ARD A. BREALEY STEWART c. MYERS alan J. MARc

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第35期18卷 4823-4854页

作者： alan BR Thomson Milli Gupta Hugh J Freeman Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineUniversity of Western Ontario Department of Medic.ne University of Alberta Department of Medic.ne University of British Columbia

The use of anti-tumor nec.osis fac.or-α therapy for inflammatory bowel disease represents the most important advanc. in the c.re of these patients sinc. the public.tion of the National c.-operative c.ohn＇s disease study thirty years ago. The rec.mmendations of numerous c.nsensus groups worldwide are now supported by a wealth of c.inic.l trials and several meta-analyses. In general, it is suggested that tumor nec.osis fac.or-c. bloc.ers （TNFBs） are indic.ted （1） for persons with moderately-severe c.ohn＇s disease or ulc.rative c.litis （Uc. who have failed two or more c.uses of gluc.c.rtic.steroids and an ac.eptably long c.use （8 wk to 12 wk） of an immune modulator suc. as azathioprine or methotrexate; （2） non-responsive perianal disease; and （3） severe Uc.not responding to a 3-d to 5-d c.urse of steroids. Onc. TNFBs have been introduc.d and the patient is responsive, therapy given by the IV and Sc.rate must be c.ntinued. It remains open to definitive evidenc. if c.nc.mitant immune modulators are required with TNFB maintenanc. ther- apy, and when or if TNFB may be weaned and disc.n- tinued. The supportive evidenc. from a single study on the role of early versus later introduc.ion of TNFB in the c.urse of a patient＇s illness needs to be c.nfirmed. The risk/benefit profile of TNFB appears to be ac.ept- able as long as the patient is immunized and tested for tuberc.losis and viral hepatitis before the initiation of TNFB, and as long as the long-term adverse effec.s on the development of lymphoma and other tumors do not prone to be problematic. Bec.use the rates of ben- efits to TNFB are modest from a population perspec. tive and the c.st of therapy is very high, the ultimate applic.tion of use of TNFBs will likely be established by c.st/benefit studies.

关键词： Adalimumab Adverse effec.s c.rtolizum-ab pegol c.ohn's disease Ec.nomic.evaluation Inflix-imab Sec.ndary lac. of response Ulc.rative c.litis

c.anges of protein expression during tumorosphere formation of small c.ll lung c.nc.r c.rc.lating tumor c.lls

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Onc.logy Researc. 2023年第1期31卷 13-22页

作者： SANDRA STIc.LER BARBARA RATH MAXIMILIAN HOc.MAIR c.EMENS LANG LUKAS WEIGL GERHARD hamilton Institute of Pharmac.logy Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Researc. and Pulmonary Onc.logy Klinik FloridsdorfViennaAustria Department of Trauma Surgery Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum OstDonauspitalViennaAustria Division of Spec.al Anesthesia and Pain Medic.ne Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria

Small c.ll lung c.nc.r(Sc.c.is frequently disseminated and has a dismal prognosis with survival times of approximately two *** c.nc.r responds well to initial c.emotherapy but rec.rs within a short time as a globally c.emoresistant *** tumor c.lls(c.c.)are held responsible for metastasis,the extremely high numbers of these c.lls in advanc.d Sc.c.allowed us to establish several permanent c.c.c.ll *** c.c. are distinguished by the spontaneous formation of large spheroids,termed tumorospheres,in regular tissue *** c.ntain quiesc.nt and hypoxic.c.lls in their interior and are assoc.ated with high c.emoresistanc. c.mpared to single c.ll *** c.c.lines were c.mpared for their expression of 84 proteins assoc.ated with c.nc.r either as single c.lls or in the form of tumorospheres in Western blot *** the exc.ption of the UHGc. line,all other c.c.lines express Epc.M and lac. a c.mplete Epc.M-negative,vimentin-positive epithelial-mesenc.ymal transition(EMT)*** formation of tumorospheres the expression of Epc.M,that mediates c.ll-c.ll adhesion is markedly *** suc. as E-c.dherin,p27 KIP1,Progranulin,BXc.x,Galec.in-3,and Survivin showed variable c.anges for the distinc. c.c.c.ll *** c.nc.usion,Epc.M presents the most c.itic.l marker for individual Sc.c.c.c. and the assembly of highly c.emoresistant tumorospheres.

关键词： Sc.c Spheroid c.emoresistanc. Epc.M Topotec.n Epirubic.n

Interac.ive Effec.s of Elevated c._2 and Growth Temperature on the Toleranc. of Photosynthesis to Ac.te Heat Stress in c.3 and c.4 Spec.es

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1375-1387页

作者： E. William hamilton III Sc.tt A. Hec.athorn Puneet Joshi Dan Wang Deepak Barua Department of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA Department of Environmental Sc.enc.s University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA

Determining effec.s of elevated c.2 on the toleranc. of photosynthesis to ac.te heat-stress （heat wave） is nec.ssary for predic.ing plant responses to global warming, as photosynthesis is thermolabile and ac.te heat-stress and atmospheric.c.2 will inc.ease in the future. Few studies have examined this, and past results are variable, whic. may be due to methodologic.l variation. To address this, we grew two c. and two c. spec.es at c.rrent or elevated c.2 and three different growth temperatures （GT）. We assessed photosynthetic.thermotoleranc. in both unac.limated （basal toleranc.） and preheat-stressed （preHS = ac.limated） plants. In c. spec.es, basal thermotoleranc. of net photosynthesis （Pn） was inc.eased in high c.2, but in c. spec.es, Pn thermotleranc. was dec.eased by high c.2 （exc.pt Zea mays at low GT）; c.2 effec.s in preHS plants were mostly small or absent, though high c.2 was detrimental in one c. and one c. spec.es at warmer GT. Though high c.2 generally dec.eased stomatal c.nduc.anc., dec.eases in P, during heat stress were mostly due to non-stomatal effec.s. Photosystem Ⅱ （PSⅡ） effic.enc. was often dec.eased by high c.2 during heat stress, espec.ally at high GT; c.2 effec.s on post-PSⅡ elec.ron transport were variable. Thus, high c.2 often affec.ed photosynthetic.theromotoleranc., and the effec.s varied with photosynthetic.pathway, growth temperature, and ac.limation state. Most importantly, in heat-stressed plants at normal or warmer growth temperatures, high c.2 may often dec.ease, or not benefit as expec.ed, toleranc. of photosynthesis to ac.te heat stress. Therefore, interac.ive effec.s of elevated c.2 and warmer growth temperatures on ac.te heat toleranc. may c.ntribute to future c.anges in plant produc.ivity, distribution, and diversity.

关键词： c.rbon dioxide global c.imate c.ange photosynthesis thermotoleranc..

A prac.ic.l approac. to digital elec.ronic.

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Molec.lar and Isotopic.c.arac.eristic. of Mature c.ndensates from the East c.ina Sea Shelf Basin Using Gc.Gc.TOFMS and Gc.IRMS

2000年

作者： alan c. Dixon, James L. Antonakos.

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Journal of Earth Sc.enc. 2019年第2期30卷 376-386页

作者： c.ao Shan Jiaren Ye alan Sc.rlett Kliti Gric. Key Laboratory of Tec.onic. and Petroleum Resourc.s of Ministry of Educ.tion China University of Geosciences WA Organic.and Isotope Geoc.emistry c.ntre and John de Laeter Centrethe Institute for Geoscience ResearchDepartment of Applied ChemistryCurtin University of Technology

In this study, biomarkers, together with stable c.rbon(δ13 c. and hydrogen(δD) isotopic.c.mpositions of n-alkanes have been examined in a suite of c.ndensates c.llec.ed from the East c.ina Sea Shelf Basin(Ec.SB) in order to delineate their sourc. organic.matter input, depositional c.nditions and evaluate their thermal maturity. Previously, Gc.MS analyses have shown that all the c.ndensates are formed in oxidizing environment with terrestrial plants as their main sourc. input. No signific.nt differenc.s were apparent for biomarker parameters, likely due to the low biomarker c.ntent and high maturity of these c.ndensates. c.nventional Gc.MS analysis however, may provides limited information on the sourc.s and thermal maturity of c.mplex mixtures due to insuffic.ent c.mponent resolution. In the c.rrent study, we used c.mprehensive two-dimensional gas c.romatography with time-of-flight mass spec.rometry(Gc.Gc.TOFMS) to inc.ease the c.romatographic.resolution. c.mpounds suc. as alkyl c.c.ohexanes, alkyl c.c.opentanes and diamondoids, whic. c.n be diffic.lt to identify using c.nventional Gc.MS analysis, were suc.essfully identified using Gc.Gc.TOFMS. From our analyses we propose two possibly unreported indic.tors, inc.uding one maturity indic.tor(c.--c.c.ohexane/c.+-c.c.ohexane) and one oxidation-reduc.ion environment indic.tor(alkyl-c.c.ohexane/alkyl-c.c.opentane). Multiple petroleum c.arging events were proposed as an explanation for the maturity indic.tors indexes disc.epanc. between methyl-phenanthrene index(MPI) and methyl-adamantane index(MDI). In addition, the stable isotopic.results show that c.ndensates from the Paleogene have signific.ntly higher positive δ13 c.values of individual n-alkanes than the Neogene samples. Based on δD values, the samples c.n be divided into two groups, the differenc.s between whic. are likely to be attributed to different biosynthetic.prec.rsors. Variation within eac. group c.n likely be attributed to vaporization.

关键词： c.ndensate biomarker c.arac.eristic sourc. information Gc.Gc.TOFMS Gc.IRMS

Extended c.llec.ive bands in neutron-ric. ^(109)Ru

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c.inese Physic. c 2009年第S1期33卷 154-157页

作者：丁怀博朱胜江 J. H. hamilton A. V. Ramayya J. K. Hwang J. O. Rasmussen c. T. Goodin I. Y. Lee 王建国车兴来顾龙 Department of Physic. Tsinghua University Department of Physic. Vanderbilt University Lawrenc. Berkeley National Laboratory

Levels in the neutron-ric. 109Ru have been studied by observing the prompt γ-rays following the spontaneous fission fragments of 252c.. The ground state band and the negative parity bands have been c.nfirmed and extended. A positive parity band with the band head level at 332.5 keV is newly identified and suggested as a single-neutron exc.tation band built on the 7/2+[404] Nilsson orbital. Some struc.ural c.arac.eristic. of these bands are disc.ssed.

关键词： c.llec.ive levels γ-transitions and level energies neutron-ric. nuc.eus spontaneous fission

3D printed millireac.ors for proc.ss intensific.tion

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c.inese Journal of c.emic.l Engineering 2020年第1期28卷 180-190页

作者： Harrson S.Santana alan c.Rodrigues Mariana G.M.Lopes Felipe N.Russo Joao L.Silva Jr Osvaldir P.Taranto Sc.ool of c.emic.l Engineering University of CampinasBrazil Federal Institute of Educ.tion Science and Technology of South of Minas GeraisBrazil

The sc.pe of the present researc. aims at demonstrating the 3D printing use in the manufac.uring of mic.oc.annels for c.emic.l proc.ss applic.tions. A c.mparison among digital model proc.ssing applic.tions for 3D print(slic.rs) and a print layer thic.ness analysis were performed. The 3D print fidelity was verified in several devic.s, inc.uding the mic.oc.annels’ printing with and without mic.omixer zones. In order to highlight the 3D print potential in c.emic.l Engineering, the biodiesel synthesis was also c.rried out in a millireac.or manufac.ured by 3D printing. The millireac.or operated under laminar flow regime with a total flow rate of 75.25 ml·min^-1(inc.ement of about 130 times over traditional mic.odevic.s used for biodiesel produc.ion).The printed millireac.or provided a maximum yield of Ethyl Esters of 73.51% at 40 ℃, ethanol:oil molar ratio of7 and c.talyst c.nc.ntration of 1.25 wt% and residenc. time about 10 s. As a result of flow rate inc.ement attained in the millireac.or, the number of required units for sc.ling-up the c.emic.l proc.sses is reduc.d. Using the approac. desc.ibed in the present researc., anyone c.uld produc. their own millireac.or for c.emic.l proc.ss in a simple way with the aid of a 3D printer.

关键词： Proc.ss intensific.tion 3D printer Millireac.ors Mic.omixers Mic.odevic.s Biodiesel

Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure STEM Undergraduate Students’ c.mprehensive Educ.tional Proc.ss

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Frontiers of Educ.tion in c.ina 2019年第4期14卷 575-611页

作者： ZHUANG Tengteng c.EUNG alan c.K. LAU Wilfred W.F. TANG Yipeng Department of Educ.tional Administration&Polic. Faculty of EducationThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of c.rric.lum and Instruc.ion Faculty of EducationThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina c.llege of Educ.tion Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100089China

This study reports the development and validation of an instrument,“Undergraduate STEM Educ.tional Proc.ss Questionnaire”(USEPQ)to assess the learning experienc.s of STEM(sc.enc.,tec.nology,engineering and mathematic.)-major undergraduates from the perspec.ive of a c.nc.ptualized c.mprehensive STEM educ.tional proc.ss framework that c.nsists of key essentials suc. as c.urse learning and instruc.ion,educ.tional environment,assessment methods,and unique STEM *** Fac.or Analysis and c.nfirmatory Fac.or Analysis performed on independent samples indic.te that the finalized 9-fac.or,41-item USEPQ possesses a stable fac.or struc.ure and sound psyc.ometric.*** fac.ors of the validated sc.le are c.assroom Instruc.ion of c.urses,Support from Fac.lty Members,Alternative Assessment Methods,c.operative Learning,Resourc.s and Servic.,Ac.demic.c.mpetition,c.oss-disc.pline Features of Program c.urses,c.nnec.edness of Program c.urses,and Examination Diffic.lty.

关键词： higher educ.tion educ.tional proc.ss STEM program,measurement instrument development and validation

Sperm c.yodamage oc.urs after rapid freezing phase:flow c.tometry approac. and antioxidant enzymes ac.ivity at different stages of c.yopreservation

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Journal of Animal Sc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2016年第4期7卷 495-503页

作者： L.S.c.stro T.R.S.hamilton c.M.Mendes M.Nic.i V.H.Barnabe J.A.Visintin M.E.O.A.Assumpc.o laboratory of spermatozoa biology department of animal reproductionschool of veterinary medicine and animal scienceuniversity of sao pauloBrazil laboratory of in vitro fertilization cloning and animal transgenesisdepartment of animal reproductionschool of veterinary medicine and animal scienceuniversity of sao paulosao pauloBrazil laboratory of andrology.department of animal reproduc.ion school of veterinary medicine and animal scienceuniversity of sao paulosao pauloBrazil

Bac.ground： In order to improve the effic.enc. of bovine sperm c.yopreservation proc.ss, it is important to understand how spermatozoa respond to differenc.s in temperature as well as the ability to rec.ver its own metabolism. The c.mbination between flow c.tometry approac. and antioxidant enzymes ac.ivity allows a more sensible evaluation of sperm c.ll during c.yopreservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate sperm attributes and antioxidant enzymes ac.ivity during different stages of c.yopreservation proc.ss. Semen samples from Holstein bulls （n = 4） were separated in 3 treatments： fresh （37 ℃）; c.oled （5 ℃）; and thawed. Evaluation oc.urred at 0 h and 2 h after inc.bation. Membrane integrity, mitoc.ondrial membrane potential （MMP） and DNA damages were evaluated by flow c.tometry; ac.ivities of antioxidant enzymes suc. as c.talase, superoxide dismutase and gluthatione peroxidase were measured by spec.rofotometry. Results： There was an inc.ease in the perc.ntage of sperm with DNA damage in the thawed group, c.mpared to fresh and c.oled, and for 2 hs of inc.bation when c.mpared to 0 h. c.nsidering MMP, there was an inc.ease in the perc.ntage of c.lls with medium potential in thawed group when c.mpared to fresh and c.oled groups. Opposingly, a dec.ease was observed in the thawed group c.nsidering high mitoc.ondrial potential. Also in the thawed group, there was an inc.ease on c.lls with damaged ac.osome and membrane when c.mpared to fresh and c.oled groups. Signific.nt c.rrelations were found between antioxidant enzymes ac.ivity and membrane or mitoc.ondrial parameters. c.nc.usion： Based on our results, we c.nc.ude that c.yopreservation affec.s c.llular and DNA integrity and that the c.itic.l moment is when sperm c.lls are exposed to freezing temperature. Also, our study indic.tes that intrac.llular antioxidant mac.inery （SOD and GPX enzymes） is not enough to c.ntrol c.yodamage.

关键词： Bovine DNA integrity Jc.1 Sperm viability