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The Reliability of the Prowler in High School Male Football Players

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Journal of Sports Science 2016年第4期4卷 183-188页

作者： Granite Tano alan bishop Mike Climstein Mark DeBeliso Department of Physical Education and Human Performance Southern Utah University Cedar City UT 84720 USA Athletics Department Utah State University Logan UT84322 USA Exercise Health & Performance Faculty Research Group Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia

Horizontal plane muscular power output is important in sports such as football especially for down lineman who must engage an opponent and push them for a number of yards. The Prowler resistance sled is a commonly used apparatus that aids in the development of horizontal plane muscular power output. However, there is limited documentation regarding the Prowler＇s role as a strength and conditioning training modality as well as its potential use as an assessment tool for measuring horizontal plane muscular power output. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the Prowler sled push in High School male football players. High School male football players （n = 16） performed two trials of the Prowler sled push 91 kilograms （200 pounds） for a distance of 9.1 meters （10 yards）. Each trial was timed with a handheld stop watch with a 2-3 minute rest period between trials. The trial 1 and 2 scores were 5.14 ±0.95 and 5.15 ±0.88 seconds respectively. The interclass and intraclass reliability coefficients were r = 0.93 and ICC = 0.93. The standard error of the measure was SEre = 0.25 seconds with 90% confidence limits Of UL： 0.36, LL： 0.20. The mean difference between trials was 0.01 ±0.36 seconds （90% confidence limits Of UL： 0.17, LL： -0.14）. Within the parameters of this study, the Prowler sled push is a highly reliable field test for measuring horizontal plane muscular power output.

关键词： Reliability Prowler football high school.

Post Activation Potentiation in North American High School Football Players

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Journal of Sports Science 2016年第6期4卷 346-352页

作者： Granite Tano alan bishop Joe Beming Kent J. Adams Mark DeBeliso Department of Physical Education and Human Performance Southern Utah University Cedar City UT 84720 USA Athletics Department Utah State University Logan UT84322 USA New Mexico State University Department of Kinesiology and Dance New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003 USA California State University Monterey Bay Kinesiology Department Seaside CA 93955 USA

Post activation potentiation （PAP） is an acute enhancement of muscular power production resulting fi＇om a high intensity potentiating exercise. Practical applications of the PAP phenomena as a warmup strategy are the focus of ongoing research. This study compared the effects of a dynamic and a PAP warm up strategy on speed and horizontal plane muscular power output. High School male football players （n = 16） participated in a repeated measures cross over design study consisting of 3 testing days. Day 1： one repetition maximum （1-RM） back squats were established. Day 2： half of the participants completed a dynamic warmup consisting of dynamic movements （ex. high knees, butt kickers, frog jumps, cherry pickers, lateral slide, karaokes, back pedal） while the other half of the participants performed a PAP warmup consisting of back squats culminating in a set of 4 repetitions at 85% of 1-RM. Following the warmups （4-minutes）, the participants performed 3 trials of a weighted sled push 91 kilograms （200 pounds） over a 9.1 meter （10 yards） linear path. Following the sled pushes, the participants then performed three trials of 18.2 meter （20 yards） sprints. Day 3： participants crossed over with respect to the warmup procedures and again performed the three sled push and sprint trials. Dependent t-tests were used to compare the sled push and sprint times between warm up conditions. Both the 18.2 meter sprint （P 〈 0.01） and the 91 kilogram sled push （P 〈 0.01） showed a significant improvement when PAP was utilized as a warmup, rather than the dynamic warmup. Within the parameters of the study, it is concluded that PAP as a warm up strategy enhances sprint ability and horizontal plane muscular power output.

关键词： PAP Prowler football high school.

一份极有价值的关于华人数学教育的著作——评《华人如何学习数学:局内者之研究》

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数学教育学报 2005年第2期14卷 100-102页

作者：艾伦.毕晓普莫纳什大学

《华人如何学习数学:局内者之研究》是一本从不同情景和角度出发,研究关于华人学生的数学教学的指南.全书分4个部分,20章,574页.它的出版表明数学教育可以从对相关国家在数学测试中的各自表现提出一些简单的问题进入一些更具挑战性和更... 详细信息

《华人如何学习数学:局内者之研究》是一本从不同情景和角度出发,研究关于华人学生的数学教学的指南.全书分4个部分,20章,574页.它的出版表明数学教育可以从对相关国家在数学测试中的各自表现提出一些简单的问题进入一些更具挑战性和更有意义的研究领域.

关键词：数学教育华人著作价值数学教学研究领域挑战性学生

Comparison of Transtympanic and Extratympanic Electrocochleography

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013年第5期2卷 160-164页

作者： alan K. Dobbs Wesley W. O. Krueger Sheryl bishop Ear Institute of Texas San Antonio USA University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston USA

Electrocochleography (ECoG) has been an important tool in the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease or endolymphatic hydrops. There are two methods employed, transtympanic and extratympanic. Many have regarded the results of these methods as being equally reliable. The purpose of this study is to determine any differences in sensitivity between the two methods. In this study patients with known endolymphatic hydrops or Meniere’s disease underwent ECoG testing with both the extratympanic method and the transtympanic method on the same day in the same ear. The results show a significant difference between the two methods, with the transtympanic wave values being smaller and therefore more sensitive than the extratympanic method. In addition, transtympanic ECoG resulted in better waveform morphology and better correlation with the audiometric findings in endolymphatic hydrops and Meniere’s disease. The results emphasize the superior role of transtympanic ECoG over extratympanic ECoG as a valuable component in the confirmation of Meniere’s disease or endolymphatic hydrops along with history and audiometric findings characteristic of the disease. Implications of the study promote the use of transtympanic ECoG rather than extratympanic ECoG in patients with symptoms suggestive of Meniere’s disease or endolymphatic hydrops.

关键词： Meniere’s Disease Endolymphatic Hydrops Transtympanic Electrocochleography Extratympanic Electrocochleography ECoG

History and conservation of wild and cultivated plant diversity in Uganda： forest species and banana varieties as case studies

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植物分类与资源学报 2016年第1期38卷 26-52页

作者： alan C. Hamilton Deborah Karamura Esezah Kakudidi Honorary Professor Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Heilongtan Kunming 650201 China Bioversity International Uganda Office PO Box 24384 Kampala Uganda Department of Botany Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala Uganda

The history of wild and cultivated plant diversity in Uganda is reviewed,taking forest species and bananas as examples. Palynological research into past human influences on forests is reassessed. The evidence suggests that crops were first introduced into the country at about 1,000 BCE,farming communities practicing slash and burn agriculture started to significantly influence the floristic composition of forests during the 1st millennium BCE and there was a major episode of forest reduction at about 1,000 CE related to socio-economic change. Bananas were probably introduced in the early centuries CE. The colonial era from 1894 saw the introduction of new concepts of land ownership and the establishment of forest reserves and agricultural stations. Forests and banana diversity are currently under threat,Uganda having a very high rate of deforestation and endemic banana varieties proving susceptible to introduced pests and diseases. It is suggested that,under these circumstances,conservationists take an opportunistic approach to field engagement,making use of favourable local conditions as they arise. Partnerships should be sought with elements of society concerned with sustainable use,provision of ecosystem services and cultural survival to widen the social base of plant conservation. International organisations involved in conservation of plant genetic resources and wild plant species should collaborate with one another to develop the conceptual basis of plant conservation,to make it more relevant to countries like Uganda.

关键词：植物学植物分类植物生态学植物演化

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澳大利亚当前数学教育研究概说

数学通报 2001年第4期40卷 35-36,25页

作者：曹中军 alan J 河南大学数学系 475001 bishop Monash University

澳大利亚的数学教育是一个很活跃的研究领域.主要表现为有全国性的数学教育研究组织,研究力量分布广泛,研究课题多样,并能获得一定的研究基金等.本文试图将澳大利亚当前的数学教育研究做一概述.

关键词： AAMT 课程设置种族数学研究基金教育刊物澳大利亚数学教育研究研究组织 MERGA