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Extreme Temperature Trends in the Beninese Niger River Basin (Benin)

American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第4期10卷 371-385页

作者： Yarou Halissou alamou adéchina eric Obada Ezéchiel Biao Ibukun Eliézer Chaire Internationale de Physique Mathématique et Application (CIPMA—CHAIRE UNESCO) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin Laboratoire de Géoscience de l’Environnement et Application (LaGEA/UNSTIM) Abomey Benin Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Travaux Publics (ENSTP) Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Génie Mathématique et Modélisation Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin

In the context of climate change, the study of the variability of the climatic extremes in several regions of the world is of capital importance. This study has as main objective to analyze the variability of extreme temperature events in the Beninese basin of the Niger River for the recent and the near future. To achieve this objective, seven (07) extreme temperature indices based on historical daily temperature observations (1976 to 2019) and REMO RCM simulation outputs of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios (2021-2050) were calculated. The obtained results were represented by calculating the means for each index and analyzing the trends and their significance by the Mann-Kendall method. The results show that the indices of extreme temperature intensity (TNn, TXx, and DTR), and those related to the frequency of warm sequences (WSDI, TN90p and TX90p) have experienced a significant increase in the past. This increase will continue until 2050. In contrast, the cold sequence frequency index (CSDI) decrease over the historical period as well as over the future period. These indices show much more change with the RCP8.5 scenario than with the RCP4.5 of the REMO climate model. Only the TXx and CSDI indices show statistically significant changes at all stations.

关键词： Temperatures Extreme Climatic Variations Beninese Niger River Basin

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An Automatic Optimization Technique for the Calibration of a Physically Based Hydrological Rainfall-Runoff Model

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第3期9卷 1-20页

作者： Zohou Pierre Jérôme alamou adéchina eric Obada Ezéchiel Biao Iboukoun Eliézer Eugène C. Ezin Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Informatiques et Applications (LRSIA) UAC Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire d’Hydrologie Appliquée (LHA) UAC Abomey-Calavi Bénin Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM) Abomey Bénin

Models are tools widely used in the prediction of hydrological phenomena. The present study aims to contribute to the implementation of an automatic optimization strategy of parameters for the calibration of a hydrological model based on the least action principle (HyMoLAP). The Downhill Simplex method is also known as the Nelder-Mead algorithm, which is a heuristic research method, is used to optimize the cost function on a given domain. The performance of the model is evaluated by the Nash Stucliffe Efficiency Index (NSE), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the coefficient of determination (R2), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). A comparative estimation is conducted using the Nash-Sutcliffe Modeling Efficiency Index and the mean relative error to evaluate the performance of the optimization method. It appears that the variation in water balance parameter values is acceptable. The simulated optimization method appears to be the best in terms of lower variability of parameter values during successive tests. The quality of the parameter sets obtained is good enough to impact the performance of the objective functions in a minimum number of iterations. We have analyzed the algorithm from a technical point of view, and we have carried out an experimental comparison between specific factors such as the model structure and the parameter’s values. The results obtained confirm the quality of the model (NSE = 0.90 and 0.75 respectively in calibration and validation) and allow us to evaluate the efficiency of the Nelder-Mead algorithm in the automatic calibration of the HyMoLAP model. The developed hybrid automatic calibration approach is therefore one of the promising ways to reduce computational time in rainfall-runoff modeling.

关键词： Optimization HyMoLAP Automatic Calibration Validation Nelder-Mead Algorithm

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Comparison of Two Recurrent Neural Networks for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling in the Zou River Basin at Atchérigbé (Bénin)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 167-181页

作者： Iboukoun Eliézer Biao Oscar Houessou Pierre Jérôme Zohou adéchina eric alamou National School of Mathematical Engineering and Modeling National University of Sciences Technology Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin LaGEA National School of Public Works National University of Sciences Technology Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin International Chair of Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA-UNESCO Chair) University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bnin

Hydrological models are developed to simulate river flows over a watershed for many practical applications in the field of water resource management. The present paper compares the performance of two recurrent neural networks for rainfall-runoff modeling in the Zou River basin at Atchérigbé outlet. To this end, we used daily precipitation data over the period 1988-2010 as input of the models, such as the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Recurrent Gate Networks (GRU) to simulate river discharge in the study area. The investigated models give good results in calibration (R2 = 0.888, NSE = 0.886, and RMSE = 0.42 for LSTM;R2 = 0.9, NSE = 0.9 and RMSE = 0.397 for GRU) and in validation (R2 = 0.865, NSE = 0.851, and RMSE = 0.329 for LSTM;R2 = 0.9, NSE = 0.865 and RMSE = 0.301 for GRU). This good performance of LSTM and GRU models confirms the importance of models based on machine learning in modeling hydrological phenomena for better decision-making.

关键词： Supervised Learning Modeling Zou Basin Long and Short-Term Memory Gated Recurrent Unit Hyperparameters Optimization

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Extreme Temperature Trends in the Beninese Niger River Basin (Benin)

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American Journal of Climate Change（美国气候变化期刊） 2021年第4期

作者： Yarou Halissou alamou adéchina eric Obada Ezéchiel Biao Ibukun Eliézer

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History and Projection of Hydrological Droughts in the Benin Basin of the Niger River (Benin)

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Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 2022年第2期5卷 33-51页

作者： Yarou Halissou alamou adéchina eric Biao Iboukoun Eliézer Obada Ezéchiel Tore Daniel Bio Afouda Abel International Chair of Mathematical Physics and Applications(ICMPA-UNESCO CHAIRE) University of Abomey-Calavi(UAC)CotonouBenin National School of Public Works(ENSTP) National University of SciencesTechnologiesEngineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)AbomeyBenin National School of Mathematical Engineering and Modeling(ENSGMM) National University of SciencesTechnologiesEngineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)AbomeyBenin Laboratory of Environmental Geoscience and Application(LaGEA/UNSTIM) Benin Applied Hydrology Laboratory(LHA) University of Abomey-Calavi(UAC)CotonouBP4521Benin West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and adapted Land Use(WASCAL) GRP Climate Change and Water ResourcesUniversity of Abomey-Calavi(UAC)Abomey-CalaviBP2008Benin

In the context of a changing climate,the Beninese Niger River basin has been the focus of several research studies for the quantification,planning,and modeling of water and related resources for sustainable *** research aims to characterize the historical(1976-2019)and projected(2021-2050)hydrological drought of the Beninese Niger River *** study used daily observations of rainfall,maximum and minimum temperatures,runoff rates and simulations of HIRHAM and REMO RCMs from fifteen(15)rainfall stations installed around the *** uses standardized streamflow indices(SDI)at 12-month and 36-month time *** results show that the calculated SDI indices show,on average,for all the model scenarios used,chronological trends of *** increases are not significant(are of the order of 0.00001 per year).The analysis of the SDI indices shows that,on average,the hydrological droughts in the Beninese basin of the Niger River will increase at 36 months and decrease at 12 months of the *** fact,these small variations of hydrological droughts will be accompanied by the increase of their duration and the decrease of their mag*** droughts detected in the Benin basin of the Niger River during the historical period will continue until 2050 in the same range but with more extended drought *** should be noted that most of the changes observed in the calculated and analyzed indices are not significant.

关键词： Hydrological Drought SDI Beninese Niger river basin

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Sensing nanoscale electromagnetic forces when the heat is on

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 64-65页

作者： eric O.Potma Department of Chemistry University of California

In scanning probe microscopy(SPM),a sharp tip scans across a sample to produce an image with nanometer-scale resolution or better. SPM contrast is derived from the physical interplay between the tip and the sample. A special class of SPM techniques measures forces when the tip–sample junction is illuminated by an external light source. Photo-induced forces can be sensitive to the optical properties of the sample, thus enabling nanoscale imaging with spectroscopic,material-specific contrast.

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Multidimensional images and aberrations in STEM

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： eric R.Hoglund Andrew R.Lupini Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)have led to increased development of multidimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction *** interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same *** state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images,such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam ***,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective ***,we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contributions of pre-and post-sample *** consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.

关键词： scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) aberrations

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Taxonomy,distribution,and contemporary exposure of terrestrial mammals to floods and human pressure across different areas for biodiversity conservation in china

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 458-467页

作者： Roman SHARNUUD eric I.AMECA MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science&Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Climate Change Specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland

A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic ***,the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly *** on terrestrial mammals in china,one of the world’s megadiverse countries,we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes,namely,national nature reserves(NNRs),priority areas for biodiversity conservation(PABCs),and key biodiversity areas(KBAs).Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods,327(∼75%)also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human *** species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera,Eulipotyphla,and ***,there were 305,311,and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs,PABCs,and KBAs,*** findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in china,considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.

关键词： conservation floods human pressure mammals taxonomy

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Larval development and voracity of Eupeodes americanus (Diptera: Syrphidae): comparison of the focal prey Aphis gossypi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the banker prey Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 575-586页

作者： Arlette Fauteux Antonio Onofre Soares eric Lucas Laboratoire de lutte biologique Departement des sciences biologiquesUniversite du Quebec a Montreal(UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada Faculty of Science and Technology Center for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesAzorean Biodiversity Group(cE3c-ABG)&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstitutePonta DelgadaPortugal

Unlike European species,the potential of Nearctic syrphids as biological control agents is still poorly ***,the American hoverfly,Eupeodes americanus(Wiedemann),has recently demonstrated promising traits as a biocontrol agent,notably against the foxglove aphid,Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach,on *** present study aims to extend our knowledge of the American hoverfly by evaluating its potential as a biocontrol agent in a banker plant system against the melon aphid,Aphis gossypi Glover,in a greenhouse cucumber *** preimaginal development and voracity of *** were compared when preying upon the focal prey/pest(***)or the banker prey(bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi L.)by daily observations of larvae from egg to *** development time,survival rate,and occurrence of deformation were similar on both prey *** weight of third instar and pupae,however,was higher for larvae that fed on the banker *** ad libitum voracity of the syrphid larvae was generally very high and did not significantly differ between prey species,except for the third-instar larvae which consumed more focal *** suggest that a banker plant system involving the bird cherry-oat aphid may be a promising tactic for utilizing *** for melon aphid biocontrol.

关键词： american hoverfly banker plant system biological control bird cherry-oat aphid greenhouse cucumber melon aphid

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Opto-fluidically multiplexed assembly and micro-robotics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 544-554页

作者： Elena Erben Weida Liao Antonio Minopoli Nicola Maghelli eric Lauga Moritz Kreysing Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden 01307Germany Center for Systems Biology Dresden 01307Germany Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Biological Information Processing.Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of CambridgeCambridge CB30WAUK

Techniques for high-definition micromanipulations,such as optical tweezers,hold substantial interest across a wide range of ***,their applicability remains constrained by material properties and laser *** while microfluidic manipulations have been suggested as an alternative,their inherent capabilities are limited and further hindered by practical challenges of implementation and *** we show that the iterative application of laser-induced,localized flow fields can be used for the relative positioning of multiple micro-particles,irrespectively of their material *** to the standing theoretical proposal,our method keeps particles mobile,and we show that their precision manipulation is non-linearly accelerated via the multiplexing of temperature stimuli below the heat diffusion *** resulting flow fields are topologically rich and mathematically *** represent unprecedented microfluidic control capabilities that are illustrated by the actuation of humanoid micro-robots with up to 30 degrees of freedom,whose motions are sufficiently well-defined to reliably communicate personal characteristics such as gender,happiness and *** results constitute high-definition micro-fluidic manipulations with transformative potential for assembly,micro-manufacturing,the life sciences,robotics and optohydraulically actuated micro-factories.

关键词： manipulation fluid assembly

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