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Effectiveness of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as an Early Warning Tool to Detect SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

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Health 2024年第7期16卷 635-656页

作者： Rakib Ahmed Chowdhury Daniel E. Meeroff Sumaiya Sharmin alamgir Kabir Sara Hollenbeck Valerie Dalencourt Thu Nguyen Zack Farmer Frederick Bloetscher Waseem Asghar Stacey Volnick College of Engineering and Computer Science Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL USA

Medical diagnostic tests to detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) for individuals in the United States were initially limited to people who were traveling or symptomatic to track disease incidence due to the cost of providing testing for all people in a community on a routine basis. As an alternative to randomly sampling large groups of people to track disease incidence at significant cost, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a well-established and cost-effective technique to passively measure the prevalence of disease in communities without requiring invasive testing. WBE can also be used as a forecasting tool since the virus is shed in individuals prior to developing symptoms that might otherwise prompt testing. This study applied the WBE approach to understand its effectiveness as a possible forecasting tool by monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 levels in raw wastewater sampled from sewer lift stations at a large public university campus setting including dormitories, academic buildings, and athletic facilities. The WBE analysis was conducted by sampling from building-specific lift stations and enumerating target viral copies using RT-qPCR analysis. The WBE results were compared with the 7-day rolling averages of confirmed infected individuals for the following week after the wastewater sample analysis. In most cases, changes in the WBE outcomes were followed by similar trends in the clinical data. The positive predictive value of the applied WBE approach was 86% for the following week of the sample collection. In contrast, positive correlations between the two data with Spearmen correlation (rs) ranged from 0.16 to 0.36. A stronger correlation (rs = 0.18 to 0.51) was observed when WBE results were compared with COVID-19 cases identified on the next day of the sampling events. The P value of 0.007 for Dorm A suggests high significance, while moderate significance was observed for the other dormitories (B, C, and D). The outcomes of this in

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Detection Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE)

Assessment of Physico-Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sugarcane Juice Sold by Street Vendors in Three Regions of Bangladesh

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 263-276页

作者： Nargis Akter Khan Md. Murtaja Reza Linkon Munni Akter Md. alamgir Hossain Md. Mahbubur Rahman Tayeba Khan Md. Abdul Alim Md. Esrafil Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh

Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, PH, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, PH, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 105 - 43.6 × 105 cfu/ml, 4.6 × 105 - 21.6 × 105 cfu/ml and 3.6 × 105 - 36.6 × 105 cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 104 cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 105 - 6.4 × 105 cfu/ml, 0.6 × 105 - 8.4 × 105 cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 105 cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 105 - 56.5 × 105 cfu/ml, 21.5 × 105 - 54.5 × 105 cfu/ml and 32.5 × 105 - 68.5 × 105 cfu/

关键词： Sugarcane Street Vendors Microbial Quality Reducing Sugar

Experimental investigation of evaporative cooling systems for agricultural storage and livestock air-conditioning in Pakistan

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 617-631页

作者： Hafiz M.U.Raza Muhammad Sultan Majid Bahrami alamgir A.Khan Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityBosan RoadMultan 60800Pakistan Laboratory for Alternative Energy Conversion(LAEC) School of Mechatronic Systems EngineeringSimon Fraser UniversitySurreyBCCanada Department of Agricultural Engineering Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University ofAgricultureMultan 60000Pakistan

Evaporative cooling(EC)is an ancient technique that is usually suitable for hot and dry climatic conditions due to the potential of water vapor *** this study,three kinds of evaporative cooling systems such as direct EC(DEC),indirect EC(IEC),and Maisotsenko cycle EC(MEC)were locally developed at *** performance of the systems was evaluated and compared for agricultural storage and livestock air-conditioning application in *** experiments were performed for climatic conditions of Multan city(Pakistan)and the data were collected for hourly and daily *** to the results,it was observed that the DEC system has the ability to reduce the temperature of ambient air to an average of 8.5℃.Whilst IEC and MEC systems were able to drop the temperature of ambient air to an average of 6.8℃and 8.9℃,*** per the results,the DEC system remained behind to provide desired conditions for livestock and agricultural product storage applications due to excessive *** the other hand,the IEC and MEC systems can achieve the desired conditions for livestock application,but could not provide feasible conditions for various fruits and vegetable *** study concludes that hybrid EC systems can be developed to provide desired conditions for a wide range of applications under varying climatic conditions.

关键词： evaporative cooling air-conditioning dew-point wet-bulb storage livestock

Improved luminescence and photocatalytic properties of Sm^(3+)-doped ZnO nanoparticles via modified sol-gel route:A unified experimental and DFT+U approach

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第4期41卷 550-560页

作者： Sikder Ashikuzzaman Ayon Sajjad Hasan Md Muktadir Billah Sadiq Shahriyar Nishat alamgir Kabir Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka1000Bangladesh Department of Physics Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka1000Bangladesh Department of Materials Science&Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute(RPI)NY12180USA Department of Physics University of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh

In the current study,a modified sol-gel route was used to produce undoped and Sm^(3+)doped(1 mol%,3 mol%and 5 mol%)ZnO nanoparticles(NPs).The study of opto-structural properties of Sm^(3+)doped NPs was carried out both experimentally and *** dissolution of Sm^(3+)ions into the ZnO lattice is obviously seen from X-ray diffraction(XRD)*** evolution with doping was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)was carried out to confirm the prese nce of Sm~(3+)on the doped *** dopant quantity results in a redshift of the NPs along with a reduction in bandgap with increasing abso rption in the visible range,and a minimum of 3.18 eV of optical bandgap for Zn_(0.97)Sm_(0.03)O is *** spectroscopy reveals a drop in the recombination rate of electron-hole with increasing doping content till 3 mol%,followed by an increase of Zn_(0.95)Sm_(0.05)*** electron-hole pair recombination is revealed by the orange band in the luminescence *** analysis was also carried out with density functional theory(DFT).This work also unfolds the fundamental understanding of the structural properties of the synthesized NPs to enhance photocatalytic activity ***,photocatalytic activity for the optimum composition,i.e.,3 mol%,was assessed experimentally.

关键词： Samarium XPS Recombination rate Photocatalytic First principle Defect state

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An Eigenspace Method for Detecting Space-Time Disease Clusters with Unknown Population-Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1945-1953页

作者： Sami Ullah Nurul Hidayah Mohd Nor Hanita Daud Nooraini Zainuddin Hadi Fanaee-T alamgir Khalil Department of Fundamental&Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri Iskandar32610PerakMalaysia Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research(CAISR) Halmstad UniversityHalmstadSE-30118Sweden Department of Statistics University of PeshawarPakistan

Space-time disease cluster detection assists in conducting disease surveillance and implementing control *** state-of-the-art method for this kind of problem is the Space-time Scan Statistics(SaTScan)which has limitations for non-traditional/non-clinical data sources due to its parametric model assumptions such as Poisson orGaussian *** this problem,an Eigenspace-based method called Multi-EigenSpot has recently been proposed as a nonparametric ***,it is based on the population counts data which are not always available in the least developed *** addition,the population counts are difficult to approximate for some surveillance data such as emergency department visits and over-the-counter drug sales,where the catchment area for each hospital/pharmacy is *** extend the population-based Multi-EigenSpot method to approximate the potential disease clusters from the observed/reported disease counts only with no need for the population *** proposed adaptation uses an estimator of expected disease count that does not depend on the population *** proposed method was evaluated on the real-world dataset and the results were compared with the population-based methods:Multi-EigenSpot and *** result shows that the proposed adaptation is effective in approximating the important outputs of the population-based methods.

关键词： Space-time disease clusters Eigenspace method nontraditional data sources nonparametric methods

Response of Rice to Insect Elicitors and the Role of OsJAR1 in Wound and Herbivory-Induced JA-lle Accumulation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第8期55卷 775-784页

作者： Kaori Fukumoto Kabir Md alamgir Yuko Yamashita Izumi C.Mori Hideyuki Matsuura Ivan Galis Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama University Division of Applied Bioscience Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido University

Plants produce jasmonic acid （JA） and its amino acid conjugate, jasmonoyI-L-isoleucine （JA-Ile） as major defense signals in response to wounding and herbivory. In rice （Oryza sativa）, JA and JA-Ile rapidly increased after mechanical damage, and this increase was further amplified when the wounds were treated with oral secretions from generalist herbivore larvae, lawn armyworms （Spodoptera mauritia）, revealing for the first time active perception mechanisms of herbivore-associated elicitor（s） in rice. In the rice genome, two OsJAR genes can conjugate JA and lie and form JA-Ile in vitro; however, their function in herbivory- induced accumulation of JA-Ile has not been investigated. By functional characterization of TOS17 retrotransposon-tagged Osjarl plants and their response to simulated herbivory, we show that OsJAR1 is essential for JA-Ile production in herbivore-attacked, field-grown plants. In addition, OsJAR1 was required for normal seed development in rice under field conditions. Our results suggest that OsJAR1 possesses at least two major functions in rice defense and development that cannot be complemented by the additional OsJAR2 gene function, although this gene previously showed overlapping enzyme activity in vitro.

关键词： JAR enzyme jasmonate signaling jasmonic acid jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine rice Oryza sativa.

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Space-Time Cluster Analysis of Accidental Oil Spills in Rivers State, Nigeria, 2011–2019

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 3065-3074页

作者： Sami Ullah Hanita Daud Nooraini Zainuddin Sarat CDass alamgir Khalil Hadi Fanaee-T Ilyas Khan Department of Fundamental&Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Heriot-Watt University Malaysia62200PutrajayaMalaysia Department of Statistics University of PeshawarPakistan Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research(CAISR) Halmstad UniversityHalmstadSweden Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City72915Vietnam

Oil spills cause environmental pollution with a serious threat to local communities and sustainable *** oil spills can be modelled as a stochastic process where each oil spill event is described by its spatial locations and incidence-time and hence allow for space-time cluster *** cluster analysis can detect space-time pattern distribution of oil spills which can be useful for implementing preventive measures and evidence-based decision *** study aims to detect the space-time clusters of accidental oil spills in Rivers state,Nigeria through the Space-time Scan *** Space-time Scan Statistic was applied under the permutation model to the oil spill data(each for sabotage and operational oil spills)collected at Local Government Area(LGA)-level during the period from 2011 to *** results show that the sabotage oil spill clusters have covered most of the LGAs in the southern part of the state at the start of the study period and then in 2018–2019,it moved to the west covering a single *** operational oil spill clusters covered two neighboring LGAs in the *** addition,the temporal cluster of sabotage oil spills was seen in 2019 and operational oil spills in 2011–*** sabotage oil spills show an increasing trend with the maximum in 2019 while the operational oil spills show a decreasing trend with the minimum in *** findings assist in more effective decision-making for combating the environmental problems and controlling the future spill incidence in the cluster-regions.

关键词： Oil spills space-time clusters SaTScan^(™) permutation model Nigeria

Measurement of Plasma Parameters of Calcium and Silicon in a Rock Sample Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

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光谱学与光谱分析 2017年第10期37卷 3266-3269页

作者： Uzma G M.Junaid Khalid alamgir T Samina Department of Physics University of Wah NINVAST National Centre of PhysicsQuaid-e-Azam University

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopic(LIBS)technique was used to detect calcium and silicon in an unknown *** this method plasma was generated by Nd∶YAG laser of wavelength 1 064 nm with energy 400 mJ and pulse duration between 5~*** method was applied for the qualitative as well as quantitative *** the qualitative analysis,the electron number density(Ne)of plasma containing calcium and silicon is determined showing that Neof neutral particles is equivalent to 1016(cm-3)whereas for ionized particles it is 1017(cm-3).Plasma temperature is measured using Boltzmann plot method which must be greater than 10 000 *** ratio method is used for the quantitative analysis shows various elements in abundance with calcium and silicon in majority.

关键词： LIBS Plasma parameter Quantitative analysis Qualitative analysis

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Ambiguity Resolution in Direction of Arrival Estimation with Linear Antenna Arrays Using Differential Geometry

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 581-599页

作者： alamgir Safi Muhammad Asghar Khan Fahad Algarni Muhammad Adnan Aziz M.Irfan Uddin Insaf Ullah Tanweer Ahmad Cheema Department of Electronic Engineering ISRA UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Hamdard Institute of Engineering&Technology Islamabad44000Pakistan College of Computing and Information Technology University of BishaBishaSaudi Arabia Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatPakistan

Linear antenna arrays(LAs)can be used to accurately predict the direction of arrival(DOAs)of various targets of interest in a given ***,under certain conditions,LA suffers from the problem of ambiguities among the angles of targets,which may result inmisinterpretation of such *** order to cope up with such ambiguities,various techniques have been ***,none of them fully resolved such a problem because of rank deficiency and high computational *** aimed to resolve such a problem by proposing an algorithm using differential *** proposed algorithm uses a specially designed doublet antenna array,which is made up of two individual linear *** angle observation models,ambiguous observation model(AOM)and estimated observation model(EOM),are derived for each individual *** ambiguous set of angles is contained in the AOM,which is obtained from the corresponding array elements using differential *** EOM for each array,on the other hand,contains estimated angles of all sources impinging signals on each array,as calculated by a direction-finding algorithm such as the genetic *** algorithm then contrasts the EOM of each array with its AOM,selecting the output of that array whose EOM has the minimum correlation with its corresponding *** comparison to existing techniques,the proposed algorithm improves estimation accuracy and has greater precision in antenna aperture selection,resulting in improved resolution capabilities and the potential to be used more widely in practical *** simulation results using MATLAB authenticates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Antenna array direction of arrival ambiguity resolution doublet antenna array ambiguous observation model estimated observation model