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Dynamics of oil price shocks and stock market behavior in Pakistan:evidence from the 2007 financial crisis period

Financial Innovation 2017年第1期3卷 25-36页

作者： Khalil Jebran Shihua Chen Gohar Saeed alam zeb School of Accounting Dongbei University of Finance and EconomicsDalianChina School of Business Administration Dongbei University of Finance and EconomicsDalianChina PARD(Pakistan Academy of Rural Development) PeshawarPakistan Department of Management Studies University of MalakandMalakandPakistan

Background:The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the oil price and its volatility on the stock market of Pakistan before and after the 2007 financial crisis ***:The analyses are carried out on daily data for the period from July 31,2000 to July 31,*** study uses several econometric techniques for the analyses,namely,the Johansen-Juselius cointegration test,generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity(GARCH)model,exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity(EGARCH)model,variance decomposition method,and impulse response ***:The results of the cointegration method indicate a significant long-run association between stock market and oil prices in the pre-crisis *** EGARCH model shows that oil price returns have a significant effect on stock market returns in both sub-periods,while the result for the GARCH model is significant only in the postcrisis *** find a significant effect of oil price volatility on the stock market in both sub-periods from the GARCH ***,the EGARCH model shows an asymmetric effect of oil price volatility on the stock market in the pre-crisis *** decomposition shows that stock market variations are mostly explained by ***,the impulse response function results show that oil price shocks affected the stock market adversely in the pre-crisis period but positively in the postcrisis ***:This study suggests that economic policymakers and investors should consider the oil price as an important factor affecting stock market returns.

关键词： Oil price shocks EGARCH GARCH Financial crises Pakistan

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CORM-2-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes ameliorate acute skin inflammation in an ear edema model via effective CO delivery

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第12期10卷 2362-2373,2440页

作者： Gwan-Yeong Lee alam zeb Eun-Hye Kim Beomseon Suh Young-Jun Shin Donghyun Kim Kyoung-Won Kim Yeong-Hwan Choe Ho-Ik Choi Cheol-Ho Lee Omer Salman Qureshi In-Bo Han Sun-Young Chang Ok-Nam Bae Jin-Ki Kim College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyHanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Republic of Korea Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Riphah International UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Pharmacy Forman Christian CollegeLahore 54600Pakistan Department of Neurosurgery CHA Bundang Medical CenterSchool of MedicineCHA UniversitySeongnam 13496Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea

The short release half-life of carbon monoxide(CO)is a major obstacle to the effective therapeutic use of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2(CORM-2).The potential of CORM-2-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes(CORM-2-UDLs)to enhance the release half-life of CO and alleviate skin inflammation was investigated in the present ***-2-UDLs were prepared by using soy phosphatidylcholine to form lipid bilayers and Tween 80 as an edge *** deformability of CORM-2-UDLs was measured and compared with that of conventional liposomes by passing formulations through a filter device at a constant *** release profile of CO from CORM-2-UDLs was evaluated by myoglobin *** vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of CORM-2-UDLs were assessed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and TPA-induced ear edema model,*** deformability of the optimized CORM-2-UDLs was 2.3 times higher than conventional ***-2-UDLs significantly prolonged the release half-life of CO from 30 s in a CORM-2 solution to 21.6 ***-2-UDLs demonstrated in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing nitrite production and pro-inflammatory cytokine ***,CORM-2-UDLs successfully ameliorated skin inflammation by reducing ear edema,pathological scores,neutrophil accumulation,and inflammatory cytokines *** results demonstrate that CORM-2-UDLs could be used as promising therapeutics against acute skin inflammation.

关键词： Carbon monoxide CORM-2 Anti-inflammatory effect Ultradeformable liposomes Skin inflammation Ear edema

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Implications of electrode modifications in aqueous organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 499-510,I0011页

作者： Zahid Manzoor Bhat Mohammad Furquan Muhammad Aurang zeb Gul Sial Umair alam Atif Saeed Alzahrani Mohammad Qamar Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management(IRC-HTCM) King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals(KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Department of Materials Science and Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems(IRC-SES) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries(RFBs)exhibit favorable characteristics,such as tunability,multielectron transfer capability,and stability of the redox active molecules utilized as anolytes and catholytes,making them very viable contenders for large-scale grid storage *** attention has been paid on the development of efficient redox-active molecules and their performance optimization through chemical substitutions at various places on the backbone as part of the pursuit for high-performance *** the fact that electrodes are vital to optimal performance,they have not garnered significant *** research has been conducted on the effects of electrode modifications to improve the performance of *** primary emphasis has been given on the impact of electrode engineering to augment the efficiency of aqueous organic *** overview of electron transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface is *** implications of electrode modification on the performance of redox flow batteries,with a particular focus on the anodic and cathodic half-cells separately,are then *** each section,significant discrepancies surrounding the effects of electrode engineering are thoroughly examined and ***,we have presented a comprehensive assessment along with our perspectives on the future trajectory.

关键词： Redox flow batteries Electrode modification Organic redox molecules Outer sphere and inner sphere

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Energy Metabolism and Allocation in Selfish Immune System and Brain: A Beneficial Role of Insulin Resistance in Aging

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 64-80页

作者： Ali Almajwal Iftikhar alam Falak zeb Sadia Fatima Clinical Nutrition Department of Community Health Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Bacha Khan University Charsadda Charsadda Pakistan Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China Department of Biochemistry Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University Peshawar Pakistan

There is relatively limited knowledge concerning our understanding of how our immune system and brain take most of the available energy in a selfish manner to compensate for their own needs on priority in high energy demanding situations. The main objective of this review is to understand the energy allocation to immune system and brain in infections and/or fight or flight situations. The immune system and brain behave in a selfish manner as they allocate themselves majority of the total available energy. Insulin resistance (IR) is used as a tool for energy allocation by these systems. The immune system is activated as a response to stress and infection. Similarly, the brain gets activated as a response to any external environmental impulse, anxiety, and/or mental factor. These situations need to be dealt in a way to minimize their adverse health effects. The immune system and the brain in such situations need enormous energy for activation which is derived from the energy quota otherwise allocated to other organs. This maximum flux of energy towards these systems is achieved by making rest of the organs less responsive to insulin, a condition known as IR. As immune system and brain do not depend upon insulin for uptake of glucose, these systems are benefited from IR. IR is indicated as a beneficial role ensuring maximum energy allocation to these systems for improving health and well-being.

关键词： Selfish Immune System Selfish Brain Energy Balance Insulin Resistance

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