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Investigation of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of fouled ballast

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2013年第4期14卷 244-255页

作者： Yu-jun CUI Trong Vinh DUONG Anh Minh TANG Jean-Claude DUPLA Nicolas CALON alain robinet Laboratoire Navier/CERMES Ecole des Ponts ParisTechBlaise PascalCité DescartesChamps-sur-Marne 77455 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex-France French National Railway Company 93574La Plaine St DenisFrance

In this study,a fouled ballast taken from the site of Sénissiat,France,was *** the hydraulic behaviour,a large-scale cell was developed allowing drainage and evaporation tests to be carried out with monitoring of both suction and volumetric water content at various positions of the *** was observed that the hydraulic conductivity of fouled ballast is decreasing with suction increase,as for common unsaturated *** effect of fines content was found to be *** the mechanical behaviour,both monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests were carried out using a large-scale triaxial *** water contents were *** results were interpreted in terms of shear strength and permanent axial *** appeared that the water content is an important factor to be accounted for since any increase of water content or degree of saturation significantly decreases the shear strength and increases the permanent *** modelling has been attempted based on the experimental *** model in its current state is capable of describing the effects of stress level,cycle number and water content.

关键词： Fouled ballast Degree of saturation Hydraulic behaviour Mechanical behaviour Fines content Constitutive modelling

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Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第2期5卷 132-142页

作者： Christelle robinet alain ROQUES National Institute for Agricultural Research INRA UR633OrléansFrance

Effects of recent climate change have already been detected in many species,and,in particular,in *** present paper reviews the key impacts of global warming on insect development and *** effects of climate change appear to be much more complex than a simple linear response to an average increase in *** can differ between seasons and bioclimatic *** flight periods,enhanced winter survival and acceleration of development rates are the major insect *** response of insects and hosts to warming up might also lead to disruption of their phenological synchrony,but adaptive genetic processes are likely to quickly restore this *** a number of cases,warming results in removing or relocating the barriers that limit present species’*** is also likely to facilitate the establishment and spread of invasive alien ***,knowledge gaps are identified and future research interests are suggested.

关键词： adaptation alien species climate warming phenology range distribution

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