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Cardiac Surgery at Yaoundé General Hospital by a Local Team: Activity Report from September 2022 to January 2024

World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第6期14卷 87-94页

作者： Laurence Carole Ngo Yon Charles Mve Mvondo Hermann Nestor Tsague Kengni Zephanie Kobe Fokalbo Sépolin Lowe Mireille Dakleu alain Patrick Menanga William Ngatchou Djomo Vincent De Paul Djientcheu Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Yaound General Hospital Yaound Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound Yaound Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound Yaound Cameroon

Introduction: The practice of cardiac surgery (CS) in sub-Saharan Africa faces a number of challenges. We report on the surgical activities of the first 17 months of the program launched at the Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH), describing the types of interventions and the early results. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including patients who underwent CS from September 2022 to January 2024 at the YGH. Clinical, operative and postoperative data were collected and analysed retrospectively by R software. Results: A total of 37 patients underwent CS during the study period, divided into 23 (62.2%) open-heart and 14 (37.8%) closed-heart cases. Males predominated (sex ratio 1.17). The median age and interquartile range (IQR) were 36 years (9 - 51). Isolated valve surgery, in 15 (40.5%) cases, was the most common procedure in open-heart surgery cases. Closed-heart surgery involved closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in 9 (24.3%) cases, coronary artery bypass grafting in 3 (8.1%) cases, and pericardectomy in 2 (5.4%) cases. The median duration of extracorporeal circulation and aortic cross-clamping was 101 min (IQR 84 - 143) and 74 min (IQR 54 - 112) respectively. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 2 hours (IQR 2 - 3). The median intensive care unit stay and median hospital stay were 2 days (IQR 2 - 3) and 7 days (IQR 5 - 8) respectively. Operative mortality was 2 (5.4%). Conclusion: Cardiac surgery remains a major challenge for African populations. The early results achieved by the local team are satisfactory. An increase in surgical activity should be strongly encouraged to facilitate local training and ensure the sustainability of the activity.

关键词： Cardiac Surgery Sub-Saharan Africa Cameroon

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Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test, Boson Biotech SARS CoV-2 Ag, for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Gabon

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 469-477页

作者： Samira Zoa Assoumou Ulrich Leger Davy Mouangala Ludovic Mewono Davy-Christ Angoune Ndong Guy Paterne Malonga Mbembo Nely Meungang alain Moutsinga Elvyre Anita Mbongo Kama Rodrigue Mintsa Nguema Dpartement de Bactriologie-Virologie Universit des Sciences de la Sant Libreville Gabon Laboratoire Professeur Daniel Gahouma Libreville Gabon Departement des Sciences de la vie et de la Terre Ecole Normale Suprieure Libreville Gabon Centre de sant de Glass Libreville Gabon Laboratoire National de Sant Publique Libreville Gabon Dpartement de Biologie et Ecologie Animale Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Libreville Gabon Laboratoire dEcologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT) Universit Libreville Nord (ULN) Libreville Gabon

1) Background: Rapid and acurate diagnostic testing for case identification, quarantine, and contact tracing is essential for managing the COVID 19 pandemic. Rapid antigen detection tests are available, however, it is important to evaluate their performances before use. We tested a rapid antigen detection of SARS-CoV-2, based on the immunochromatography (Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test (Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., China)) and the results were compared with the real time reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (Gold standard) results;2) Methods: From November 2021 to December 2021, samples were collected from symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals referred for testing in a hospital during the second pandemic wave in Gabon. All these participants attending “CTA Angondjé”, a field hospital set up as part of the management of COVID-19 in Gabon. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected in all the patients, one for Ag test and the other for RT-PCR;3) Results: A total of 300 samples were collected from 189 symptomatic and 111 asymptomatic individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 82.5% [95%CI 73.8 - 89.3] and 97.9 % [95%CI 92.2 - 98.2] respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy was 84.4% (95% CI: 79.8 - 88.3%). The antigen test was more likely to be positive for samples with RT-PCR Ct values ≤ 32, with a sensitivity of 89.8%;4) Conclusions: The Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test has good sensitivity and can detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among symptomatic individuals with low viral load. This test could be incorporated into efficient testing algorithms as an alternative to PCR to decrease diagnostic delays and curb viral transmission.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Diagnostic Test Evaluation COVID-19 Antigen Performance

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Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Management in Eastern DR Congo. About 55 Cases Were Collected from January 2002 to December 2016 Panzi General Referral Hospital

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第4期15卷 179-189页

作者： Bafunyembaka Muka alain Kitumaini Munyahali John Ciruza Balegana Jean-Claude Lobe Lottin Michel Luhiriri Ndanda Levi Kavira Isse Somo Prisca Amisi Mangaza Emilie Alumeti Munyali Desire Ahuka Ona Longombe Albert Department of Surgery H.G.R Panzi/Universit&#233 Evang&#233liqueen Afrique Bukavu DR Congo

A retrospective study was conducted at the HGR de Panzi in eastern DR Congo to determine the profile of colorectal cancer (CRC) management based on 55 cases out of 129 digestive cancers diagnosed in the digestive surgery, endoscopy, and pathology department of the HGR de Panzi from January 2002 to December 2016. The prevalence of CRC was 42.6%. The mean age of patients was 50.8 years, with a range of 20 to 81 years. The male to female ratio was 2.2. In 69.1% of cases, the patients had a low socioeconomic status, and 52.7% had a history of hemorrhoids. Rectorrhagia revealed CCR in 49.1% of cases. The mode of discovery was predominantly emergency in 69.1% of cases, and 58.20% of CRCs were diagnosed by an initial endoscopy of the lower colon. Adenocarcinoma was found in 94.5% of cases, and 45% of cases required abdominoperineal amputation. Various postoperative complications were experienced by 54.5% of patients, and 25.5% of patients died. To decrease the occurrence of these types of cancers, it is necessary to focus on early detection in the population and enhance access to primary healthcare for everyone.

关键词： Assessment Management Colorectal Cancer

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The Guianese population of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima is unicolonial

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 739-745页

作者： alain Lenoir Severine Devers Axel Touchard alain Dejean lRBI Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'lnsecte UMR CNRS 7261 Universite Francois Rabelais 37200 Tours CNRS Ecologie des Forets de Guyane (UMR CNRS 8172) Campus agronomique BP 316 97379 Kourou cedex Universite de Toulouse UPS INP Ecolab 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse and CNRS Ecolab (UMR-CNRS 5245) 31062 Toulouse France

In this study, conducted in French Guiana, a part of the native range of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima, we compared the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of media workers with previous results based on intraspecific aggressiveness tests. We noted a strong congruence between the two studies permitting us to delimit 2 supercolonies extending over large distances （up to 54 kin）, a phenomenon known as unicoloniality. Solenopsis geminata workers, taken as an out-group for cluster analyses, have a very different cuticular hydrocarbon profile. Because S. saevissima has been reported outside its native range, our conclusion is that this species has the potential to become invasive because unicoloniality （i.e., the main attribute for ants to become invasive） was shown at least for the Guianese population.

关键词： biological invasions cuticular hydrocarbons fire ants unicoloniality

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Supervised Learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 346-368页

作者： Armand Ndedy Bile alain Mpouam Benoit Fouadjio Lorette Guedeu Kambale Muhesi Steve Tassiamba Paulette Kouam Eric Wete Marius Ela Michèle Yimga Joseph Ambara Louis Aimé Fono Jean Lagarde Betti Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Wood and Forest Sciences ISABEE University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Department of Water and Forests Higher Institute of Agronomic Veterinary and Forestry Studies of Butembo Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biology and Plant Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Deutsche Gresellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) Bertoua Cameroon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.

关键词： Prunus africana Prostate Quota Mass Model Sustainable Management

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Impact of Drops on Non-wetting Biomimetic Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第4期6卷 330-334页

作者： alain Merlen Philippe Brunet Institut d'Electronique de Microelectronique et Nanotechnologie IEMN Universite des sciences et technologies de Lille1UMR CNRS 8520Avenue Poincare BP 6006959652 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedexFrance

We have carried out an experimental study of liquid drop impact on superhydrophobic substrates covered by a carpet of chemically coated *** micro-structure of the surface is similar to some biological ones(Lotus leaf for example).In this situation the contact angle can then be considered as equal to 180 degrees,with no *** to its initial inertia,the drop experiences a flattening phase after it hits the surface,taking the shape of a *** it reaches its maximal lateral extension,the drop begins to retract and bounces *** have extracted the lateral extension of the drop,and we propose a model that explains the *** find a limit initial velocity beyond which the drop protrudes into the nano-wire *** discuss the relevance of practical issues in terms of self-cleaning surfaces or spray-cooling.

关键词： superhydrophobic surfaces drop impact

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Atomic-scale structural signature of dynamic heterogeneities in metallic liquids

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 179-188页

作者： alain Pasturel Noel Jakse University Grenoble Alpes CNRSGrenoble INPSIMaPF-38000 GrenobleFrance

With sufficiently high cooling rates,liquids will cross their equilibrium melting temperatures and can be maintained in a metastable undercooled state before *** of undercooled liquids reveal several intriguing dynamic phenomena and because explicit connections between liquid structure and liquids dynamics are difficult to identify,it remains a major challenge to capture the underlying structural link to these *** initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulations are yet especially powerful in providing atomic-scale details otherwise not accessible in *** the AIMD-based study of Cr additions in Al-based liquids,we evidence for the first time a close relationship between the decoupling of component diffusion and the emergence of dynamic heterogeneities in the undercooling *** addition,we demonstrate that the origin of both phenomena is related to a structural heterogeneity caused by a strong interplay between chemical short-range order(CSRO)and local fivefold topology(ISRO)at the short-range scale in the liquid phase that develops into an icosahedral-based medium-range order(IMRO)upon ***,our findings reveal that this structural signature is also captured in the temperature dependence of partial pair-distribution functions which opens up the route to more elaborated experimental studies.

关键词： structural dynamic signature

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Transforming growth factor-β and fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第22期13卷 3056-3062页

作者： Franck Verrecchia alain Mauviel INSERM U697 Paris 75010 France

Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）, a prototype of multifunctional cytokine, is a key regulator of extracellular matrix （ECM） assembly and remodeling. Specifically, TGF-β isoforms have the ability to induce the expression of ECM proteins in mesenchymal cells, and to stimulate the production of protease inhibitors that prevent enzymatic breakdown of the ECM. Elevated TGF-β expression in affected organs, and subsequent deregulation of TGF-β functions, correlates with the abnormal connective tissue deposition observed during the onset of fibrotic diseases. During the last few years, tremendous progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular aspects of intracellular signaling downstream of the TGF-β receptors. In particular, Smad proteins, TGF-β receptor kinase substrates that translocate into the cell nucleus to act as transcription factors, have been studied extensively. The role of Smad3 in the transcriptional regulation of type I collagen gene expression and in the development of fibrosis, demonstrated both/n vitro and in animal models with a targeted deletion of Smad3, is of critical importance because it may lead to novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying Smad modulation of fibrillar collagen expression and how it relates to fibrotic processes.

关键词： Collagen Connective tissue growth factor Fibrosis Smad Transforming growth factor-β

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Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第2期5卷 132-142页

作者： Christelle ROBINET alain ROQUES National Institute for Agricultural Research INRA UR633OrléansFrance

Effects of recent climate change have already been detected in many species,and,in particular,in *** present paper reviews the key impacts of global warming on insect development and *** effects of climate change appear to be much more complex than a simple linear response to an average increase in *** can differ between seasons and bioclimatic *** flight periods,enhanced winter survival and acceleration of development rates are the major insect *** response of insects and hosts to warming up might also lead to disruption of their phenological synchrony,but adaptive genetic processes are likely to quickly restore this *** a number of cases,warming results in removing or relocating the barriers that limit present species’*** is also likely to facilitate the establishment and spread of invasive alien ***,knowledge gaps are identified and future research interests are suggested.

关键词： adaptation alien species climate warming phenology range distribution

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Vulnerable window of yield strength for swelling-driven fracture of phase-transforming battery materials

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1162-1171页

作者： Ataollah Mesgarnejad alain Karma Center for Inter-disciplinary Research on Complex Systems Department of PhysicsNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA

Despite numerous experimental and theoretical investigations of the mechanical behavior of high-capacity Si and Ge Li-ion battery anodes,our basic understanding of swelling-driven fracture in these materials remains *** theoretical studies have provided insights into elasto-plastic deformations caused by large volume change phase transformations,but have not modeled fracture explicitly beyond Griffith’s ***,we use a multi-physics phase-field approach to model self-consistently anisotropic phase transformation,elasto-plastic deformation,and crack initiation and propagation during lithiation of Si *** computational results reveal that fracture occurs within a“vulnerable window”inside the two-dimensional parameter space of yield strength and fracture energy and highlight the importance of taking into account the surface localization of plastic deformation to accurately predict the magnitude of tensile stresses at the onset of *** further demonstrate how the increased robustness of hollow nanopillars can be understood as a direct effect of anode geometry on the size of this vulnerable *** insights provide an improved theoretical basis for designing next-generation mechanically stable phasetransforming battery materials undergoing large volume changes.

关键词： fracture strength deformation

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