Managing familial pancreatic cancer(FPC)is challenging for gastroenterologists,surgeons and ***-risk individuals(HRI)for pancreatic cancer(PC)(FPC or with germline mutations)are a heterogeneous group of subjects with ...
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Managing familial pancreatic cancer(FPC)is challenging for gastroenterologists,surgeons and ***-risk individuals(HRI)for pancreatic cancer(PC)(FPC or with germline mutations)are a heterogeneous group of subjects with a theoretical lifetime cumulative risk of PC over 5%.Screening is mainly based on annual magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS).The goal of screening is to identify early-stage operable cancers or high-risk precancerous lesions(pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia or intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with high-grade dysplasia).In the literature,target lesions are identified in 2%-5%of HRI who undergo *** appears to provide better identification of small solid lesions(0%-46%of HRI)and chronicpancreatitis-like parenchymal changes(14%-77%of HRI),while MRI is probably the best modality to identify small cystic lesions(13%-49%of HRI).There are no specific studies in HRI on the use of contrast-enhanced harmonic *** can also be used to obtain tissue ***,there is still limited evidence on the accuracy of imaging procedures used for screening or agreement on which patients to *** cost-effectiveness of screening is also *** new EUS-related techniques,such as searching for DNA abnormalities or protein markers in pancreatic fluid,appear to be promising.
2008年,这一刻,我们的地球怎样了?《明日风尚》在内地华文媒体之中,首先取得《法国世界外交论衡月刊》(Le Monde Diplomatique)特别授权,辑录了该国际性月刊今年推出的"世界地图集",以大量地图和图表,向华文读者展现我们地球的最新状况...
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2008年,这一刻,我们的地球怎样了?《明日风尚》在内地华文媒体之中,首先取得《法国世界外交论衡月刊》(Le Monde Diplomatique)特别授权,辑录了该国际性月刊今年推出的"世界地图集",以大量地图和图表,向华文读者展现我们地球的最新状况。地球明显盛载着战争、疾病、贫穷、疯狂和环境破坏。我们从"天视"的角度去俯瞰地球,不出我们所料,地球形势叫人不安。深海水产遭到可以装下整座巴黎铁塔的渔网的无情扫荡。森林采伐、疯狂贸易,进一步导致地球气温攀升。水源匮乏进入了五十年倒数的灾难阶段。紧接着令人忧心忡忡的基因改造生物技术,这年头,我们又迎来了"微不足道"同时危险莫测的"纳米科技"。文明国家可以联合起来做些什么吗?对不起,我们发现国际上普遍存在企业环保责任的"司法空白"。跨国企业一方面牟取暴利肆意破坏环境,一方面展开"伪绿色宣传",为企业形象"整容"。原来"国有国法,家有家规"之外,我们并没有一条"地球法"。"生物多样性"正呈现明显衰退,远古出现过五次大规模生物灭绝,现在我们是否已踏进第六波生物灭绝?下一页,你将从"地球人视角"看到宏观的世界。——编者——
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