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Removal of Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles from Surface Water by Conventional Treatment Processes

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2019年第2期8卷 21-35页

作者： Hafiz H. m. salih Amro m. El Badawy Thabet m. Tolaymat Craig L. Patterson Illinois State Geological Survey University of Illinois Champaign Illinois USA Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) San Luis Obispo California USA US Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati Ohio USA

Engineered nanomaterials are used in many applications, including pollution sensors, photovoltaics, medical imaging, drug delivery and environmental remediation. Due to their numerous applications, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are receiving a large amount of attention. Ag NPs may occur in drinking water sources either during manufacturing, consumption and/or disposal processes. This potentially leads to the presence of Ag NPs in finished drinking water, which could have public health impacts. The objective of this research was to investigate the removal of several types of stabilized Ag NPs by potable water treatment processes. Specifically, this research achieved these objectives through: 1) Synthesis of Citrate-reduced Ag NPs, Polyvinylpyrrolidone stabilized (PVP) Ag NPs and Branched polyethyleneimine stabilized (BPEI) Ag NPs, 2) Characterization of synthesized Ag NPs to determine their aggregation potential, Zeta potential profiles, (pHpzc) and obtain morphological data from SEm images, and 3) An evaluation of the efficacy of conventional water treatment processes (i.e., coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration) in removing stabilized Ag NPs from natural water. The three NPs were found to be stable at the nano size in natural water. Alum coagulation had no impact on the PVP and BPEI Ag NPs. Flocculation and settling were found to be key steps for removal of these NPs. The three Ag NPs were not permanently removed by means of conventional water treatment processes employed in this study.

关键词： Silver Nanoparticles Drinking Water Water Treatment Ag Nano Particle

Using of GIS Spatial Analyses to Study the Selected Location for Dam Reservoir on Wadi Al-Jirnaf, West of Shirqat Area, Iraq

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第2期4卷 117-127页

作者： Sabbar Abdulla salih Abdul Salam mehdi Al-Tarif Natural Resources Research Center University of Tikrit Tikrit Iraq

The GIS data of digital elevation model, topographic maps of different scales, satellite images and GPS were used to analyze the geometrical relations, bathometric properties and shape form of selected depressions on Al-Jirnaf valley. GIS was used to analyze the hydromorphometry and geometry of the depressions, these analyses explain the role of main valley’s contribution to the hydrology of the valley, then, three locations for water storage were suggested. 2D and 3D models of the sites were given, the maximum level, volume, surface area, circumference, shape factor of three supposed reservoirs calculated for different hypothetical levels of water in the reservoir, and the optimal level were determined, the maximum suggested levels are 190, 185 and 180 m, the areas are 3.25, 7.97 and 20.47 km2, the volumes are 0.0096, 0.0334 and 0.1118 km3 for the three locations respectively. This experimental procedure can be repeated in other depressions for the same purpose.

关键词： GIS Spatial Analysis Geometry Dam Reservoir Iraq

Isolation of Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacteria from Urinary Tract Infected Patients

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Open Journal of medical microbiology 2016年第2期6卷 59-65页

作者： mahmood K. salih Nizar I. Alrabadi Karkaz m. Thalij Ali S. Hussien Department of Biology College of Education for Pure Sciences Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Jerash University Jerash Jordan Department of Biology Iraqi University Baghdad Iraq

This study investigated the susceptibility pattern of different bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection to different antibiotics. 83 uropathogen bacteria were isolated from 300 urine samples taken from patients attended to Tikrit Teaching Hospital from march, 2011 through February, 2012. The patients were males and females aged between 4 days to 95 years. Bacteria obtained from urine samples were cultured and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 kinds of antibiotics. Urine samples were cultured on different media and incubated, thereafter bacteria were isolated and purified by streaking four times on the same media;isolates were identified depending on morphological, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics. The isolated strains of bacteria were tested for their susceptibility to some antibiotics using disk diffusion method. The antagonistic activity was evaluated by observing a clear zone of inhibition growth. The results showed that the bacterial species of Eschericia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter diversus, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Yersinia pestis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca and Hafnia alvei were identified in 44 (53%), 18 (21.7%), 4 (4.8%), 4 (4.8%), 3 (3.6%), 3 (3.6%), 3 (3.6%), 2 (2.4%), 1 (1.2%) and 1 (1.2%), respectively, of the isolates. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 83 (100%) isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Rifampicin and Erythromycin. 75 (90.3%) isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime, 67 (80.7%) isolates were resistant to Tobramyci. 66 (79.5%), 65 (78.3%), 56 (67.4%) and 48 (57.8%) isolates showed susceptibility to Nalidixic acid, Tetracycline, Nitrofurantoin, Chloramphenicol, respectively. 45 (54.2%) isolates were resistant to Azithromycin, Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. meropenem, Gentamicin, Amikacin, and Imipenem show significant effect on 35 (42.1%), 32 (38.5%), 27 (32.5%) and 1 (1.2%) isolates, respectively. In conclusion, signif

关键词： Urinary Tract Infections Antibiotics Bacteria Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test

Comparative Study of the Static magnetic Field Effects on Growth Rate with Relative Antibiotic Susceptibility in Escherichia coli

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第7期7卷 690-694页

作者： Fouad Houssein Kamel Ashti m. Amin Khonaw Kader salih Saleem S.Qader medical Technical Institute University of Polytechnic Erbil PO box 44001 Iraq

We studied the biological effects of different magnetic fields. Identified bacterial strain Escherichia coli （type I） has been exposed to the dipolar magnetic field force （400, 800, 1200 and 1600 Gausses） which prepared locally with incubation for different period times （24, 48 and 72 hrs） at 37℃. The effects were evaluated by optical density （OD） at 600 nm determining their growth density incorporation with negative control and depending of mcFarland turbidity standard （0.5）, in addition to its susceptibility to various antibiotics. Results illustrate different forces of magnetic field decreased the growth rate of E. coli in particular at 24 hrs incubation comparing with unexposed or control samples. The magnetic field increased the logarithmic phase within 4-6 hrs of treatment but decreased after 16 to 18 hrs. Furthermore, changes in the antibiotic sensitivity were observed after exposure period of 6 hrs since E. coli cells became more sensitive to certain antibiotics. While after a 16 hrs exposure period, it became more resistant to the same antibiotics comparing with control groups.

关键词： magnetic field bacteria optical density Escherichia coli antibiotic susceptibility.

Therapeutic Evaluation of 2% Tea Lotion in Comparison with 5% Zinc Sulfate Solution in the Treatment of Acne Rosacea

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2014年第1期4卷 60-65页

作者： Khalifa E. Sharquie Adil A. Noaimi Sarmad A. Al-Hashimy mazin m. Al-salih Department of Dermatology & Venereology Baghdad Teaching Hospital Baghdad Iraq Light Therapy Unit Department of Dermatology & Venereology Baghdad Teaching Hospital Baghdad Iraq Scientific Council of Dermatology & Venereology-Iraqi and Arab Board for medical Specializations Department of Dermatology & Venereology College of Medicine University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq

Background: There are many effective topical and systemic therapies for acne rosacea. Topical zinc sulfate and tea lotion have been used in treatment of acne vulgaris. Objectives: To evaluate effectiveness of 2% tea lotion in comparison with 5% zinc sulfate solution in the treatment of acne rosacea. Patients and methods: This single, blinded, comparative therapeutic clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Dermatology—Baghdad Teaching Hospital from June 2006-December 2007. Twenty two patients with acne rosacea were divided into two groups and were instructed to apply the following lotions for two months, Group A used 2% tea lotion twice daily while Group B used 5% zinc sulfate solution twice daily. Patient with severe acne rosacea were excluded from the study. Clinical improvement was evaluated every 2 weeks by determination of the disease severity score (Sharquie’s score) before and after treatment. Results: Eighteen patients with acne rosacea completed the study with their ages ranging from 26 - 70 (40.5 ± 10.9) years. For Group A and Group B were 39.7 ± 8.2, 41.2 ± 13.1 years respectively, with eight patients in Group A, ten patients in Group B. Five percent zinc sulfate solution was statistically significant in reducing the disease severity score in acne rosacea, while 2% tea lotion was beneficial but did not reach statistically significant level as zinc sulfate solution. Conclusion: Five percent zinc sulfate solution was a good alternative remedy to be used in patients with acnerosacea.

关键词： Acne Rosacea Tea Lotion Topical Zinc Sulfate Solution

Three-Point Bending Test and Crack Detection by Acoustic Emission on Different Spring Steel Wires with Different Crystallographic Textures

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2023年第3期13卷 53-67页

作者： mathias Lorenz mohammed salih Daniela Schwerdt Nowfal Al-Hamdany Emad maawad Norbert Schell Eckehard müller University of Wismar Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringPh.-Müller-Straße 14Wismar D-23966Germany Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon Institute of Materials MechanicsDepartment of Laser Processing and Structural AssessmentMax-Planck Str.1Geestacht D-21502Germany Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon Institute of Materials PhysicsMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht D-21502Germany Hochschule Bochum Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical EngineeringAm Hochschulcampus 1Bochum D-44801Germany Steinbeis-Transfercenter of Springtechnology Part behaviour und ProcessLangerfeldstr.53 cIserlohn D-58638Germany

In the production of compression springs,high forming velocities and grades of deformation during winding and setting may induce cracks that can lead to failure causing risks of an accident and *** AE(acoustic emission)technology,a non-destructive monitoring method,can detect acoustic signals reflected from *** establish this method in the production of technical springs,it was necessary,to find out whether the AE signal is influenced by material properties,phase fractions distribution from tempered martensite,retained austenite,and microstructure including crystallographic *** addition,it was investigated to what extent the detected AE signal can be useful to separate between an actual crack and other material *** an in-situ three-point bending test with the AE technology,macro-and micro-crack-typical AE signals were detected for five different spring steel wires(SH,VDSiCr,and FDSiCr according to EN-10270-1 and EN-10270-2).The relative energy related to the initiation,propagation,and growth of cracks caused by mechanical stress was measured using a piezoelectric *** a crack AE signal appeared for the first time,the bending tests were stopped *** results show that the frequency spectrum combined with the intensity of the acoustic signals generated during crack growth depends on the material properties and the crystallographic ***,it could be shown that it is possible to differentiate between micro-crack-typical AE signals and other signals that result from different material responses.

关键词： Technical springs AE analysis micro-computer tomography texture

Crystal Structure, Thermal Behaviour and Vibrational Spectra of Tetraethylammonium Dihydrogenmonophosphate Bis Phosphoric Acid

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Crystal Structure Theory and Applications 2013年第1期2卷 8-15页

作者： Ikram Dhouib salih Al-Juaid Tahar mhiri Zakaria Elaoud Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah KSA Laboratoire de l’Etat Solide Département de Chimie Faculté des Sciences de Sfax Sfax Tunisia

Single crystals of the tetraethylammonium dihydrogenmonophosphate bis trihydrogenmonophosphate [CH3CH2]4N+(H2PO4)(H3PO4)2(TEP), were grown by slow evaporation solution technique at room temperature. The compound was characterised by IR, Raman, differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system (space group P21/c) with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 7.765 (2) , b = 16.531 (4) , c = 14.843 (2) , β = 100.99 (2)o, Z=4 , DX =1.67mg.m-3, Dm=1.532mg-3, λ (moKa) = 0.71073 , u=0.384 mm-1, F(000)=991, T = 20 (2)o. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined to final R value of 0.0342 and Rw=0.107 for 3239 independent [(CH3CH2)4N]+ reflections. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional planes built of mutually , H3PO4 tetrahedra ?and cations connected by strong and hydrogen bonding. There are no contacts other than van der Waals interactions between the layers.

关键词： Organic Phosphate Crystalline Structure Vibrational Spectra Thermal Behaviour Differential Thermal Analysis

Quality Assessment Statistic Evaluation of X-Ray Fluorescence via NIST and IAEA Standard Reference materials

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2017年第2期7卷 121-128页

作者： O. m. H. Ahmed Farouk I. Habbani A. m. mustafa E. m. A. mohamed A. m. salih Ftihia Seedig Chemistry and Nuclear Physics Institute Sudan Atomic Energy Commission Khartoum Sudan College of Nuclear Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University Harbin China Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Council of Atomic Energy Sudan Academy of Sciences Khartoum Sudan

The aim of this study is a quality assessment of X-ray fluorescence laboratory located at the University of Khartoum. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometer system consists, a set of three 109Cd sources of an initial nominal activity of 10 μCi, and Si(Li) detector Energy Dispersive XRF(EDXRF) systems. It is important to carry out this work because it has an effective contribution for a wide range of research and services. The assessment was carried out by measuring 8 NIST-2709a (soil) and 13 IAEA-155 (milk powder) standard reference material samples for repeatability examinations to test the measurement precision. The total combined standards uncertainty values for XRF lab were estimated by an error from repeatability measurements adding 2.6% for error propagation related to the method. For accuracy assessment, three standard statistic approaches were applied, i.e. the Bias %, zeta-score, and En-number. The bias of all elements for both standard materials was found to be within a deviation range from −28% to 7.8%. The results of all elements for both the zeta-score test and En-number have satisfactory results except Th (Thorium) and Zr (Zirconium) which consider as questionable results for NIST SRm 2709a and unsatisfactory results for En-number.

关键词： XRF QC Reference material Statistic Evaluation

Tigris River Water Quality Quantifying Using the Iraq Water Quality Index (IraqWQI) and Some Statistical Techniques

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Engineering（科研） 2024年第6期16卷 149-166页

作者： Nadhir Al-Ansari Salam Hussein Ewaid Ali Chabuk Salwan Ali Abed mudhafar A. Salim Jan Laue Riyadh m. salih Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lule University of Technology Lule Sweden Technical College of Shatra Southern Technical University Basra Iraq Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering University of Babylon Babylon Iraq Department of Environment College of Science University of Al-Qadisiyah Diwaniyah Iraq Iraqi Organization for Conservation of Nature IOCN Baghdad Iraq National Center for Water Resources management Ministry of Water Resources Baghdad Iraq

Evaluation of water quality is important for the management of water resources. The current study is focused on the interpretation of the water quality monitoring data of the Tigris River in Iraq by the application of the principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and water quality index (WQI). Twelve water quality parameters were taken from 14 stations along the river Ca2+, mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, NO3−, TH, TDS, BOD5, and EC to apply the PCA and CA. The results show that the mean of all the parameters was under the standards except Ca2+, EC, mg2+, TH, and SO42−. The amount of EC is the critical factor that affects the river water quality. The PCA obtained one principal component responsible for 97% of the variation caused by different pollution sources. The CA divided the river into three regions of sampling stations with similar water quality, the best in the north, and the worst in the far south. In this paper, the computer-automated tool (IraqWQI) was presented and evaluated, which has been developed by authors to classify and measure the quality of Iraqi surface water. The proposed index is of hundred degrees and includes six variables for drinking water quality Cl−, TH, TDS, COD, DO, and total coliform (TC) according to the Iraqi specifications. The result of the IraqWQI application showed a decrease in the water quality of the river and its suitability for drinking in the south of the country. The best value of the index was (81.48, Good) in Fishkhabour during winter, and the worst value was (46.23, Bad) in Qurnah during summer. The result of this study proved the success and importance of using statistical techniques and WQI as useful tools for the management, control, and conservation of surface water. .

关键词： Component Formatting Style Styling