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Vehicle License Plate Detection and Characters Recognition

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Vehicle License Plate Detection and Characters Recognition

作者： MUHAMMAD salman 华南理工大学

学位级别：硕士

Automatic license plate recognition（ALPR）is image processing technology and hot research area in intelligent transportation system and it shows a significant role in many *** ALPR system license plate detection from the original image is the most important *** is very challenging because of the variety of plate layouts and the nonuniform outside lighting conditions during image *** processing technique is widely used for license plate detection.A verity of techniques is proposed in the literature but they are having accuracy *** this work,we develop a license plate detection method using a KNN（K-nearest neighbor）classifier with *** system finds all possible contour in the image and performs rough character searching at different scales and analyses the contour width,height,and area to take a rough idea whether the contour can be a character or *** results of our approach show that this method is comparatively impervious to: 1)variations in lighting,2)license plate shapes,3)camera perspective,4)shadow images and 5)background *** system is tested with on 150 real time images,captured in campus premises and images downloaded from internet under different illumination conditions and we got 96% *** the localization of license plates,the alignment of plates is carried ***,this alignment technique finds the neighbor of the bounding box of the detected area and find out the ideal edge site where the outer region is quite different from the inner region of the license plate,from color’s perspective in RGB *** approach aligns accurately the bounding box to edges of the license plate so that the resultant plate segmentation and recognition could be done *** system performs license plate segmentation based on Thresholding and Connected Component Analysis（CCA）.In processing of binary image CCA is useful approach that mark each pixel of binarized image into component on the basis of

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Efficient Body-Transfer Wheelchair for Assisting Functionally Impaired People

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 4881-4900页

作者： Chyi-Yeu Lin Bahrudin salman Masroor Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei106TaiwanChina Center for Cyber-Physical Systems National Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei106TaiwanChina Taiwan Building Technology Center National Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei106TaiwanChina

Functionally impaired people always have difficulty accomplishing activities of daily *** this regard,tasks including toileting and bathing have a higher prevalence rate of injuries and greater risk of *** this study,a body-transfer wheelchair was developed to assist people in transferring from bed to wheelchair for bathing,and *** bodytransfer wheelchair is a semi-automatic wheelchair that has features such as a controlled leg and backrest,linkage commode slot,and height *** wheelchair consists of a seat and a main frame that can be detached to enable bathtub *** mechanism lets the user stay on the seat while being transferred into the bathtub without any risk of falling.A linkage mechanism was developed as a part of the seat for ease of *** and force analysis was conducted to calculate the force required for each *** has been proved by the experimental results that the wheelchair can securely and comfortably transfer a patient from the bed to the toilet or bathtub.A survey has been conducted to evaluate the wheelchair prototype design *** focus groups were chosen:one comprised of functionally impaired people,and the other comprised of *** results of the survey show that 60%of both functionally impaired people and caregivers would like to use the body-transfer wheelchair for toileting and bathing ***,on average 65%of both focus groups find it convenient to operate the body-transfer wheelchair independently.

关键词： Wheelchair functionally-impaired people toileting bathing bodytransfer

PoIR: A Node Selection Mechanism in Reputation-Based Blockchain Consensus Using Bidirectional LSTM Regression Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2309-2339页

作者： Jauzak Hussaini Windiatmaja Delphi Hanggoro Muhammad salman Riri Fitri Sari Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia

This research presents a reputation-based blockchain consensus mechanism called Proof of Intelligent Reputation(PoIR)as an alternative to traditional Proof of Work(PoW).PoIR addresses the limitations of existing reputationbased consensus mechanisms by proposing a more decentralized and fair node selection *** proposed PoIR consensus combines Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)with the Network Entity Reputation Database(NERD)to generate reputation scores for network entities and select authoritative *** records network entity profiles based on various sources,i.e.,Warden,Blacklists,DShield,AlienVault Open Threat Exchange(OTX),and MISP(Malware Information Sharing Platform).It summarizes these profile records into a reputation score *** PoIR consensus mechanism utilizes these reputation scores to select authoritative *** evaluation demonstrates that PoIR exhibits higher centralization resistance than PoS and *** nodes were selected fairly during the 1000-block proposal round,ensuring a more decentralized blockchain *** contrast,malicious nodes successfully monopolized 58%and 32%of transaction processes in PoS and PoW,respectively,but failed to do so in *** findings also indicate that PoIR offers efficient transaction times of 12 s,outperforms reputation-based consensus such as PoW,and is comparable to reputation-based consensus such as ***,the model evaluation shows that BiLSTM outperforms other Recurrent Neural Network models,i.e.,BiGRU(Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit),UniLSTM(Unidirectional Long Short-Term Memory),and UniGRU(Unidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit)with 0.022 Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE).This study concludes that the PoIR consensus mechanism is more resistant to centralization than PoS and *** BiLSTM and NERD enhances the fairness and efficiency of blockchain applications.

关键词： Blockchain blockchain consensus node selection BiLSTM RNN regression

Statistical Shallow Water Acoustic Channel Modelling and BER Performance Investigation of CI-OFDM

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Statistical Shallow Water Acoustic Channel Modelling and BER...

作者： salman FARID 华南理工大学

学位级别：硕士

Underwater Acoustic（UWA）Communication uses acoustic waves to transmit and receive data under the *** radio waves suffer from high *** waves suffer from heavy *** waves are a better communication mode for underwater *** communication is challenging due to impairments,including attenuation,multipath propagation,noise and Doppler *** channels are one of the most stimulating communication *** varying multipath fading,long delay spread,significant Doppler spread,and frequency-dependent path loss are the focal characteristics of such *** channel measurement is obtained through experiments which are very costly and restricted to definite settings such as water depth,transceiver distance transceiver depth,and relative *** order to design and analyze UWA channels,computer simulations give us enhanced degrees of freedom to efficiently simulate and analyze UWA *** thesis presents a statistical shallow water channel model for moving transmitter and receiver based on analytical *** do so,a model of Shallow Water Acoustic（SWA）Channel Impulse Response（CIR）is derived first to capture most of the physical properties of shallow *** we find the Angle of Arrival（AoA）for paths with different numbers of surface and bottom reflections and the Probability Density Function（PDF）of（AoA）.To find closed form expressions for the statistics of the CIR,we approximate the PDFs of AoA with half-circular Rician *** mathematical controllability of this new PDF,analytical statistics including autocorrelation function and scattering function are *** and high data rate UWA communications are hard to achieve because of multipath propagation,frequency selective fading and limited *** is an appealing technique for UWA communication with three obvious advantages: good performance against frequency multipath interference,ability to combat the frequency selective fadin

关键词：水声信道正交频分复用误码性能

Energy optimization in the wake of China Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)

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Journal of Control and Decision 2018年第2期5卷 129-147页

作者： Yousaf Ali Zaeem Rasheed Noor Muhammad salman Yousaf Department of Management Science&Humanities Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences&TechnologyTopiPakistan Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of EngineeringSciences and TechnologyTopiPakistan

The energy crisis has become a significant bottleneck in the country’s economic *** to end this age old problem,we have to capitalize on the chance,China Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)investment provides,to its full *** study aims to help Pakistani government in selecting the best set of CPEC energy priority projects to be completed in the first wave of *** second part of the research guides the small/medium scale industry and business owners to select the best available alternative for tackling the energy shortfall while CPEC projects are in the process of *** electricity shortfall decrease and its impact on various economic/industrial sectors(like services,industrial,textile and agriculture)is also performed to gauge the effect of CPEC on the economy using linear *** decision analysis,the MCDM techniques employed are(AHP)along with(TOPSIS).This research generated a new list of recommended CPEC energy priority projects which are more evenly distributed across the country,catering more,to interest of the country as a *** also concluded solar panels to be the best alternative for small scale businesses,as short term solution while CPEC projects are under construction.

关键词： Energy CPEC priority projects MCDA Short-term solution TOPSIS AHP Pugh method

A Computational Simulation Study for Techno-Economic Analysis of Different Techniques for Natural Gas Dehydration

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A Computational Simulation Study for Techno-Economic Analysi...

作者： Muhammad salman 北京化工大学

学位级别：硕士

Natural gas（NG）is among the most used fossil fuels in industrial and domestic *** extracted,it often contains water vapors,which result in the formation of hydrates,causing clogging of the pipes and ***,water vapors in NG can also lead to corrosion of pipelines when there is acid gas,such as H2S and CO2,existing in the ***,NG must be dehydrated before its supply to transmission *** methods are available in the literature for dehydration of *** them,the solvent absorption method is the most mature ***,the conventional triethylene glycol（TEG）solvent absorption method is quite expensive and involves extensive energy consumptions and TEG ***,the improvement of this method is the need of *** this work,improvements of the solvent absorption method are made by introducing stripping gas process modification and ionic liquids（IL）as a new alternative ***-economic analysis of the process has been done with the aid of Aspen HYSYS process simulation software and Aspen Process Economic Analyzer（APEA）*** work is divided into two *** the first part,a techno-economic comparison of conventional NG dehydration method（CDM）has been made with a new stripping gas method（SGM）.Process simulation models of both methods are developed on Aspen *** technical and economic evaluation,SGM is proved to more feasible for NG dehydration compared to *** the fixed output of dry gas,SGM can achieve 46%lower solvent rate and 42%lower reboiler duty,hence decreasing the energy consumptions involved in the ***,economic evaluation of CDM and SGM revealed that with SGM,10%reduction in total annual operating cost and 9%reduction in total annual cost can be *** results prove SGM to be technically and economically more suitable for NG *** the second part,instead of applying different process modifications,new alternative solvent,i.e.,IL EMIMNTf2,has been introduced for

关键词： Natural gas dehydration Techno-economicanalysis process simulation Aspen HYSYS Ionic liquids

Monitoring the diversity of malaria and dengue vector in Karachi:studying variation of genera and subgenera of mosquitoes under different ecological conditions

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 116-124页

作者： Saima Shaikh Syed Jamil H Kazmi salman Qureshi Department of Geography University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Department of Geography(Landscape Ecology) Humboldt University of BerlinRudower Chaussee 16Berlin 12489Germany School of Architecture Birmingham City UniversityThe Parkside Building5 Cardigan StreetBirmingham B47BDUK

Introduction:Karachi,a city of unique terrain and moderate tropical climate,is home to several mosquito *** geographical distribution and density of these species may vary within the city,owing to their interaction with an ever-increasing population and urban *** a consequence,the prevalence of vector-borne diseases is unpredictable within the geographical limits of Karachi *** this spatiotemporal study,1,156 mosquito samples were collected from 50 study sites with unique ecological characteristics within the city and a taxonomical exercise was conducted to investigate different vector species thriving in different months and seasons of the *** main genera of mosquitoes were identified and categorized using a pictorial key based on the standard guidelines of the Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit,substantiated with ancillary ***:Three important genera were found in Karachi:Anopheles,Aedes and *** subgenera were subsequently identified,based on their susceptibility to major vector-borne *** had the highest concentration of adult mosquitoes,as the colder weather conditions were suitable for *** recorded the lowest number,owing to excessively hot weather when most of the breeding pockets had dried out;less vegetation(in pre-monsoon conditions)prevented mosquito ***:Slum areas showed an abundance of malaria and dengue vectors,owing to poor hygiene conditions caused by open sewage ***,a major precaution is to raise awareness among people about mosquito-borne *** breeding habitats of these vectors should be studied using geospatial technologies to improve spatial and temporal coverage.

关键词： landscape ecology mosquito species spatial epidemiology spatial variation urban ecology urban habitat vector-borne diseases

License Assisted Access-WiFi Coexistence with TXOP Backoff for LTE in Unlicensed Band

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China Communications 2017年第3期14卷 1-14页

作者： salman Saadat Da Chen Kai Luo Mingjie Feng Tao Jiang School of Electronics Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

License assisted access(LAA) was proposed as a solution to the challenge of satisfying high throughput requirement in cellular network with limited licensed band. LAA uses long term evolution(LTE) carrier aggregation technique to combine licensed and unlicensed bands, specifically 5 GHz Wi Fi band, in order to achieve high data rates. However, LAA has several critical concerns for services provision on 5 GHz unlicensed band. In this article, an overview of the techniques concerning the coexistence of LTE and Wi Fi on the same unlicensed band is presented. We first present several general approaches including power control of LTE evolved Node B(e NB), carrier selection, LTE duty cycling, self clear to send(CTS) and request to send/CTS(RTS/CTS), and listen before talk(LBT). Then, we focus on LBT techniques for LAA-Wi Fi coexistence and discuss how LBT based coexistence solutions can dynamically respond to the variations in network load and ensure fair coexistence in a distributed manner. Based on the LBT mechanism, we also present a fairness-aware LAA-WiF i coexisting scheme with TXOP(transmitted in a single transmission opportunity) backoff for LAA e NB. Finally, the performances of various LBT solutions for LAA-Wi Fi coexistence are evaluated using Markov chain analytical model.

关键词： WiFi unlicensed band LTE coexistence license assisted access listen before talk

Manufacturing feature-based cost estimation of cast parts

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China Foundry 2018年第6期15卷 464-469页

作者： Muhammad Sajid Ahmad Wasim salman Hussain Mirza Jahanzaib Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila Pakistan 47050

Seventy percent of new product cost is committed in the design phase. Therefore, the cost needs to be minimized. Incorporating accurate cost estimation capabilities into manufacturing processes can help industries to minimize the cost and optimize the design. The casting process has been employed as a key process to manufacture parts having the advantage of low cost and customized products in foundry industry. This paper presents a cost estimation system for the casting process based on the design features, which incorporates the casting information at the design stage of castings. It aims to deliver the best cost-effective choice for casting design features of a product. Two kinds of knowledge, namely economical knowledge(describing the relation between the casting design considerations and the cost) and technical knowledge(involving the material of the casting features) were structured in this research work. On the basis of the minimum product cost, casting material selection can be carried out in detail. The developed system has been validated through an industrial case study.

关键词： cost estimation model casting process design features