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Chiral transmission by an open evolution trajectory in a non-Hermitian system

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 628-636页

作者： Xiaoqian Shu Qi Zhong Kai Hong Oubo You Jian Wang Guangwei Hu Andrea alù Shuang Zhang Demetrios N.Christodoulides Lin Chen Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China. Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 311121China. CREOL College of Optics and PhotonicsUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida 32816USA. Department of Physics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA. Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen 518063China

Exceptional points(EPs),at which two or more eigenvalues and eigenstates of a resonant system coalesce,are associated with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with gain and/or loss *** encircling of EPs has received significant interest in recent years,as it has been shown to lead to highly nontrivial phenomena,such as chiral transmission in which the final state of the system depends on the encircling ***,chiral transmission for a pair of eigenmodes has been realized by establishing a closed dynamical trajectory in parity-time-(PT-)or anti-PT-symmetric *** chiral transmission of symmetry-broken modes,more accessible in practical photonic integrated circuits,has been realized by establishing a closed trajectory encircling EPs in anti-PTsymmetric systems,the demonstrated transmission efficiency is very low due to path-dependent ***,we demonstrate chiral dynamics in a coupled waveguide system that does not require a closed ***,we explore an open trajectory linking two infinite points having the same asymptotic eigenmodes(not modes in PT-and anti-PT-symmetric systems),demonstrating that this platform enables high-efficiency chiral transmission,with each eigenmode localized in a single *** concept is experimentally implemented in a coupled silicon waveguide system at telecommunication *** work provides a new evolution strategy for chiral dynamics with superior performance,laying the foundation for the development of practical chiral-transmission devices.

关键词： chiral system symmetric

UNet Based onMulti-Object Segmentation and Convolution Neural Network for Object Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1563-1580页

作者： Nouf Abdullah almujally Bisma Riaz Chughtai Naif al Mudawi Abdulwahab alazeb Asaad algarni Hamdan A.alzahrani Jeongmin Park Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityRafha91911Saudi Arabia Information Technology Department College of Computing and InformaticsSaudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh13316Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Korea Polytechnic UniversitySiheung-siGyeonggi-do237Republic of Korea

The recent advancements in vision technology have had a significant impact on our ability to identify multiple objects and understand complex *** technologies,such as augmented reality-driven scene integration,robotic navigation,autonomous driving,and guided tour systems,heavily rely on this type of scene *** paper presents a novel segmentation approach based on the UNet network model,aimed at recognizing multiple objects within an *** methodology begins with the acquisition and preprocessing of the image,followed by segmentation using the fine-tuned UNet ***,we use an annotation tool to accurately label the segmented *** labeling,significant features are extracted from these segmented objects,encompassing KAZE(Accelerated Segmentation and Extraction)features,energy-based edge detection,frequency-based,and blob *** the classification stage,a convolution neural network(CNN)is *** comprehensive methodology demonstrates a robust framework for achieving accurate and efficient recognition of multiple objects in *** experimental results,which include complex object datasets like MSRC-v2 and PASCal-VOC12,have been *** analyzing the experimental results,it was found that the PASCal-VOC12 dataset achieved an accuracy rate of 95%,while the MSRC-v2 dataset achieved an accuracy of 89%.The evaluation performed on these diverse datasets highlights a notably impressive level of performance.

关键词： UNet segmentation blob fourier transform convolution neural network

用于提升全水解性能的超低含量Ru掺杂NiMoO_(4)@Ni_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)核壳纳米结构

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第5期60卷 360-375页

作者： Adel al-Salihy 梁策 Abdulwahab Salah Abdel-Basit al-Odayni 卢子昂陈孟新刘倩倩徐平哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院新能源转化与存储关键材料工业和信息化部重点实验室黑龙江哈尔滨150001 东北师范大学化学学院动力电池国家地方联合工程实验室吉林长春130024 沙特国王大学牙科学院修复性牙科科学系沙特阿拉伯利雅得

随着全球能源危机和环境污染日益加剧,开发可持续的绿色能源技术已经成为当务之急.其中,水分解制氢作为一种清洁能源的生产方式,因其零排放和高能量密度的特点,而受到广泛的研究和关注.析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)是水分解过程的关键... 详细信息

随着全球能源危机和环境污染日益加剧,开发可持续的绿色能源技术已经成为当务之急.其中,水分解制氢作为一种清洁能源的生产方式,因其零排放和高能量密度的特点,而受到广泛的研究和关注.析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)是水分解过程的关键步骤,它们的反应效率直接影响整个制氢过程的能量转换效率.因此,开发高效的双功能电催化剂对于推动水分解技术的发展具有重要意义.本文制备了一种超低Ru掺杂的新型核壳纳米结构电催化剂,该催化剂生长在泡沫镍(NF)上,简称Ru-NiMoO_(4)@Ni_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)/NF.首先,通过水热法在NF上均匀生长了水合NiMoO_(4)纳米柱,并通过共价相互作用,确保其在垂直方向上有序排列.随后,采用超低浓度的RuCl_(3)对NiMoO_(4)纳米柱进行蚀刻,并通过磷酸化反应引入(PO_(4))^(3+)离子形成了Ni_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)壳层.这种设计克服了以往Ru易团聚的难题,保障了Ru的均匀分布,从而合成Ru-NiMoO_(4)@Ni_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)/NF催化剂.通过X-射线衍射、X-射线光电子能谱及透射电子显微镜等对催化剂的化学组分和微观结构进行了分析,证实其成功制备.元素分析结果表明,催化剂中Ru的含量仅为1.94 wt%,显著降低了其制备成本.电化学测试结果表明,该催化剂在HER和OER中均表现出较好的催化活性.在10和100 mA cm^(−2)电流密度下,HER的过电位分别为−14.8和−57.1 mV,Tafel斜率为35.8 mV dec^(-1),优于商业Pt/C催化剂;在100 mA cm^(−2)电流密度下,OER过电位为259.7 mV,Tafel斜率为21.6 mV dec^(−1),优于商业RuO_(2)催化剂.在全水解测试中,该催化剂在10和100 mA cm^(−2)时所需的电池电压分别为1.43和1.68 V,与其他自支撑材料相比表现出良好的性能.此外,该催化剂在150 h性能测试过程中表现出较好的稳定性.采用密度泛函理论计算研究了催化剂具有较好活性的内在机制.结果表明,其具有低水离解能垒(ΔGb=0.46 eV),接近零的HER自由吸附能(∆G*H=0.02 eV),低的OER自由吸附能量(ΔG*OOH−ΔG*OH=2.74 eV)和接近费米能级的高密度态.这些特性共同促进了电解水反应的高效进行.综上,本文研究开发的Ru-NiMoO_(4)@Ni_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)/NF双功能催化剂具有较好的催化活性、低电位需求和长期稳定性,为氢气生产开辟了新途径,也为优化双功能水分解催化剂提供了新视角,并为未来可持续能源应用发展提供一定的参考.

关键词：电催化核壳结构掺杂密度泛函理论析氢反应析氧反应分解水

Metabolomic changes in children with autism

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 171-197页

作者： Mohammed al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaBahrainManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManamaManama 26671Bahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive *** profiling has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the underlying metabolic dysregulations associated with *** To comprehensively explore metabolomic changes in children with ASD,integrating findings from various research articles,reviews,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,case reports,editorials,and a book *** A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases,including PubMed,PubMed Central,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,Scopus,LISA,and NLM catalog up until January *** criteria encompassed research articles(83),review articles(145),meta-analyses(6),systematic reviews(6),case reports(2),editorials(2),and a book chapter(1)related to metabolomic changes in children with *** criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and quality of included *** The systematic review identified specific metabolites and metabolic pathways showing consistent differences in children with ASD compared to typically developing *** metabolic biomarkers may serve as objective measures to support clinical assessments,improve diagnostic accuracy,and inform personalized treatment *** profiling also offers insights into the metabolic alterations associated with comorbid conditions commonly observed in individuals with *** Integration of metabolomic changes in children with ASD holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy,guiding personalized treatment approaches,monitoring treatment response,and improving *** research is needed to validate findings,establish standardized protocols,and overcome technical challenges in metabolomic *** advancing our understanding of metabolic dysregulations in ASD,clinicians can improve the lives of affected individuals and their families.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Metabolic dysregulations Metabolomic changes Children Mitochondrial dysfunction Oxidative stress Amino acids

Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases:Pros and cons

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 198-220页

作者： Mohammed al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Adel Salah Bediwy Reem Elbeltagi Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupBahrainManama 26671ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12ManamaBahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyIrish Royal College of SurgeonBahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonology Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Pulmonology University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671ManamaBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain

BACKGROUND Fecal calprotectin is a valuable biomarker for assessing intestinal inflammation in pediatric gastrointestinal ***,its role,pros,and cons in various conditions must be comprehensively *** To explore the role of fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases,including its advantages and *** A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed,PubMed Central,Google Scholar,and other scientific research engines until February 24,*** review included 88 research articles,56 review articles,six metaanalyses,two systematic reviews,two consensus papers,and two letters to the *** Fecal calprotectin is a non-invasive marker for detecting intestinal inflammation and monitoring disease activity in pediatric conditions such as functional gastrointestinal disorders,inflammatory bowel disease,coeliac disease,coronavirus disease 2019-induced gastrointestinal disorders,gastroenteritis,and cystic fibrosis-associated intestinal ***,its lack of specificity and susceptibility to various confounding factors pose challenges in *** these limitations,fecal calprotectin offers significant advantages in diagnosing,monitoring,and managing pediatric gastrointestinal *** Fecal calprotectin holds promise as a valuable tool in pediatric gastroenterology,offering insights into disease activity,treatment response,and *** protocols and guidelines are needed to optimize its clinical utility and mitigate interpretation *** research is warranted to address the identified limitations and enhance our understanding of fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.

关键词： Fecal calprotectin Pediatric gastrointestinal diseases Functional gastrointestinal disorders Inflammatory bowel disease Coeliac disease COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal disorders Infectious gastroenteritis Cystic fibrosis

The future of competitive advantage in Oman: Integrating green product innovation, al, and intellectual capital in business strategies

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第2期8卷 154-171页

作者： Fadi Abdelfattah Mohammed Salah Khalid Dahleez Riyad Darwazeh Hussam al Halbusi Modern College of Business and Science(MCBS) MuscatOman Dean College of Business Administration A'Sharqiyah UniversityIbraOman Head of Accounting Department Business SchoolAl-Ahliya Amman UniversityAmmanJordan Management Department Ahmed Bin Mohammed Military College(ABMMC)DohaQatar

This study delves into the dynamics of green product innovation,artificial intelligence(al)adaption,and intellectual capital,investigating their impact on the competitiveness of firms in *** emphasizes the crucial role of government intervention and R&D investments in this *** on the responses of 214 top managers in Oman,the research employs structural equation modeling to analyze the intricate relationships between these *** findings underscore a significant positive correlation between green innovation,al implementation,and intellectual capital,with government involvement and R&D investments as vital *** study provides a novel perspective on the synergy of technology,innovation,and intellectual capital in developing *** offers essential insights for business leaders,policymakers,and scholars,highlighting the necessity of integrating advanced technologies and sustainable practices in business strategies to achieve competitive *** research adds to the existing body of knowledge on innovation and *** offers practical implications for enhancing firm performance in Oman and similar emerging markets.

关键词： Green product innovation R&D investments AI adoption Intellectual capital Government involvement Knowledge-driven culture Oman

A Pioneering Approach to the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期12卷 14-22页

作者： Wasan A. al-Dulaimi Zeena M. al-Azzawi Emad K. al-Shakarchi Physics Department College of Science Al-Nahrain University Baghdad Iraq

Our research introduces a groundbreaking chemical reduction method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, marking a significant advancement in the field. The nanoparticles were meticulously characterized using various techniques, including optical analysis, structural analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). This thorough process instills confidence in the accuracy of our findings. The results unveiled that the silver nanoparticles had a diameter of less than 20 nm, a finding of great importance. The absorption spectrum decreased in the peak wavelength range (405 - 394 mm) with increasing concentrations of Ag nanoparticles in the range (1 - 5%). The XRD results indicated a cubic crystal structure for silver nanoparticles with the lattice constant (a = 4.0855 Å), and Miller indices were (111), (002), (002), and (113). The simulation on the XRD pattern showed a face center cubic phase with space group Fm-3m, providing valuable insights into the structure of the nanoparticles.

关键词： Chemical Reduction Method UV-VIS Absorption Spectrometer Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Cardiac differentiation is modulated by anti-apoptotic signals in murine embryonic stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 551-559页

作者： Amani Yehya Joseph Azar Mohamad al-Fares Helene Boeuf Wassim Abou-Kheir Dana Zeineddine Ola Hadadeh Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiological SciencesAmerican University of BeirutBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon Inserm BiotisU1026University BordeauxBordeaux F-33000France Rammal Rammal Lab Physio-Toxicity Environmental TeamFaculty of SciencesLebanese UniversityNabatieh 0000Lebanon

BACKGROUND Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)serve as a crucial ex vivo model,representing epiblast cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage *** exhibit a unique combination of self-renewal potency,unlimited proliferation,and *** latter is evident by the ability of the isolated cells to differ-entiate spontaneously into multiple cell lineages,representing the three primary embryonic germ *** regulatory networks guide ESCs,directing their self-renewal and lineage-specific ***,or programmed cell death,emerges as a key event involved in sculpting and forming various organs and structures ensuring proper embryonic ***-ever,the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic interplay between diffe-rentiation and apoptosis remain poorly *** To investigate the regulatory impact of apoptosis on the early differentiation of ESCs into cardiac cells,using mouse ESC(mESC)models-mESC-B-cell lym-phoma 2(BCL-2),mESC-PIM-2,and mESC-metallothionein-1(MET-1)-which overexpress the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2,Pim-2,and Met-1,*** mESC-T2(wild-type),mESC-BCL-2,mESC-PIM-2,and mESC-MET-1 have been used to assess the effect of potentiated apoptotic signals on cardiac *** hanging drop method was adopted to generate embryoid bodies(EBs)and induce terminal differentiation of *** size of the generated EBs was measured in each condition compared to the wild *** the functional level,the percentage of cardiac differentiation was measured by calculating the number of beating cardiomyocytes in the manipulated mESCs compared to the *** the molecular level,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression of three cardiac markers:Troponin T,GATA4,and ***,troponin T protein expression was evaluated through immunofluorescence and western blot *** Our findings showed that the upregulation of Bcl-

关键词： Mouse embryonic stem cells Self-renewal Apoptosis Cardiac differentiation B-cell lymphoma 2 PIM-2 Metallothionein-1

Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad al Kabbani Christoph Köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code