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The biosynthetic pathway of the hallucinogen mescaline and its heterologous reconstruction

Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1129-1150页

作者： Paula Berman Luis alejandro de haro Ana-Rita Cavaco Sayantan Panda Younghui Dong Nikolay Kuzmich Gabriel Lichtenstein Yoav Peleg Hila Harat Adam Jozwiaki Jianghua Cai Uwe Heinig Sagit Meir Ilana Rogachev Asaph Aharoni Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Life Sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel The Maurice and Vivienne Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Present address:Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Department of Molecular&Cellular Pharmacology University of Miami Miler School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Mescaline,among the earliest identified natural hallucinogens,holds great potential in psychotherapy ***,despite the existence of a postulated biosynthetic pathway for more than half a century,the specific enzymes involved in this process are yet to be *** this study,we investigated the cactus Lophophora williamsii(Peyote),the largest known natural producer of the phenethylamine *** employed a multi-faceted approach,combining de novo whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing with comprehensive chemical profiling,enzymatic assays,molecular modeling,and pathway engineering for pathway *** identified four groups of enzymes responsible for the six catalytic steps in the mescaline biosynthetic pathway,and an N-methyltransferase enzyme that N-methylates all phenethylamine intermediates,likely modulating mescaline levels in ***,we reconstructed the mescaline biosynthetic pathway in both Nicotiana benthamiana plants and yeast cells,providing novel insights into several challenges hindering complete heterologous mescaline *** together,our study opens up avenues for exploration of sustainable production approaches and responsible utilization of mescaline,safeguarding this valuable natural resource for future generations.

关键词： mescaline Lophophora williamsi Peyote biosynthetic pathway de novo genome sequencing mo-lecular modeling

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A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities

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Military Medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 228-267页

作者： Miguel A.Ortega Oscar Fraile-Martinez Cielo García-Montero Sergio haro Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon Diego De Leon-Oliva Ana M.Gomez-Lahoz Jorge Monserrat Mar Atienza-Pérez David Díaz Elisa Lopez-Dolado Melchor Álvarez-Mon Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities University of Alcala28801 Alcala de HenaresSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research(IRYCIS) 28034 MadridSpain Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor28031 MadridSpain Service of Rehabilitation National Hospital for Paraplegic PatientsCarr.de la PeraledaS/N45004 ToledoSpain Immune System Diseases‑Rheumatology Service and Internal Medicine University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias(CIBEREHD)28806 Alcala de HenaresSpain

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused by a traumatic event(primary injury).This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological mechanisms directed to ameliorate neural damage but also exacerbate initial damage(secondary injury).The alterations that occur in the spinal cord have not only local but also systemic consequences and virtually all organs and tissues of the body incur important changes after SCI,explaining the progression and detrimental consequences related to this ***(PNIE)is a growing area of research aiming to integrate and explore the interactions among the different systems that compose the human organism,considering the mind and the body as a *** initial traumatic event and the consequent neurological disruption trigger immune,endocrine,and multisystem dysfunction,which in turn affect the patient's psyche and *** the present review,we will explore the most important local and systemic consequences of SCI from a PNIE perspective,defining the changes occurring in each system and how all these mechanisms are ***,potential clinical approaches derived from this knowledge will also be collectively presented with the aim to develop integrative therapies to maximize the clinical management of these patients.

关键词： Spinal cord injury(SCI) Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology(PNIE) Secondary injury Immunoinflammatory dysfunction Gut microbiota Translational opportunities

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超声设备如何实现小型化

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科技纵览 2024年第4期 40-45,4页

作者： F.LEVENT DEGERTEKIN EDMON DE haro(图) 不详

在医院和诊室,医疗超声设备正在发生惊人的变化.长期以来,先进的超声设备一直被放在手推车上推来推去,上面挂着各种各样的线和探头,现在它们即将被永久地推放到一边,取而代之的是能够向手机发送影像的手持式探头.

关键词：超声设备手推车手持式探头诊室小型化

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Traditional Healer’s Medicinal Practice Survey and Clinical Evidence Assessment of “YIKI”: An Antimalarial Phytomedicine Recipe from Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第7期15卷 248-267页

作者： Zachari Kabre Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga Aminata Fofana Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda Anyirekun Fabrice Some al.ssan. haro Natacha A. J. A. Boro Fazhira B. Ye Benjamin Kouliga Koama Sami Eric Kam Eliasse Zongo Hadidjatou Belèm Windmi Kagambèga Florence Fournet Georges A. Ouedraogo Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant Direction Rgionale de lOuest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et dEnseignement en Sant et Biotechnologies Animales Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et Techniques Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche en Bactriologie INSP/Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Maladies Infectueuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie Gntique Evolution et Contrle (MIVEGEC) Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement Universit de Monpellier Montpellier France

YIKI is an antimalarial phytomedicine used by a traditional healer to treat malaria in Bobo-Dioulasso. However, there is no scientific evidence to support its use by local populations. The aim of this study was to identify the medicinal practices of the healer holder of YIKI and assess the clinical evidence of its phytomedicine in the uncomplicated malaria treatment. Ethnomedical survey based on a semi-structured and open questionnaire was conducted from October to December 2019 with the healer. Malaria knowledge and diagnosis methods, patient treatment and monitoring, and recipe formulation steps were surveyed. Moreover, thick and thin blood smears were taken, haemoglobin levels and temperature of consenting patients were measured before treatment, mid-treatment and at the end of treatment. The survey revealed that the healer has a good knowledge of malaria symptoms and his diagnosis is based on observation and physical examination of patients. The healer’s malaria diagnosis was rudimentary and had accuracy problems, with only 62.79% of malaria cases confirmed by microscopy. The formulation of YIKI and its use to treat malaria follow a standard process for plant harvesting, powder quantities and posology, but do not use any reproducible parameters for dose adjustment. Forty-three patients diagnosed and treated by the healer participated in the study. Laboratory results revealed 27 Plasmodium falciparum infection cases, including 2 with parasitaemia ≥ 200,000 p/µl blood. 25 patients were selected for therapeutic evidence assessment. There was a 48% elimination of parasites, a 28% parasitaemia decrease without complete cure, with gametocytogenesis in some patients, and a 24% parasitaemia increase. Haemoglobin and temperature results suggested that YIKI was not cytotoxic and reduced fever. Encouraging preliminary results have been obtained, but in view of the low number of patients, further YIKI efficacy and toxicity studies will be necessary for patient safety.

关键词： Antimalarial-Phytomedicine Efficacy Traditional Practices Bobo-Dioulasso

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Characterization of Atypical Individuals of Lannea in Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第7期14卷 782-792页

作者： Kadidia Semdé Hadou haro Souleymane Ganaba Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research/Environment and Forests Department (INERA/DEF) University of Nazi Boni Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research/Environment and Forests Department (INERA/DEF) University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background and Objectives: The species to the Lannea genus are trees, shrubs with compound leaves. Thus, individuals called atypical Lannea with single leaves and of socio-economic interests have been identified in the central plateau region (Burkina Faso). This study aimed to contribute to the identification of atypical species. Material and Methods: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method using specific primers was performed and consisted of extracting DNA from young leaves of Lannea individuals, amplifying and then sequencing portions of discriminating DNA (matK, rbcL and rps16). Results: It was shown that individuals belong to the Lannea genus, but are subdivided into three subgroups: a first subgroup containing Lannea microcarpa and two subgroups with no previously identified Lannea species. Conclusion: These atypical individuals are ecotypes or mutants of Lannea microcarpa.

关键词： Characterization Lannea Atypical Individuals Agrosystems Polymerase Chain Reaction

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Comparative analysis of extreme ultraviolet solar radiation proxies during minimum activity levels

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第5期7卷 540-547页

作者： A.G.Elias C.R.Martinis B.F.de haro Barbas F.D.Medina B.S.Zossi M.Fagre T.Duran Laboratorio de Ionosfera Atmosfera Neutra y MagnetosferaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologia(FACET)Universidad Nacional de Tucuman(UNT)Tucuman 4000Argentina Instituto de Física del Noroeste Argentino Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET)-UNTTucuman 4000Argentina Center for Space Physics Astronomy DepartmentBoston UniversityMA 02215USA CONICET Tucuman 4000Argentina Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones Departamento de ElectricidadElectrónica y ComputaciónFACETUNTTucuman4000Argentina Departamento de Física Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)Bahia Blanca 8000Argentina Instituto de Física del Sur CONICET-UNSBahia Blanca 8000Argentina

Four extreme ultraviolet(EUV)solar radiation proxies(Magnesium II core-to-wing ratio(MgII),Lymanαflux(Fα),10.7-cm solar radio flux(F10.7),and sunspot number(Rz))were analyzed during the last four consecutive solar activity minima to investigate how they differ during minimum periods and how well they represent solar EUV *** variability within each minimum and between minima was compared by considering monthly means.A comparison was also made of their role in filtering the effect of solar activity from the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer,foF2,which at mid to low latitudes depends mainly on EUV solar *** last two solar cycles showed unusually low EUV radiation levels according to the four *** the connection between the EUV“true”variation and that of solar proxies,according to the foF2 filtering analysis,MgII and Fαbehaved in a more stable and suitable way,whereas Rz and F10.7 could be overestimating EUV levels during the last two minima,implying they would both underestimate the inter-minima difference of EUV when compared with the first two minima.

关键词： solar EUV radiation solar minimum foF2 solar activity solar EUV proxy

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Dynamic and ballistic impact behavior of biocomposite armors made of HDPE reinforced with chonta palm wood(Bactris gasipaes) microparticles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第3期14卷 238-249页

作者： Edison E.haro Jerzy A.Szpunar Akindele G.Odeshi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan

The mechanical behavior of chonta palm wood(Bactris gasipaes) microparticles reinforced high density polyethylene(HDPE) under high strain-rate compressive and ballistic impact loading were *** palm wood microparticles were introduced into the HDPE via an extrusion process using parallel twin screw extruder to produce biocomposite containing 10, 20, 25, and 30 wt % chonta wood microparticles. In addition to mechanical tests, fractographic analysis was done to understand the failure mechanism in the biocomposites under dynamic and ballistic impact loads. The results indicate that both quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of HDPE are enhanced by reinforcement with chonta palm wood particles. The biocomposites containing 25 wt % wood microparticles exhibited the highest strength, stiffness, ballistic impact resistance and impact energy absorption capability. Introduction of microparticles of chonta palm wood as reinforcement into a polymeric matrix such as HDPE is therefore a promising method to develop biocomposites with enhanced capacity to withstand dynamic impact loading and absorb impact energy.

关键词： HDPE 弹道行为盔甲机械测试吸收能力密度聚乙烯挤出过程

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Study Optimization of a Hybrid Solar-Wind System from an Individual in Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1796-1808页

作者： Abdoulaye Compaore Boukaré Ouedraogo Kayaba haro Rimnogdo Wilfried Ouedraogo Yassia Belem Oumar Sanogo Institute of Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Norbert ZONGO University Koudougou Burkina Faso University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This work is a contribution to the study of hybrid systems for converting solar and wind energy into electricity in Burkina Faso. The approach consists of evaluating and analyzing the production of a wind turbine and a solar field in order to optimize the production of all the technologies. The results obtained made it possible to evaluate the operating performance of the installation and to show the complementarity between the two energy sources with regard to temporary and seasonal variations in resources. During nighttime periods or periods of low sunlight, the wind turbine is a good alternative to energy storage by batteries, the output of the wind turbine can be up to 853.76 W. It was also a question of proposing solutions for optimizing the hybrid system through the automation of the hybrid charge regulator. A minimum height of 30 m above the ground has been chosen as the optimum height for the wind turbine.

关键词： Global Solar Flux Hybrid System Energy Conversion PV-Wind Turbine Automation

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Experimental Study and Modeling of a Convective Dryer for Fruits and Vegetables

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第1期15卷 13-23页

作者： Souleymane Sinon Salifou Tera Kayaba haro El-Maktoume Djanfar Oumar Sanogo Sié Kam Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire des Systèmes d’énergie Renouvelable et Environnement (LASERE) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Modélisation Pluridisciplinaire et Simulations (LAMPS) Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France Laboratoire énergétique de l’équipe d’Accueil Doctoral physique du Globe de l’Energie et de l’Environnement (PGEE) Université d’Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar

The present work deals with the study of the thermal performances of a convective dryer for fruits and vegetables. This dryer, operating with energy generated from the combustion of biomass in a boiler connected to a water/air heat exchanger could be a solution to the problematic of energy related to drying. An experimental and theoretical study is carried out on the temperature profile inside the dryer. For this purpose, 10.3 kg of tomatoes were dried on the experimental setup. The operation lasted about 16 hours and reduced the moisture content from 93.8% to 12% in wet basis. The overall thermal efficiency of the convective dryer during the trial is 10.76%. For the theoretical study, the dryer components (boiler, water/air exchanger and drying chamber) are first modeled individually;the different sub-programs are then coupled to form the convective dryer program. The method of global heat balances combined with the one called “ε-NUT” is used. The set of equations is discretized using the implicit method of finite differences, then solved with the Gauss algorithm in Fortran 90. The theoretical results obtained are in good agreement with those measured.

关键词： Energy Drying Biomass Boilers Fruits and Vegetables

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Optical trapping of optical nanoparticles:Fundamentals and applications

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Opto-Electronic Science 2023年第9期2卷 11-33页

作者： Fengchan Zhang Pablo Camarero Patricia haro-González Lucía Labrador-Páez Daniel Jaque Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group(nanoBIG) Departamento de Física de MaterialesFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain Instituto de materiales Nicolás Cabrera Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain Departamento de Química Física Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain

Optical nanoparticles are nowadays one of the key elements of *** do not only allow optical imaging of a plethora of systems(from cells to microelectronics),but,in many cases,they also behave as highly sensitive remote *** recent years,it has been demonstrated the success of optical tweezers in isolating and manipulating individual optical *** has opened the door to high resolution single particle scanning and *** this quickly growing field,it is now necessary to sum up what has been achieved so far to identify the appropriate system and experimental set-up required for each *** this review article we summarize the most relevant results in the field of optical trapping of individual optical *** systematic bibliographic research,we identify the main families of optical nanoparticles in which optical trapping has been *** each case,the main advances and applications have been ***,we also include our critical opinion about the future of the field,identifying the challenges that we are facing.

关键词： optical trapping optical nanoparticle single particle spectroscopy single particle sensor

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