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Effects of Nanostructured Back Reflectors on the External Quantum Efficiency in Thin Film Solar Cells

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Nano Research 2011年第2期4卷 153-158页

作者： Chingmei Hsu George F. Burkhard.Michael d. McGehee Yi Cui d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA d.partment of Applied.Physics Stanlbrd University Stanlbrd California 94305 USA

Hyd.ogenated.amorphous Si （a-Si：H） is a promising material for photovoltaic applications d.e to its low cost, high abund.nce, long lifetime, and.non-toxicity. We d.monstrate a d.vice d.signed.to investigate the effect of nanostructured back reflectors on quantum efficiency in photovoltaic d.vices. We ad.pt a superstrate configuration so that we may use conventional ind.strial light trapping strategies for thin film solar cells as a reference for comparison. We controlled.the nanostructure parameters via a wafer-scale self-assembly technique and.systematically stud.ed.the relation between nanostructure size and.photocurrent generation. The gain/loss transition at short wavelengths showed.red-shifts with d.creasing nanostructure scale. In the infrared region the nanostructured back reflector shows large photocurrent enhancement with a mod.fied.feature scale. This d.vice geometry is a useful archetype for investigating absorption enhancement by nanostructures.

关键词： Solar cells back reflector scattering solar energy amorphous silicon

Costimulation of resting B lymphocytes alters the IL-4-activated.IRS2 signaling pathway in a STAT6 ind.pend.nt manner: implications for cell survival and.proliferation

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Cell Research 2001年第1期11卷 44-54页

作者： ZAMORANO JOSE,Unid.d.d. Investigacion, Hospital San Ped.o d. alcantara, Avd. Millan Astray, 10003 Caceres ANN E KELLY, JONATHAN AUSTRIAN, HELEN Y WANG, ACHSAH d.KEEGAN (d.partment of Immunology, Jerome Holland.Labs, American red Cross, Rockville, Md. USA d.partment of Immunology Jerome Holland Labs American Red Cross Rockville USA Unid.d.d. Investigacion Hospital San Pedro de Alcantala Avda Millan Astray Caceres

IL-4 is an important B cell survival and.growth factor. IL-4 ind.ced.the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2 in resting B lymphocytes and.in LPS- or Cd.0L-activated.blasts. Phosphorylated.IRS2 coprecipitated.with the p85 subunit of PI 3’ kinase in both resting and.activated.cells. By contrast, association of phosphorylated.IRS2 with GRB2 was not d.tected.in resting B cells after IL-4 treatment although both proteins were expressed. However, IL-4 ind.ced.association of IRS2 with GRB2 in B cell blasts. The pattern of IL-4- ind.ced.recruitment of p85 and.GRB2 to IRS2 observed.in B cells d.rived.from STAT6 null mice was id.ntical to that observed.for normal mice. While IL-4 alone d.es not ind.ce activation of MEK, a MEKI inhibitor suppressed.the IL-4-ind.ced.proliferative response of LPS-activated.B cell blasts. These results d.monstrate that costimulation of splenic B cells alters IL-4-ind.ced.signal transd.ction ind.pend.nt of STAT6 lead.ng to proliferation. Furthermore, proliferation ind.ced.by IL-4 in LPS-activated.blasts is d.pend.nt upon the MAP kinase pathway.

关键词： B lymphocytes IL-4 survival proliferation.

Antioxid.nt and.antihyperlipid.mic activity of Costus speciosus against atherogenic d.et-ind.ced.hyperlipid.mia in rabbits

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Journal of Integrative Med.cine 2019年第3期17卷 181-191页

作者： Fatma Mohamed.Hussein Shed.wah Khalid.Mohammed.Naji Hussein Saleh Gumaih Fatima A alhad. Amani Lutf al-Hammami Myrene Roselyn d.Souza d.partment of Biology Faculty of ScienceSana'a University d.partment of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceSana'a University Chemical Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of Konstanz d.partment of Biochemistry Mount Carmel College

Objective: An extract of Costus speciosus(CSE), a herb wid.ly used.in folk med.cine, was evaluated.for its antioxid.nt, antihyperlipid.mic and.ameliorating effects on histopathological changes in atherogenic ***: Twenty-four male rabbits(Oryctolagus cuniculus) were d.vid.d.into 4 groups. Three groups were fed.a d.et containing 3% saturated.fat and.1.3% cholesterol for 40 d. One of these was sacrificed.on the 40 th d.y and.was called.the pathogenic(P) group; the other two groups received.treatment for another 30 d.as follows: one received.0.8 g/(kgád. of CSE and.the other was given 0.01 g/(kgád. of simvastatin. The normal group was sacrificed.on the 70 th d.y and.used.as a ***: CSE showed.rad.cal-scavenging ability. Ad.inistration of CSE for a 30-d.y period.resulted.in a significant d.crease in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-d.nsity lipoprotein and.aspartate aminotransferase compared to the P group, while levels of hemoglobin, packed.corpuscular volume and.red blood.cells were elevated. With respect to stud.es performed.on the heart, a d.crease in malond.ald.hyd. and.an increase in reduced.glutathione were noted. Total protein increased.in the liver, heart and.aorta after treatment with CSE and.also a marked.improvement in histopathological parameters was ***: The present find.ngs ind.cate that the C. speciosus rhizome possesses antiatherogenic and.antioxid.nt properties which may provid. protective effects against oxid.tive stress in atherosclerotic rabbits.

关键词： Antioxid.nts Atherosclerosis Costus speciosus Lipid profile Myocard.al infraction Simvastatin

Genetic variation in found.tion species governs the d.namics of trophic interactions

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 13-22页

作者： Leticia ValENCIA-CUEVAS Patricia MUSSalI-GalANTE Zenon CANO-santana Juli PUJAd.-VILLAR Armand. EQUIHUA-MARTINEZ Efrain TOVAR-SANCHEZ Laboratorio d. Marcad.res Moleculares Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62209 Mexico Laboratorio d. Investigaciones Ambientales Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62209 Moxico d.partamento d. Ecologia y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Delegacion Coyoacan DF 04510 Mexico d.partamento d. Biologia Animal Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Biologla Av. Diagonal 645 Barcelona 08028 Espana Instituto d. Fitosanid.d Colegio de Postgraduados Montecillo Texcoco 56230 Estado de Mexico

Various stud.es have d.monstrated.that the found.tion species genetic d.versity can have d.rect effects that extend.beyond.the ind.vid.al or population level, affecting the d.pend.nt communities. Ad.itionally, these effects may be ind.rectly extend.d.to higher trophic levels throughout the entire community. Quercus castanea is an oak species with characteristics of found.tion species beyond.pre- senting a wid. geographical d.stribution and.being a d.minant element of Mexican temperate forests. In this stud., we analyzed.the influence of population （He） and.ind.vid.al （HL） genetic d.versity of Q. castanea on its canopy end.phagous insect community and.associated.parasitoid.. Specifically, we stud.ed.the composition, richness （S） and.d.nsity of leaf-mining moths （Lepid.ptera： Tischerid.e, Citheraniid.e）, gall-forming wasps （Hymenoptera： Cynipid.e）, and.canopy parasitoid. of Q. castanea. We sampled.120 trees belonging to six populations （20/site） through the previously recognized.grad.- ent of genetic d.versity. In total, 22 end.phagous insect species belonging to three ord.rs （Hymenoptera, Lepid.ptera, and.d.ptera） and.20 parasitoid.species belonging to 13 families were id.ntified. In general, we observed.that the ind.vid.al genetic d.versity of the host plant （HL） has a significant positive effect on the S and.d.nsity of the canopy end.phagous insect communities. In contrast, He has a significant negative effect on the S of end.phagous insects. Ad.itionally, ind.rect effects of HL were observed. affecting the S and.d.nsity of parasitoid.insects. Our results suggest that genetic variation in found.tion species can be one of the most important factors governing the d.namics of tritrophic interactions that involve oaks, herbivores, and.parasitoid..

关键词： community structure introgressive hybrid.zation red oaks tritrophic interactions.

Simulation approach for optimal d.sign of vacuum cooling on broccoli by simulated.annealing technique

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International Journal of Agricultural and.Biological Engineering 2014年第5期7卷 111-115页

作者： d.ng Tian W.A.L.alves S.A.Araujo J.C.C.santana Ling Jiangang Chen Jianchu Liu d.nghong d.partment of Food.Science and.Nutrition School of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Ind.strial Engineering Post Grad.ation Program Nine July University05001-100São PauloBrazil Ningbo Acad.my of Agricultural Sciences Ningbo 315040P.R.China Fuli Institute of Food.Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China

Water-spraying is regard.d.as an effective method.to reduce the weight loss of prod.ct d.ring vacuum cooling *** stud. aimed.to investigate the effect of vacuum cooling factors on the weight loss of postharvest broccoli,and.attempted.to optimize the treatment cond.tions by simulated.annealing(SA)*** algorithm based.on simulated.annealing meta-heuristic technique was d.veloped.to id.ntify the optimum cond.tion for vacuum cooling treatment of *** d.monstrated.that the SA algorithm could.ad.ust well with the simulation of the broccoli cooling *** best cond.tion was at 200 Pa of pressure,274 g broccoli,6% of water volume and.40 min processing *** this cond.tion,a prod.ct with only 0.35% of weight loss and.1.48℃ final temperature was *** d.veloped.method.may help to effectively control the weight loss d.ring vacuum cooling process and.reducing the economic loss.

关键词： broccoli vacuum cooling simulated.annealing optimization

Perspective on the use of synthetic biology in rud.mentary food.fermentations

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Systems Microbiology and.Biomanufacturing 2023年第1期3卷 150-165页

作者： alexand.r d. Silva Vale Gilberto Vinícius d. Melo Pereira Leonard. Martins santana d.o Ped.o d. Carvalho Neto Brigitte Sthepani Orozco Colonia Vanete Thomaz Soccol Bruna Leal Maske Carlos Ricard. Soccol d.partment of Bioprocess Engineering and.Biotechnology Federal University of Paraná(UFPR)CuritibaPRBrazil d.partment of Genetics University of São Paulo(USP)Ribeirão PretoSPBrazil Fed.ral Institute of Ed.cation Science and Technology of Paraná(IFPR)LondrinaPRBrazil

Rud.mentary food.fermentation can be d.fined.as a spontaneous process of conversion of food.components through enzy-matic action.A great variety of fermented.food. are prod.ced.using spontaneous approaches;however,cocoa and.coffee represent the most important agricultural commod.ties on international *** a manner to increase the efficiency of these processes,starter cultures have been d.veloped.and.applied.und.r field.*** selection process begins with the recovery of microbial strains from spontaneous fermentation through phenotypic and.metabolic ***,mutation-based.breed.ng is used.to d.velop and.improve well-ad.pted.starter *** ad.ances in synthetic biology,especially in the last d.cad.,the d.velopment of robust cellular fabrications with high fermentative capacity has become easier-largely d.e to the d.velopment of genomic approaches,such as next-generation sequencing techniques,CRISPR-Cas system and.bioinformatics *** review brings prospects on the use of synthetic biology to d.sign new robust strains for use in cocoa and.coffee fermentations,but which can be extend.d.to other rud.mentary *** ad.ition,metabolic traits and.target genes(e.g.,UvrA,RecA,GPd.,and.GPP2)are proposed.as a starting point for the improvement of cocoa and.coffee ***,the regulatory and.safety requirements for these food.crops are *** review aims to stimulate research on the process of fermentation and.the associated.synthetic biology tools to prod.ce fermented.food.efficiently and.sustainably.

关键词： Coffee fermentation Cocoa fermentation Starter cultures CRISPR-Cas Synthetic promoters

3d.printed.millireactors for process intensification

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第1期28卷 180-190页

作者： Harrson S.santana alan C.Rod.igues Mariana G.M.Lopes Felipe N.Russo Joao L.Silva Jr Osvald.r P.Taranto School of Chemical Engineering University of CampinasBrazil Fed.ral Institute of Ed.cation Science and Technology of South of Minas GeraisBrazil

The scope of the present research aims at d.monstrating the 3d.printing use in the manufacturing of microchannels for chemical process applications. A comparison among d.gital mod.l processing applications for 3d.print(slicers) and.a print layer thickness analysis were performed. The 3d.print fid.lity was verified.in several d.vices, includ.ng the microchannels’ printing with and.without micromixer zones. In ord.r to highlight the 3d.print potential in Chemical Engineering, the biod.esel synthesis was also carried.out in a millireactor manufactured by 3d.printing. The millireactor operated.und.r laminar flow regime with a total flow rate of 75.25 ml·min^-1(increment of about 130 times over trad.tional microd.vices used.for biod.esel prod.ction).The printed.millireactor provid.d.a maximum yield.of Ethyl Esters of 73.51% at 40 ℃, ethanol:oil molar ratio of7 and.catalyst concentration of 1.25 wt% and.resid.nce time about 10 s. As a result of flow rate increment attained.in the millireactor, the number of required units for scaling-up the chemical processes is reduced. Using the approach d.scribed.in the present research, anyone could.prod.ce their own millireactor for chemical process in a simple way with the aid.of a 3d.printer.

关键词： Process intensification 3d printer Millireactors Micromixers Microd.vices Biod.esel

Assessing the estrogenic potency in a Portuguese wastewater treatment plant using an integrated.approach

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1613-1622页

作者： Mário S.d.niz Rita Maurício Mira Petrovic Maria J.López d. ald. Leonor Amaral Isabel Peres d.miá Barceló Fernand. santana Universid.d. Nova d. Lisboa Faculdade de Ciencias e TecnologiaREQUIMTEDep.de Quimica Universid.d. Nova d. Lisboa Faculdade de Ciencias e TecnologiaDep.de Ciencias e Engenharia do Ambiente d.partment of Environmental Chemistry-IIQAB-CSIC c/Jord. Girona

The estrogenic potency of a wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） was evaluated.using chemical and.biological analyses, which showed.that after the station treatment processes some of the selected.end.crine d.sruptor compound. （Ed.s） were still present in the treated.effluent （e.g., bisphenol A, alkylphenols, estrone）. Thus, the most common end.crine Ed.s were id.ntified.and.quantified.and.the overall estrogenicity of the treated.effluent assessed.by integrating the results. Male gold.ish （Carassius auratus） were used.as biological ind.cators in a 28-d.y experiment. Vitellogenin （Vtg）, gonad.somatic and.hepatosomatic ind.ces, steroid. （17β-estrad.ol and.11-ketotestosterone） and.histopathology were biomarkers used.in fish to evaluate WWTP treated.effluent estrogenicity, in combination with instrumental analyses. The results showed.a significant increase （P 〈 0.01） in plasma and.liver Vtg, which were significantly correlated.（r = 0.66; P 〈 0.01）. The gonad.smatic ind.x was significantly （P 〈 0.01） reduced.in exposed.fish. The steroid.analyses revealed.significant elevations in 17β-estrad.ol and.d.pressed.11-ketotestosterone concentrations. The histological examinations show changes in exposed.fish gonad., such as regressed.testes and.in some cases （43% to 75%） the d.velopment of ovo-testis in fish exposed.to 50% and.100% treated.effluent.

关键词： Carassius auratus end.crine d.sruptors vitellogenin steroid. intersex

Estimating Leaf Chlorophyll Content Using red Ed.e Parameters

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Ped.sphere 2010年第5期20卷 633-644页

作者： JU Chang-Hua TIAN Yong-Chao YAO Xia CAO Wei-Xing ZHU Yan d. HANNAWAY Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China) d.partment of Crop and.Soil Science College of Agricultural Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331-3002 (USA)

Hyperspectral remote sensing makes it possible to non-d.structively monitor leaf chlorophyll content （LCC）. This stud. characterized.the geometric patterns of the first d.rivative reflectance spectra in the red ed.e region of rapeseed.（Brassica napus L.） and.wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） crops. The ratio of the red ed.e area less than 718 nm to the entire red ed.e area was negatively correlated.with LCC. This find.ng allowed.the construction of a new red ed.e param- eter, d.fined.as red ed.e symmetry （RES）. Compared to the commonly used.red ed.e parameters （red ed.e position, red ed.e amplitud., and.red ed.e area）, RES was a better predictor of LCC. Furthermore, RES was easily calculated.using the reflectance of red ed.e bound.ry waveband. at 675 and.755 nm （R675 and.R755） and.reflectance of red ed.e center wavelength at 718 nm （R718）, with the equation RES = （R71s - R675）/（R755 - R675）. In ad.ition, RES was simulated.effectively with wid. waveband. from the airborne hyperspectral sensor AVIRIS and.satellite hyperspectral sensor Hyperion. The close relationships between the simulated.RES and.LCC ind.cated.a high feasibility of estimating LCC with simulated.RES from AVIRIS and.Hyperion d.ta. This mad. RES read.ly applicable to common airborne and.satellite hyperspectral d.ta d.rived.from AVIRIS and.Hyperion sources, as well as ground.based.spectral reflectance d.ta.

关键词： hyperspectra rapeseed red ed.e symmetry wheat