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nanosecond pulse and dual-wavelength Q-switched 1.5 μm fiber laser using MAX phase Cr2TialC2 saturable absorber

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optoelectronics letters 2025年第1期21卷 7-12页

作者： Ahmed Shakir al-HITI Hiba HASSAn Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Anbar Department of laser and optoelectronics Engineering University of Technology-Iraq

We demonstrated a new type of MAX phase material, chromium titanium aluminum carbide（Cr2TialC2） polymer film, to generate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser（EDFl）. The film thickness was measured to be around 45 μm, which was fabricated using the embedding method with polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） polymer as hoster. The saturable absorber（SA） film demonstrates a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched EDFl which operates at 1 531 nm and 1 560.19 nm, respectively. The Q-switching pulse duration could be varied from 2.46 μs to 770 ns, while the repetition rate varied from 92.76 kHz to 106.6 kHz with an increasing input pumping range from 154 mW to 300 mW. The maximum output power and pulse energy of 15.05 mW and 141.18 nJ were obtained at the maximum input power of 300 mW, respectively.

关键词： Saturable absorbers

Comparative chemical sensor for detection of chromium(Ⅵ) in aqueous solution

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optoelectronics letters 2025年第1期21卷 21-27页

作者： Sura H.al-REKABI A.A.alWAHIB Electrical Technique Department Al Suwayrah Technical Institute Middle Technical University laser and optoelectronics Department University of Technology-Iraq

A process for purifying aqueous solutions containing heavy and toxic metals such as chromium（Cr） has been investigated. one of the extremely harmful pollutants in rivers and seawater is the heavy metal ions due to their direct impacts on human, animals and plants are hexavalent Cr（Ⅵ）. Consequently, highly sensitive sensor to detect Cr is essential. Surface plasmon resonance（SPR） technique has attracted huge research interest in detecting heavy metals specifically. In this study, three types of prism-based SPR sensor, gold（Au）/silver（Ag）, Au/polyaniline（PAnI） and Au/titanium dioxide（Tio2） nanostructured films, are investigated as potential sensing material to detect the presence of Cr（Ⅵ） ions in water. The base Au layer with thickness of 48.3 nm is deposited on a glass slide for all sensors. For Au/Ag, Au/PAnI nanofibers and Au/Tio2sensor films, the Cr（Ⅵ） concentration is varied from 1 ppm to 15 ppm with sensitivity of 0.270 °ppm-1, 0.082 °ppm-1and 0.039 °ppm-1, respectively. Based on these results, the Au/PAnI nanofibers are the most sensitive to Cr（Ⅵ） among the tested sensing materials.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

Effects of P301l-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad al Kabbani Christoph Köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301l)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301l-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301l-TAU in human MAPT-Ko induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301l-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2n4R)with the P301l mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301l-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2n4R-wildtype-TAU.P301l-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301l-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301l pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

Blood biomarkers of alzheimer’s disease:important considerations for use in clinical practice

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 205-206页

作者： Sarah Fullam Sean o’Dowd Antoinette o’Connor Department of neurology Tallaght University HospitalDublinIreland Academic Unit of neurology Trinity College DublinIreland

Introduction:Fluid and positron emission tomography(PET)biomarkers that enable the detection of the hallmark proteins of alzheimer’s disease(AD)(amyloid and tau)have revolutionized our approach to the diagnosis of *** evolution of AD diagnostic criteria to include biological characterization(alzheimer’s Association Working Group,2023)provides an appropriate framework to reduce levels of clinico-pathologic mismatch and improve in-vivo diagnostic *** the therapeutic landscape for neurodegenerative disease evolves,it is increasingly incumbent on clinicians to provide timely,and pathologically precise diagnoses for ***,the expensive and invasive nature of these tests limits their scalability.

关键词： Blood alzheimer diagnosis

Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl lászlóGál Sylvia nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tnGCs). However, the use of tnGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tnGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tnGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tnGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tnGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tnGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tnGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tnGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. our data proves that macroporous tnGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João B.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CnS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CnS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

An analysis of vehicular exhaust derived nanoparticles and historical Belgium fortress building interfaces

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2053-2060页

作者： luis F.o.Silva Diana Pinto al.indo neckel Marcos l.S.oliveira Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.Universidad de la Costa CUCCalle 58#55-66BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Faculdade Meridional IMED 304-Passo FundoRS 99070-220Brazil University of Antwerp Prinsstraat 132000AntwerpBelgium

Air pollution monitoring is one of the most important features in contamination risk *** is because many of the compounds contained within air pollution present a serious risk both for the preservation of open air cultural heritage and for human *** particle formation is a major contributor to urban pollution,but how it occurs in cities is often *** more and more people enjoy an increased quality of life through outdoor activity,managing outdoor air quality is *** study presents the application of a low-cost system for monitoring the current level of road traffic passengers’exposure to particulate air *** global rise in tourism also leads to apprehension about its probable destructive influence on various aspects of global *** of the major risks encountered by tourists,stemming from modes of transport,are nanoparticles(nPs)(nm)and ultra-fine particles(UFPs)(100-1000 nm)consisting of potentially hazardous elements(PHEs).This study examines Steen Castle,a medieval fortress located in Antwerp,*** nPs with PHEs,were found in the air sampled in this *** self-made passive sampler(lSPS)described in this study,consisting of retainers specially designed for advanced microscopic analysis,is used for the first time as a simple way to characterize the surrounding atmospheric contamination caused by nPs and UFPs,without the need of other commonly employed more expensive particulate focused active samplers such as cascade *** study aims to assess the result of the utilization of a low-cost,lSPS,to determine outdoor nPs and UFPs in a Belgian urban(Steen Castle)and rural area(Fort van Schoten).This work is the first to detail the usefulness of lSPS for the evaluation of Belgium’s outdoor air for nPs and UFPs,which contain PHEs.

关键词： Atmospheric contamination Historic construction Carbonaceous particles Source investigation Vehicular traffic effects

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith liwen Zhou Cameron l.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley o.Tucker JuliAnne allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

nano-Enhanced Dairy Scum Biodiesel Blends:Unleashing the Power of aluminium oxide for Sustainable and Efficient Engine Performance

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期 283-302页

作者： Veeranna MoDI Prasad B.RAMPURE Sunil Kumar SHETTY Madeva nAGARal Channa Keshava nAIK n Johar MGM Muhammad Irsyad ABDUllAH Abdullah I.al-MAnSoUR Shamshad alAM KlE College of Engineering and Technology ChikodiVisvesvaraya Technological University nitte (Deemed to be University) NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT)Department of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft Research and Design Centre HAL Department of Mechanical Engineering BGS College of Engineering and TechnologyBengaluruAffiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Management and Science University Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud University

This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel *** dispersion of al2o3nanoparticles in B20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of *** number of blends were prepared for the *** Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest（RF）and CatBoost) was used for the *** results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with *** these Fuel blends have higher calorific *** blends exhibited reduced Brake Specific Fuel Consumption（BSFC） of2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl Ester Biodiesel 20%+neat Diesel 80%（in volume）,DSMEB20),57.14% less Co,40.8% less hydrocarbon,and increased noxemissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with *** B20nP30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission *** study concludes with findings on enhanced Brake Thermal Efficiency（BTE） of 26.29% in 3×10-5（in volume） al2o3nanoparticle-blended DSME B20 and other DSME B20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle *** correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures（BTE,BSFC）,and emissions（Co,Co2,nox,Smoke） are connected in complex *** results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics ***'s diagram for BTE and BSFC shows that CatBoost-based BTE models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing *** results were obtained for Co and Co2emission results.

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