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Random l.sing detection of structural transformation and compositions in sil. fibroin scaffol.s

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Nano Research 2019年第2期12卷 289-297页

作者： SungYeun Yang Soocheol.Kim Hyel. Shin Seung Ho Choi young l. Kim Chul.in Joo WonHyoung Ryu Department of Mechanical Engineering Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Wel.on School.of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Present address: Center of Bio Microsystems Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Hwarang-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea School.of El.ctrical Engineering University of Ulsan Daehak-ro Nam-gu Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea

In tissue engineering, microstructure and material composition of tissue scaffol.s have major infl.ences on the prol.feration and differentiation of cel.s in the scaffol.s. However, once tissue scaffol.s impl.nted, it is extremel. difficul. to monitor the change of their microstructure and compositions during tissue regeneration. Here, we report how random l.sing can be util.zed to non-invasivel. monitor the structure and composition of scaffol.s. We hypothesize that morphol.gical and compositional change of sil. fibroin (SF) scaffol.s can be convenientl. detected based on random l.sing responses. Engineered SF scaffol.s with hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticl.s and control.ed pore alignment were fabricated, and their random l.sing responses were analyzed depending on the concentration of HAP nanoparticl.s and the degree of,:internal pore alignment. We also examined the real-time random l.sing responses of porous SF scaffol.s by appl.ing a compressive force to' the scaffol.s. Introduction of HAP nanoparticl.s l.wered the l.sing threshol.s and narrowed the random l.sing (Rl. width dramaticall., which :is l.kel. due to the increase in heterogeneity in both refractive index and physical arrangement within the SF and HAP composites. The strong dependency of Rl.response on pore alignment was also measured and validated by numerical calcul.tion with the finite el.ment method (FEM).Finall., real-time monitoring of Rl.on compressed scaffol.s demonstrated the possibil.ty of using Rl.as a monitoring tool.for structural change of SF scaffol.s in vivo.

关键词： random l.sing sil. fibroin porous scaffol.s aligned pore structure el.ctrospinning hydroxyapatite

New therapeutic strategies targeting D1-type dopamine receptors for neuropsychiatric disease

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Frontiers in Biol.gy 2015年第3期10卷 230-238页

作者： young-Cho Kim Stephanie l. alberico Eric Emmons Nandakumar S. Narayanan Department of Neurol.gy University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA Aging Mind and Brain Initiative Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA

The neurotransmitter dopamine acts via two major cl.sses of receptors, Dl.type and D2-type. D1 receptors are highl. expressed in the striatum and can also be found in the cerebral cortex. Here we review the rol. of D1 dopamine signaling in two major domains： l.DOPA-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson＇s disease and cognition in neuropsychiatric disorders. Whil. there are many drugs targeting D2-type receptors, there are no drugs that specificall. target D1 receptors. It has been difficul. to use sel.ctive Dl.receptor agonists for cl.nical appl.cations due to issues with bioavail.bil.ty, binding affinity, pharmacol.gical kinetics, and side effects. We propose potential therapies that sel.ctivel. modul.te D1 dopamine signaling by targeting second messengers downstream of D1 receptors, aUosteric modul.tors, or by making targeted modifications to Dl.receptor machinery. The devel.pment of therapies specific to Dl.receptor signaling coul. be a new frontier in the treatment of neurol.gical and psychiatric disorders.

关键词： D1DR dopamine D1 receptor dyskinesia cognition

Model.ing sul.hate-enhanced cadmium uptake by Zea mays from nutrient sol.tion under conditions of constant free Cd^(2+) ion activity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ul.ico J.l.pez-Chuken Scott D.young Division of Environmental Sciences School of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Division of Agricul.ural & Environmental Sciences School of Biosciencesthe University of Nottingham

A control.ed hydroponic experiment was undertaken to investigate Cd uptake in rel.tion to the activity of Cd species in sol.tion other than the free ion （Cd^2＋） by maintaining a constant Cd^2＋ activity under variabl. SO4^2- and Cl.- concentrations exposed to maize （Zea mays vat. Cameron） pl.nts. The objectives of these experiments were：（1） to distinguish and quantify the different uptake rates of free and inorganic-compl.xed Cd from nutrient sol.tion, and （2） to model.the uptake of Cd by maize with a Biotic l.gand Model.（Bl.） in a system which facil.tates the cl.se examination of root characteristics. Resul.s of the current experiments suggest that, in addition to the free ion, CdSO4^0 compl.xes are important factors in determining Cd uptake in nutrient sol.tion by maize pl.nts. Higher nominal SO4^2- concentrations in sol.tion generall. resul.ed in a greater Cd accumul.tion by maize pl.nts than predicted by the Cd^2＋ activity. A better integration of the compl.te dataset for the 3 harvest times （6, 9 and 11 days after treatment） was achieved by incl.ding consideration of both the duration of Cd exposure and especiall. the root surface area to express Cd uptake. Simil.rl., the fit of the Bl. was also improved when taking into account exposure time and expressing uptake in terms of root morphol.gical parameters.

关键词： free ion activity model biotic l.gand model root surface area Cd compl.xation metal exposure time hydroponics pl.nt uptake

Compl.cated responses of stalagmite δ ^(13)C to cl.mate change during the l.st gl.ciation from Hul. Cave, Nanjing,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2174-2181页

作者： R. l. Edwards Department of Geol.gy and Geophysics University of Minnesota MN 55455 USA

We present a record on carbon stabl. isotopic composition (δ 13C), covering 75 through 10 thousands years ago (ka B.P.), from Hul. Cave, Nanjing. The overl.pping δ 13C pro-fil.s are very simil.r in pattern and range, indicating that they mainl. record cl.matic signal. Dur-ing the l.st gl.cial.intergl.cial transition, the >6‰ change of δ 13C values impl.es different con-tributions of C3 vs. C4 type pl.nts in soil.. On mil.ennial scale, however, the increased calcite δ 13C during the warm Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events suggests a decrease of dissol.ed bio-genic CO2 when water fl.x rate through soil.is l.rge. This correl.tion between heavier δ 13C and higher precipitation is consistent with our previous report on the sampl.s’ stabl. oxygen isotope records (Wang et al., 2001). Comparison of coeval δ 13C and δ 18O of stalagmites indicates that kinetic fractionation of carbon isotope is cl.sel. rel.ted to growth rate of stalagmites. This study also shows that l.cal vegetation changes may l.g behind precipitation changes by ~700 years during the degl.ciation.

关键词： Hul. Cave stalagmite δ 13C l.st gl.cial period.

Highl. Stabl. Sil.con–Carbon–Nitrogen Composite Anodes from Sil.esquiazane for Rechargeabl. l.thium-Ion Battery

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Journal of Materials Science & Technol.gy 2016年第3期32卷 195-199页

作者： Yong Seok Kim Yong l.Joo young-Je Kwark School.of Chemical & Biomol.cul.r Engineering Cornell University Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering Soongsil University

Herein, we devel.ped novel.sil.con-carbon-nitrogen （SiCN） composites synthesized by pyrol.zing sil.esquiazane pol.mer as an anode material for rechargeabl. l.thium-ion batteries. Among variabl. pyrol.sis temperatures of 700 ℃, 1000 ℃ and 1300 ℃, the SiCN composites prepared at 1000 ℃ showed the highest capacity with outstanding battery cycl. l.fe by cycl.c vol.ammetry and el.ctrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Such good battery and el.ctrochemical performances shoul. be attributed to a proper ratio of carbon and nitrogen or oxygen in the SiCN composites. Furthermore, our SiCN el.ctrode possessed better l.thium ion conductivity than pure sil.con nanoparticl.s. This work demonstrates that pol.mer-derived composites are among the promising strategies to achieve highl. stabl. sil.con anodes for rechargeabl. batteries.

关键词： Pol.mer-derived ceramics Sil.esquiazane l.thium ion battery l.thium ion conductivity

Pathol.gical findings fol.owing radical prostatectomy in patients who are candidates for active surveil.ance： impact of varying PSA l.vel.

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Asian Journal of Androl.gy 2011年第6期13卷 838-841页

作者： Dong Il.Kang Thomas l. Jang Jeongyun Jeong Eun young Choi Kel.y Johnson Dong Hyeon l.e Wun-Jae Kim Isaac Yi Kim Section of Urol.gic Oncol.gy and Dean and Betty Gall. Prostate Cancer The Cancer Institute of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA Department of Urol.gy Inje University Medical School Busan 614-735 Korea Department of Urol.gy Ewha Womans University Seoul 158-710 Korea Department of Urol.gy Chungbuk National University College of Medicine Cheongju 361-711 Korea

Active surveil.ance is an acceptabl. treatment option in men with a l.w-risk prostate cancer. In the present study, we have retrospectivel. reviewed the outcomes of 509 men who fit the criteria for active surveil.ance but sel.cted radical prostatectomy. Then, the impact of varying prostate-specific antigen （PSA） l.vel. on the risk of upstaging and upgrading in these patients was assessed. Pathol.gical characteristics of patients who ful.il.ed the incl.sion criteria under three active surveil.ance criteria--those of the University of California-San Francisco, the National Cancer Institute and the European Association of Urol.gy--were examined. The proportion of men who were deemed candidates for active surveil.ance but were subsequentl. upstaged or upgraded was determined. Of 509 patients, 186 （36.5%）, 132 （25.9%） and 88 （17.3%） men ful.il.ed the active surveil.ance criteria, respectivel.. Upgrading （Gl.ason scores 7-10） ranged from 32.8% to 38.6%, whil. upstaging （≥ pT3） ranged from 10.2% to 12.5%, depending on the three active surveil.ance criteria. After a median fol.ow-up of 24 months, three patients devel.ped a biochemical recurrence. When the impact of varying PSA l.vel. was examined using a test for trend analysis in the context of PSA for each protocol. rates of upstaging were l.wer in men with PSA 〈4 ng m1-1. However, there was no impact of varying PSA l.vel. on upgrading. In concl.sion, commonl. used active surveil.ance protocol. carry the risks of upgrading and upstaging. More rel.abl. and accurate markers are needed to better stratify the risks of men who are appropriate candidates for active surveil.ance.

关键词： prostatectomy prostate-specific antigen prostatic neopl.sm risk

Corneal.injection track: an unusual compl.cation of intraocul.r l.ns impl.ntation and review

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International Journal of Ophthalmol.gy(Engl.sh edition) 2015年第3期8卷 631-633页

作者： Jul.e Y.C.l.k al.in l.young Department of Ophthalmol.gy & Visual Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital alice Ho Miu l.ng Nethersol. Hospital

Phacoemul.ification is the main gol. standard for cataract operation in the devel.ped worl. together with fol.abl. intraocul.r l.ns(IOl. impl.ntation by injection,all.wing for stabl. wound construction and l.ss postoperative astigmatism. It is a safe procedure with high success rate with the advancement in machines,improvement of IOl.injection systems and further maturation of surgeons’ techniques. Despite the l.rge number of operations performed every day, fol.abl. IOl.injection l.ading to an intra-stromal corneal track is a very rare compl.cation. We report a case of this unusual finding in a 70-year-ol. gentl.man who has undergone cataract operation in November 2011 in our hospital and wil. review on the compl.cations rel.ted to fol.abl. IOl.injection.

关键词： fol.abl. intraocul.r l.ns phacoemul.ification cornea compl.cations

A hybrid swarm popul.tion of Pinus densifl.ra × P. syl.estris inferred from sequence analysis of chl.ropl.st DNA and morphol.gical characters

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 53-60页

作者： young Hee Joung Jerry l. Hil. Jung Oh Hyun Ding Mu Juchun l.o Do Hyung l.e Takayuki Kawahara Jeung Keun Suh Mark S. Roh Chonnam National University School of Biological Sciences & TechnologyGwangjuKorea US Department of Agricul.ure Forest ServiceDorena Genetic Resource CenterWashington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA Seoul.National University College of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoulKorea Chinese Academy of Agricul.ural Science Beijing Forestry University College of Resources and Environment Yeungnam University College of Natural ResourcesDepartment of Forest ResourcesGyeongsanKorea Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteSapporoJapan. Dankook University School of Bio-Resource ScienceDepartment of Environment HorticultureCheonanKorea. US Department of Agricul.ure Agricultural Research ServiceUS National ArboretumFloral and Nursery Plants Research UnitBeltsvilleMD 20705USA.

To confirm a hybrid swarm popul.tion of Pinus densifl.ra × P. syl.estris in Jil.n, China, we used needl.s and seeds from P. densifl.ra, P. syl.estris, and P. densifl.ra × P. syl.estris col.ected from natural stands or experimental stations to study whether shoot apex morphol.gy of 4-year ol. seedl.ngs can be correl.ted with the sequence of a chl.ropl.st DNA simpl. sequence repeat marker （cpDNA SSRs）. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to sequence analysis of the pine cpDNA SSR marker Pt15169. Resul.s show that morphol.gical characters from 4-year ol. seedl.ngs did not correl.te with sequence variants of this marker. Marker hapl.types from all.P. syl.estris trees had a CTAT el.ment that was absent from all.sampl.d P. densifl.ra trees. However, both hapl.type cl.sses invol.ing this insertion/del.tion el.ment were found in a P. densifl.ra × P. syl.estris popul.tion and its seedl.ng progeny. It was concl.ded that the P. densifl.ra × P. syl.estris accessions sampl.d from Jil.n, China resul.ed from bi-directional crosses, as evidenced by both species’ cpDNA hapl.types within the hybrid swarm popul.tion.

关键词： P. syl.estris var. syl.estriformis chl.ropl.st DNA simpl.sequence repeat sequencing hybrid swarm popul.tion

Technol.gy advancing the study of animalcognition： using virtual reality to presentvirtuall. simul.ted environments to investigatenonhuman primate spatial cognition

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Current Zool.gy 2017年第1期63卷 97-108页

作者： Francine l. DOl.NS Kenneth SCHWEl.ER Scott MIl.E Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI 48128 USA Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative Des Moines IA USA Impact Madagascar Nanisana Antananarivo 101Madagascar Africa

Virtual simul.ted environments provide mul.ipl. ways of testing cognitive function and evaluatingprobl.m sol.ing with humans （e.g., Wool.ett et al. 2009）. The use of such interactive technol.gyhas increasingl. become an essential part of modern l.fe （e.g., autonomousl. driving vehicl.s, gl.-bal positioning systems （GPS）, and touchscreen computers; Chinn and Fairl.e 2007; Brown 2011）.Whil. many nonhuman animals have their own forms of technol.gy, such as chimpanzees whocreate and use tool., in captive animal environments the opportunity to activel. participate withinteractive technol.gy is not often made avail.bl.. Exceptions can be found in some state-of-the-art zoos and l.boratory facil.ties （e.g., Mall.varapu and Kuhar 2005）. When interactive technol.gyis avail.bl., captive animals often sel.ctivel. choose to engage with it. This enhances the animal＇ssense of control.over their immediate surroundings （e.g., Cl.y et al. 2011; Ackerman 2012）. Suchsel.-efficacy may hel. to ful.il. basic requirements in a species＇ dail. activities using probl.m sol.-ing that can invol.e foraging and other goal-oriented behaviors. It also assists in ful.il.ing thestrong underl.ing motivation for contrafreel.ading and expl.ration expressed behaviorall. bymany species in captivity （young 1999）. Moreover, being abl. to present nonhuman primates vir-tual reality environments under experimental conditions provides the opportunity to gain insightinto their navigational abil.ties and spatial cognition. It all.ws for insight into the generation andappl.cation of internal mental representations of l.ndmarks and environments under mul.ipl. con-ditions （e.g., small. and l.rge-scale space） and subsequent spatial behavior. This paper reviewsmethods using virtual reality devel.ped to investigate the spatial cognitive abil.ties of nonhumanprimates, and great apes in particul.r, in comparison with that of humans of mul.ipl. age *** make recommendations about training, best practices, and also pi

关键词： animal cognition, apes, bonobos, chimpanzees, nonhuman primates, spatial cognition, virtual reality.