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Flesh Color Diversity of Sweet Potato: An Overview of the Composition, Functions, Biosynthesis, and Gene Regulation of the Major Pigments

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第4期89卷 805-833页

作者： Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede Chuntao Su akwasi yeboah Chunhua Chen Shaoxia Yang Hongbo Zhu Miao Chen Department of Biotechnology College of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang524088China

Sweet potato is a multifunctional root crop and a source of food with many essential nutrients and bioactive compounds.Variations in the flesh color of the diverse sweet potato varieties are attributed to the different phytochemicals and natural pigments they produce.Among them,carotenoids and anthocyanins are the main pigments known for their antioxidant properties which provide a host of health benefits,hence,regarded as a major component of the human diet.In this review,we provide an overview of the major pigments in sweet potato with much emphasis on their biosynthesis,functions,and regulatory control.More-over,current findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids and anthocyanins in sweet potato are discussed.Insights into the composition,biosynthesis,and regulatory control of these major pigments will further advance the biofortification of sweet potato and provide a reference for breeding carotenoid-and anthocyanin-rich varieties.

关键词： Anthocyanin biosynthesis carotenoid flesh color sweet potato

Assessment of Castor Plant (Ricinus communis L.) Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress-A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 453-472页

作者： akwasi yeboah Jiannong Lu Ting Yang Yuzhen Shi Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim Boateng Xuegui Yin Department of Crop Breeding and Genetics College of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang524088China The National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology(Beijing)Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China

Increased urbanization and industrialization have greatly contributed to the emission of higher amount of heavy metals such as cadmium,nickel,and lead into the environment.These metals are non-biodegradable and toxic,causing much effects on plants and by extension to animals and humans,which have become a major global concern.The inherent ability of plants to resist heavy metal toxicity seems to be the most sustainable and cost-effective strategy.Castor plant is widely studied due to its tolerance to the effects of heavy metal contaminated soils,owing to its large biomass content and high accumulating capacity.Castor plants to some extent can tolerate elevated levels of heavy metals through several developed mechanisms,such as activation of antioxidant enzymes,exclusion,accumulation of proline,compartmentalization,organic acid exudation,and phytochelatins.Molecular studies have identified some stress-responsive to aid the tolerance of heavy metals in castor.Stress caused by heavy metal toxicity affects seedling growth,biomass,photosynthetic pigments,protein level,and nutrient uptake of castor plant.The response of castor,however,to these stresses differs among cultivars,metal type and concentration,and time of metal applied.This review aims to summarize the physiological responses and various defense mechanisms of castor to tolerate and eradicate heavy metal toxicity and some stress-responsive genes identified at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels that confer metal tolerance in this plant.

关键词： Castor metal stress biomass proline tolerance

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蓖麻杂交组合收获指数评价

中国油料作物学报 2022年第4期44卷 860-868页

作者：顾帅磊陆建农黄家祥杨婷何晓琳李东娜 akwasi yeboah 殷学贵广东海洋大学滨海农业学院广东湛江524088 山东省淄博市家祥蓖麻研究所山东淄博255000

为了提高蓖麻杂交育种效率,研究杂交组合收获指数与性状之间的关系,观察和测量了133个蓖麻杂交组合的13个农艺性状,即收获指数、单株产量、生物量、百粒重、有效穗数、一级分枝数、株高、茎粗、主茎节数、主穗长、主穗位高、叶绿素含量... 详细信息

为了提高蓖麻杂交育种效率,研究杂交组合收获指数与性状之间的关系,观察和测量了133个蓖麻杂交组合的13个农艺性状,即收获指数、单株产量、生物量、百粒重、有效穗数、一级分枝数、株高、茎粗、主茎节数、主穗长、主穗位高、叶绿素含量、净光合速率。采用相关分析和回归分析研究133个杂交组合的农艺性状间的关系。结果表明,不同蓖麻杂交组合的收获指数差异较大,变幅为0.126~0.644,平均值为0.398;133个杂交组合中收获指数在0.5以上的组合仅占16.54%。相关关系结果表明,收获指数与单株产量呈极显著正相关,与主穗长呈极显著负相关。回归分析表明,单株产量、株高、主穗长、有效穗数4个性状对收获指数的影响较大。因此在育种过程中,选择主穗花序较长、植株相对较高、一级分枝数较多的个体,可提高育成材料的单株产量。

关键词：蓖麻杂交组合收获指数植株性状相关分析回归分析

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蓖麻骨干亲本杂种优势群的划分

分子植物育种 2022年第22期20卷 7522-7533页

作者：顾帅磊陆建农杨婷 akwasi yeboah 李东娜谢钰刘海燕殷学贵广东海洋大学滨海农业学院湛江524088

为提高蓖麻种质的鉴别和利用效率,本研究利用简单重复序列标记(simple sequence repeats,SSR)对来自10个国家15个地区的101份蓖麻骨干亲本材料进行了杂种优势群的划分。结果显示:58对SSR标记在101份蓖麻骨干亲本材料中共检测出328个等... 详细信息

为提高蓖麻种质的鉴别和利用效率,本研究利用简单重复序列标记(simple sequence repeats,SSR)对来自10个国家15个地区的101份蓖麻骨干亲本材料进行了杂种优势群的划分。结果显示:58对SSR标记在101份蓖麻骨干亲本材料中共检测出328个等位基因,平均每个位点的等位基因数为5.655个;Shannon’s信息指数(I)的范围为0.916~1.939,平均值为1.469;平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.732,变幅为0.377~0.894。有效等位基因数(Ne)、观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为3.941、0.817和0.732。利用UPGMA方法在遗传相似系数为0.462时将101份蓖麻骨干亲本划分为5个大群8个亚群。分群结果显示,大部分试验材料表现出很强的地域性,来自同一个国家或地区的材料往往聚为一类。来自15个不同地区蓖麻材料的群间遗传距离介于0.122~0.936,平均为0.508,遗传一致度在0.312~0.885范围内,平均为0.606。其中,来自广东和山东的蓖麻材料的遗传距离最小,遗传一致度最高,亲缘关系较近。本研究在分子水平上为蓖麻亲本选配等工作提供了科学依据。

关键词：蓖麻亲本 SSR 杂种优势群

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蓖麻耐镉性的生化鉴定和全基因组关联分析

蓖麻耐镉性的生化鉴定和全基因组关联分析

作者： akwasi yeboah 广东海洋大学

学位级别：硕士

镉（Cd）是第7类生态毒性重金属,易溶水并易被植物吸收,会造成耕地、植物和水体污染。中国有13330公顷农田因受到镉严重污染而不能用于农业生产。培育耐镉品种是镉污染土壤植物修复有效途径。蓖麻（Ricinus communis L.）是一种非食用... 详细信息

镉（Cd）是第7类生态毒性重金属,易溶水并易被植物吸收,会造成耕地、植物和水体污染。中国有13330公顷农田因受到镉严重污染而不能用于农业生产。培育耐镉品种是镉污染土壤植物修复有效途径。蓖麻（Ricinus communis L.）是一种非食用油料作物,其根系强大、生物量高,对镉有较强的忍耐和富集能力及镉胁迫下的抗氧化能力。蓖麻耐镉的生理机制己有一些报道,但其耐镉的生化机制和遗传基础尚缺乏研究。本研究在175份蓖麻种质资源耐镉性鉴定基础上,以相对耐镉指数为指标,利用143对SSR分子标记对7个耐镉相关性状进行了全基因组关联分析,旨在鉴定蓖麻耐镉基因位点、发掘有益等位基因和可能的候选基因,并用q RT-PCR对6个候选基因进行了表达量分析,同时分析了极端耐镉材料和极端镉敏感材料间超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）及丙二醛（MDA）的表达差异,以期为揭示蓖麻耐镉的生化和遗传机制提供依据。结果如下:1、175份蓖麻种质资源7个耐镉相关性状的相对耐镉指数存在较大的变异,变幅在0.08～0.99之间,其中根干重对镉胁迫较为敏感,茎长耐镉性较高。2、143对SSR引物共扩增出736个等位基因,平均为5.10。平均基因多样性和多态信息含量分别为0.67和0.62。群体结构分析将175份种质分为3组,与系统发育分析结果一致。3、采用混合线性模型的全基因组关联分析法（Genomewide association study,GWAS）检测到27个显著的（-log10P＞1.5）耐镉基因位点,每位点解释了耐镉性表型变异的5.63%～20.47%,平均为12.31%。其中有10个位点与茎干重关联,1个与根长关联。有2个位点（分别以RCM223和RCM644标记）均与根鲜重和茎鲜重相关,表明基因的多效性。4、通过有益等位基因的挖掘,发现29份镉耐性种质和181份镉敏感性种质,这可能有助于蓖麻耐镉品种的培育。5、通过基因注释,共得到八个新的候选基因,与其中的六个性状相关联,它们参与应激反应和发育过程。q RT-PCR结果表明,候选基因在极端表型材料之间的表达量存在明显差异。基因PHT2;1在耐隔材料中高度表达,表明其在提高蓖麻耐镉性方面发挥着作用。6、SOD、CAT、GSH和MDA在极端耐镉材料16-024和镉敏感材料S2-4之间存在显著差异,证明耐镉材料具有较强的抗氧化能力。综上所述,镉毒性诱导蓖麻的抗氧化应激反应,增强了蓖麻的耐镉性,缓解了镉对蓖麻的毒性。但蓖麻的耐镉性在不同种质、不同性状或器官间存在广泛差异。本研究所鉴定出的候选基因在不同耐镉性材料间的表达存在遗传特异性。据我们所知,这是首次在镉胁迫下开展蓖麻耐镉基因的关联作图和新基因的鉴定。以上结果有助于研究蓖麻耐镉的生化和遗传机理、为克隆耐镉基因和培育耐镉品种提供参考,也为镉污染环境的植物修复提供依据。

关键词：蓖麻相对耐镉指数全基因组关联分析候选基因抗氧化剂

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蓖麻高光效种质的筛选

广东农业科学 2021年第5期48卷 10-17页

作者：顾帅磊陆建农杨婷 akwasi yeboah 李东娜曾泳怡殷学贵广东海洋大学滨海农业学院广东湛江524088

【目的】研究蓖麻不同种质的光合特性,为蓖麻高光效种质的筛选及利用提供参考。【方法】结合主成分分析与系统聚类分析等方法,对29份来自不同地区的蓖麻种质胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、净光合速率(Pn)、叶片瞬时... 详细信息

【目的】研究蓖麻不同种质的光合特性,为蓖麻高光效种质的筛选及利用提供参考。【方法】结合主成分分析与系统聚类分析等方法,对29份来自不同地区的蓖麻种质胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、净光合速率(Pn)、叶片瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)和蒸腾效率(TE)6个光合参数综合评价,筛选出优异蓖麻种质。【结果】6个光合参数的变异系数范围为16%~35%。其中,Pn与Gs的变异系数最高、达35%;Ci的变异系数最低、为16%。相关性分析中,Pn与Ci呈极显著负相关,与Tr和WUE均呈极显著正相关。主成分分析结果表明,3个主成分可以解释6个光合相关参数的99.15%,3个主成分可称为光合因素、气孔因素和水分因素。光合参数聚类分析将29份蓖麻种质划分为4个类群。其中第Ⅱ类包括4个材料,占总材料数的13.79%,这些材料净光合速率最高,均超过整体材料净光合速率的平均值,且本类群中的Pn、Gs和Tr均处于较高水平。筛选出YSL-5、SD-21、A40-7、B11-1等4个材料作为适合育种需要的高光效蓖麻种质。【结论】Pn高、Gs大、WUE相对较高的一类种质可作为蓖麻高光效品种选育的中间材料加以利用。

关键词：蓖麻光合特性聚类分析种质筛选

Analysis of Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid, Potential Antifertility Agents in Moringa （Moringa oleifera） Seed

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第12期3卷 989-999页

作者： akwasi Ampofo-yeboah Helet Lambrechts Danie Brink Fletcher Hiten Evans Afriyie-Gyawu Animal Sciences Department Stellenbosch University PMB X1 Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa Fisheries & Aquatic Resources Management Department University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Genetics Department Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa Central Analytical Facilities Mass Spectrometry Unit Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA 30460-8015 USA

Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are isomeric triterpenes that are difficult to separate chromatographically. Studies have indicated that both OA and UA have antifertility properties in several livestock species, suppressing attainment of puberty, gonad function and gamete production. Being able to determine the presence and quantity of the OA and UA in moringa and pawpaw seeds will allow for calculation of optimal inclusion levels of these acids in animal diets for antifertility-activity. The purpose of the study was thus to quantify the levels of OA and UA in Moringa and pawpaw seed powder by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Only OA was detected in moringa seeds at a concentration level of 0.508 μg/g ± 0.032 μg/g dry weight. UA and OA could not be detected in pawpaw seeds used in this study. The presence of OA in moringa seeds suggest that the seeds can be included in tilapia diets as a potential antifertility treatment to control precocious breeding in tilapia culture in small scale farming systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. Further studies are warranted to determine the levels of OA and UA composition in moringa seeds from other parts of the Sub-Saharan Africa (other than Zambia).

关键词：抗生育活性齐墩果酸熊果酸种子辣木超高效液相色谱浓度水平电喷雾电离

Successful Anaesthetic Management of Caesarean Section: An Experience on a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis and Difficult Airway

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第6期9卷 789-793页

作者： akwasi Antwi-Kusi William Addison Elizabeth Esi Crentsil Anthony yeboah Rex Mawuli Kwadjo Djokoto Department of Anaesthesiology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

The anaesthetic management of the pregnant woman with myasthenia gravis (MG) is very challenging to the anaesthesiologist. This situation becomes exaggerated in emergency settings in a low resource area, especially when attending anesthesiologists for the first time took care of her. Here, we present a case that illustrates this situation. A G3 P2 pregnant woman presented for an emergency caesarean section (CS) due to premature rupture of the membranes. The patient had been misinformed by her neurophysician not to undergo general anaesthesia at CS. She had no motor weakness and no bulbar symtoms. The only abnormal finding was a stiff neck and a Mallampati #2 score, which predicted a difficult airway. Spinal anaesthesia was not successful after several attempts. General anaesthesia was considered but again intubation was not successful. We performed anesthesia with a second generation laryngeal mask airway with successful CS. Pregnant women with MG require personalised care from a multidisciplinary team. While regional anaesthesia is reported to be the better choice in CS for women with MG, regional anesthesia is not always possible. Anesthesia should be chosen in a patient-by-patient manner. The present case illustrates such conditions, of which description may be useful for anesthesiologists and obstetricians.

关键词： Myasthenia Gravis Failed Spinal Difficult Intubation Second Generation Laryngeal Mask Airway