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Acute Fevers in the Medical Unit of the Medical-Surgical Emergency Department of the Donka National Hospital

Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2023年第2期13卷 95-103页

作者： Djibril Sylla Amadou Kake Thierno Amadou Wann Mohamed Lamine Yaya Bah akomou lydia koba Mohamed Cirékeita Mamadou Diakhaby Lansana Diaby Sèmèvo Claudiane Toffon Internal Medicine Department of the Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Medical and Surgical Emergency Department of the Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Fever is a high core temperature ≥ 37.5°C in the morning and 37.8°C in the evening. It is acute when it evolves from 0 to 20 days. Very common in clinical practice, the etiological diagnosis, particularly in developing and tropical countries, is often a challenge for clinicians due to their diversity and the limited availability of diagnostic tools. There is a wide spectrum of etiological diagnoses including infectious causes and non-infectious causes. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of fevers acute at the medical unit in the medico-surgical emergency department of the Donka National Hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study lasting 03 months (January 01, 2022 to March 31, 2022). We included in this study all patients seen in the medical unit, whose age ≥ 18 years, without distinction of sex, from any origin, with an axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C in the morning and 37.8°C in the evening, evolving from 0 to 20 days, hospitalized or followed on an outpatient basis, and having given verbal consent. Results: Of a total of 1087 patients seen, 466 had an acute fever. The mean age was 40.04 ± 18.91 years (18 and 96 years). The female sex (58.15%) was predominant with a sex ratio of 0.72. Malaria (50.86%) was the main diagnosis. The treatment consisted of compressed paracetamol (59.01%), arthemether + lumefantrine (50.85%). Conclusion: The incidence of acute fevers is high in the medical unit of the medico-surgical emergency department of the Donka National Hospital. Malaria was the main pathology. Treatment was etiological and symptomatic. This high incidence could be explained by the fact that Guinea is an endemic malaria zone. A study taking into account other etiological factors would be of great interest.

关键词： Acute Fever Medical Unit Emergency Department Donka National Hospital (HND)

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激光辐射波长和脉冲寿命对碲化镉熔化阈值的影响

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材料导报 2024年第7期38卷 40-45页

作者：列维茨基·谢尔盖曹泽祥柯巴·亚历山大柯巴·玛丽亚乌克兰国家科学院半导体物理研究所基辅03028 乌克兰国立技术大学物理技术学院基辅03058 乌克兰国民警卫研究所国家安全系基辅03028

碲化镉的相对分子量为240,密度为5.885 g/cm^(3),熔点为1092℃。碲化镉是一种Ⅱ-Ⅵ族的化合物半导体材料,属于直接带隙型,带隙宽度为1.56 eV。碲化镉是制造X射线、伽马射线和红外线探测器的基本材料。对碲化镉的特别关注主要是由于其大... 详细信息

碲化镉的相对分子量为240,密度为5.885 g/cm^(3),熔点为1092℃。碲化镉是一种Ⅱ-Ⅵ族的化合物半导体材料,属于直接带隙型,带隙宽度为1.56 eV。碲化镉是制造X射线、伽马射线和红外线探测器的基本材料。对碲化镉的特别关注主要是由于其大原子数和大的光电吸收截面。在基于CdTe的伽马辐射势垒探测器结构中,其表面的处理方法之一是纳秒激光照射,在某些情况下,纳秒激光照射可以在触点(Ag、In、Au)和势垒形成的技术处理阶段优化所需的表面参数。另一种方法是在脉冲激光照射下在碲化镉表面形成有序的纳米结构。对基于半导体及其结构的脉冲激光器,可根据其不同的脉冲持续时间τ_(p)和辐射波长λ将其分类。例如,红宝石激光器(λ=694 nm)、钕激光器(一次谐波1064 nm和两次谐波532 nm)、准分子KrF激光器(248 nm)和XeF激光器(351 nm)等,其脉冲持续时间分别为7、20、80、120 ns。这些激光器常被应用于表面修饰等领域。因此,往往有必要事先知道或至少估计在脉冲激光辐射下碲化镉表面的熔化温度和阈值,这取决于激光脉冲持续时间τ_(p)、辐射波长(光吸收系数α(λ))以及碲化镉表面本身的电物理参数,特别是表面重组率S和非平衡电荷载流子的寿命。这些参数取决于表面处理的方法和掺杂物的浓度。在上述情况下,实验研究是非常耗费人力和时间的,因此基于τ_(p)、α(λ)和碲化镉表面本身的电物理参数对融化阈值th和表面温度进行理论计算变得非常重要。本工作采用激光照射碲化镉,辐射波长为300~800 nm,脉冲持续时间为7~120 ns。为了以非破坏性的和有效的方法来管理接近表面层状态的CdTe,在T=80 K下进行了光致发光实验。为了监测熔化阈值,研究了由Acrorad公司制造和抛光的尺寸为5 mm×5 mm×0.5 mm的Cl补偿p-CdTe(111)单晶的光致发光光谱。经过研究发现,在激光脉冲寿命从7ns到1μs的范围内,CdTe熔化阈值明显取决于光吸收系数α(λ)。因为在脉冲寿命长于1μs的情况下,热扩散深度明显大于CdTe中的激光辐射穿透深度,并开始依赖于反射系数R(λ)。对于较短的激光脉冲长度τ_(p),当辐射波长λ变化时,熔化阈值会发生显著变化。同时,非平衡过剩载流子参数的变化(如表面重组速度S从10^(3)m/s增加到10^(5)m/s,还有扩散深度LD从0.4μm增加到2μm)会对CdTe熔化阈值产生至少25%的影响。而且红宝石激光的脉冲持续时间在(20±5)ns区间内的变化导致相对熔化阈值的变化(ΔIth/Ith)为35%。CdTe熔化阈值的计算值可以有效地被用于优化脉冲激光对晶体的表面处理与掺杂。

关键词：碲化镉熔化阈值脉冲激光辐照半导体激光掺杂

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Noise Characteristics of Centrifugal Blower with Low Solidity Cascade Diffuser(Noise Reduction by means of Small Groove Located at LSD Blade Leading Tip)

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Journal of Thermal Science 2009年第4期18卷 321-324页

作者： Tengen MURAKAMI Masahiro ISHIDA Daisaku SAKAGUCHI Yu koba Graduate School of Science and Technology Nagasaki University

This paper deals with the effect of the blade tip-groove of the low solidity cascade diffuser (LSD) on the blowercharacteristic and the noise generated by the LSD. The small grooves were set up at the root and/or tip near theleading edge of the LSD blade. In order to clarify the mechanism of noise increase due to LSD and also to reducethe noise, the relationships between the noise increase based on the LSD, the LSD performance and the secondaryflow formed additionally by the tip-groove were investigated experimentally as well as numerically, especiallyanalyzing flow behaviors in the LSD in view points of flow separation on the suction surface of the LSD bladeand the secondary flow on the side walls. By reducing the stagnation region smaller near the root and/or tip of theLSD blade leading edge, the secondary flow behavior changes remarkably around the LSD blade, as a result, thenoise level and the blower characteristics vary. It can be concluded that, by means of a small tip-groove locatedonly at the shroud side near the LSD blade leading edge, the noise generated by the LSD can be reduced withoutdeteriorations of the LSD performance and the blower characteristics as well.

关键词： Centrifugal blower Low solidity cascade diffuser Noise Diffuser performance Secondary flow

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FEM Modeling of Crack Propagation in a Model Multiphase Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2006年第1期22卷 59-65页

作者： Lihe QIAN Seishi NISHIDO Hiroyuki TODA Toshiro koba YASHI Department of Production Systems Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan IT Promotion Department Aisin Takaoka Co. Ltd. 1 Tennoh Takaokashin-machi Toyota 473-8501 Japan

In this paper, several widely applied fracture criteria were first numerically examined and the crack-tip-region Jntegral criterion was confirmed to be more applicable to predict fracture angle in an elastic-plastic multiphase material. Then, the crack propagation in an idealized an elastic-plastic finite element method. The variation dendritic two-phase AI-7%Si alloy was modeled using of crack growth driving force with crack extension was also demonstrated. It is found that the crack path is significantly influenced by the presence of α-phase near the crack tip, and the crack growth driving force varies drastically from place to place. Lastly, the simulated fracture path in the two-phase model alloy was compared with the experimentally observed fracture path.

关键词： Al-Si alloys Fracture criterion Fracture path Numerical simulation Finite element method (FEM) Multiphase microstructure

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Acceptability of Immunization against COVID-19 by the Populations of the Kasenga State Health Area in the Uvira Health Zone, DR Congo

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Journal of Immune Based Therapies, Vaccines and Antimicrobials 2024年第3期13卷 33-46页

作者： Derrick Bushobole Akiba Eric Amuri Madabali Robert Bushambale Fataki Abel Asende Luhendama Jacques Mutono Matongo Faustin Bukuru Mudage Christian Banyakwa Mitunda Saili Stay Mushobekwa Michel Byaombe Wa Ngene Martin Longolongo Kiza Paulin Mulogoto Rushanika Emmanuel Nirambo Rujanjika Henry Manya Mboni Criss koba Mjumbe Department of Public Health Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Uvira (ISTM-Uvira) South Kivu DR Congo Department of Laboratory Techniques Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Uvira (ISTM-Uvira) South Kivu DR Congo Nursing Science Sector Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Uvira (ISTM-Uvira) South Kivu DR Congo Department of Public Health University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi DR Congo Department of Pharmaceutical Techniques University of Lubumbashi DR Congo Department of Pharmaceutical Techniques Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Uvira (ISTM-Uvira) South Kivu DR Congo

Introduction: COVID-19 was an emerging disease putting all public health systems in countries around the world in a state of emergency. To be able to prevent its spread and morbidity and mortality, several appropriate strategies were necessary, such as vaccination. The latter has been the subject of controversy. The objective of the present study is therefore to evaluate the factors associated with the acceptance of this vaccine within the population of the Kasenga State Health Area. A result which will shed light on future strategies to be put in place for possible new vaccines. Methodology: Is a prospective and analytical cross-sectional study conducted over a period of approximately 1 month from January 5 to February 5, 2024. A survey questionnaire in Kobotoolbox was useful for collecting data. STATA software was very important for us in analyzing the data collected. Results: Prevalence of vaccination against COVID-19 among the population of the Kasenga State Health Area is 37.5% (28.4 - 45.6). The study revealed that reluctance is observed among most of the population for different reasons, including, first and foremost, the deliberate aspect of not wanting to take the vaccine (46.6%) and rumors that this antigen is dangerous and harmful (32.9%). 72.5% of respondents believe that the COVID-19 vaccine is a fabrication, unhealthy and that the disease itself never existed. The study proved that there was a statistical relationship between age (p = 0.001) and adherence to vaccination. And the refusal of respondents to recommend the vaccine to loved ones was a factor associated with non-adherence to vaccination (OR = 7.901, 95% IC [3.028 - 20.615], p = 0.000). Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 was not well accepted by the population of the study site. Raising public awareness and involving community leaders and political-administrative authorities, which has not been done well, would play an important role in the good perception of the disease, of the vaccine

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccination Kasenga State Health Area Associated Factors Uvira Health Zone City of Uvira

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TRISim:A Triage Simulation System to Exploit and Assess Triage Operations for Hospital Managers-Development,Validation and Experiment

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2017年第2期113卷 117-149页

作者： A.koba yashi K.Suginuma M.Furui chi Graduate School of Industrial Technology Nihon University College of Industrial Technology Nihon University

Triage is a method for determining the priority of patients’treatment to improve survival *** triage methods are used in hospitals,and they are applied after performing an evaluation based on standard methods such as the Japan Triage Acuity Scale(JTAS)or Emergency Severity Index(ESI).It is important to consider the characteristics of all the hospitals when assigning triage methods and emergency levels to them;the hospital managers make these *** propose a multi-agent simulation method to support the hospital managers in employing the triage protocols according to their *** developed a prototype simulation system called TRISim to explore and assess the triage *** this paper,we provide an overview of TRISim and present our experimental results to validate the system.

关键词： Multi-agent simulation MAS triage simulation JTAS ESI MTS emergency department

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Balloon overtube-guided colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6086-6090页

作者： Tomohiko Ohya Ken Ohata Kazuki Sumiyama Yousuke Tsuji Ikuro koba Nobuyuki Matsuhashi Hisao Tajiri Department of Endoscopy The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Kanto Medical Center NTT EC Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Yamaga Chou Hospital Department of Endoscopy Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyThe Jikei University School of Medicine

AIM:To evaluate the usefulness of a balloon overtube to assist colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)using a ***:The results of 45 consecutive patients who underwent colorectal ESD were analyzed in a single tertiary endoscopy *** preoperative evaluation of access to the lesion,difficulties were experienced in the positioning and stabilization of a gastroscope in 15 patients who were thus assigned to the balloonguided ESD group.A balloon overtube was placed with a gastroscope to provide an endoscopic channel to the lesion in cases with preoperatively identified difficulties related to *** ESD was performed following standard procedures.A submucosal fluid bleb was created with hyaluronic acid solution.A circumferential mucosal incision was made to marginate the *** isolated lesion was finally excised from the deeper layers with repetitive electrosurgical dissections with needle *** success of colorectal ESD,procedural feasibility,and procedure-related complications were the main outcomes and ***:The overall en bloc excision rate of colorectal ESD during this study at our institution was 95.6%.En bloc excision of the lesion was successfully achieved in 13 of the 15 patients(86.7%)in the balloon overtube-guided colorectal ESD group,which was comparable to the results of the standard ESD group with better accessibility to the lesion(30/30,100%,not statistically significant).CONCLUSION:Use of a balloon overtube can improve access to the lesion and facilitate scope manipulation for colorectal ESD.

关键词： Balloon overtube Colorectal neoplasm Early colorectal cancer En bloc tumor excision Endoscopic submucosal dissection Laterally spreading tumor

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ChatGPT as an Educational Tool: Opportunities, Challenges, and Recommendations for Communication, Business Writing, and Composition Courses

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology 2023年第2期3卷 60-68页

作者： Mohammad Awad AlAfnan Samira Dishari Marina Jovic koba Lomidze American University of the Middle East

This empirical study examines ChatGPT as an educational and learning *** investigates the opportunities and challenges that ChatGPT provides to the students and instructors of communication,business writing,and composition *** also strives to provide *** conducting 30 theory-based and application-based ChatGPT tests,it is found that ChatGPT has the potential of replacing search engines as it provides accurate and reliable input to *** opportunities,the study found that ChatGPT provides a platform for students to seek answers to theory-based questions and generate ideas for application-based *** also provides a platform for instructors to integrate technology in classrooms and conduct workshops to discuss and evaluate generated *** challenges,the study found that ChatGPT,if unethically used by students,may lead to human unintelligence and *** may also present a challenge to instructors as the use of ChatGPT negatively affects their ability to differentiate between meticulous and automation-dependent students,on the one hand,and measure the achievement of learning outcomes,on the other *** on the outcome of the analysis,this study recommends communication,business writing,and composition instructors to(1)refrain from making theory-based questions as take-home assessments,(2)provide communication and business writing students with detailed case-based and scenario-based assessment tasks that call for personalized answers utilizing critical,creative,and imaginative thinking incorporating lectures and textbook material,(3)enforce submitting all take-home assessments on plagiarism detection software,especially for composition courses,and(4)integrate ChatGPT generated responses in classes as examples to be discussed in ***,this study found that ChatGPT skillfully paraphrases regenerated responses in a way that is not detected by similarity detection *** maintain their effect

关键词： artificial intelligence business writing courses ChatGPT composition courses communication courses Turnitin

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Missing flux from the ocean: isotope revealed an important NOx flux mediated by microbial processes

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National Science Review 2022年第9期9卷 139-139页

作者： Keisuke koba Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University

NOxin the atmosphere can affect human health and economic development as well as atmospheric chemistry and ***, it is crucial to deeply understand the dynamics of NOxincluding its sources and sinks. However, as in the cases of other nitrogen compounds such as nitrous oxide, it is quite difficult to trace the fate of NOx, then close its budget.

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Incidence and localization of lymphoid follicles in early colorectal neoplasms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第43期11卷 6863-6866页

作者： Kuang-I Fu Yasushi Sano Shigeharu Kato Takahiro Fujii Ikura koba Takayuki Yoshino Atsushi Ochiai Shigeaki Yoshida Takahiro Fujimori Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Endoscopy Division of Pathology Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology

AIM： TO investigate the incidence and Iocalizations of lymphoid follicles （LFs） in early colorectal neoplasms in human beings. METHODS： From July 1992 to September 1999, a total of 1 324 early colorectal neoplasms were removed endoscopically or surgically at our hospital; 1 031 （77.9%） were available for analysis in this study. Localization of LFs was defined histologically： as submucosal LFs, if located under the muscularis mucosa; and as intramucosal LFs, if located across or over the muscularis RESULTS： Histologically, the materials included 903 intramucosal neoplasms and 128 submucosal cancers. Overall incidence of LFs was 27.2% （280/1 031）. The incidence of LFs was significantly higher in females （33.6% vs 24.9%, P = 0.0064）, the right-sided colon （32.2% vs 25.6%, P = 0.0403） and in flat or depressed type lesions （34.6% vs 25.2%, P〈O.O001） as compared to males, left-sided colon and protruding type lesions, respectively. The incidences of intramucosal neoplasms and submucosal cancers were 24.3% and 43.8%, respectively （P〈O.O001）. Localizations of LFs （intramucosal LF/submucosal LF） in depressed, flat, and protruding types were 1/24, 14/36, and 131/74, respectively. CONCLUSION： The incidence of LFs in early human colorectal neoplasms significantly differs by gender, location, macroscopic type, and histology. Moreover,localization significantly differs by macroscopic type.

关键词： Lymphoid follicle Early colorectal neoplasm Carcinogenesis

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