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Analysis of the Tracer Diffusion Phenomena through Cracks in the Porous Media by Means of X-Ray CT

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第8期4卷 18-31页

作者： akira Sato Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan

The migration process of contamination materials in the porous rock mass was visualized and analyzed by X-ray CT image data. In this study, Kimachi sandstone, which had approximately 26% porosity, was used as a rock sample. Here two cases of diffusion phenomena were analyzed. One is the case that solute diffuses into the porous rock mass from the crack surfaces, and it simulates the contamination process of rock mass. Another is the case that the solute diffuses out of the porous rock mass, and it simulates the process that the contamination materials spread from highly contaminated sources. It was found that the diffusion phenomena were clearly visualized by X-ray CT method. By introducing the parameter, coefficient of tracer density increment α, quantitative analysis of tracer density became possible, and the relation between the density distribution of tracer and the crack apertures and the relation between the density distribution and porosity distribution became clear.

关键词： Porous Rock Advection Diffusion Contamination Crack X-Ray CT

Factors Associated with the Walking Ability of Hemiplegic Stroke Patients

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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第1期8卷 14-25页

作者： akira Matsuyama Department of Nursing School of Health Sciences Toyohashi Sozo University Aichi Japan

Gait disturbance due to motor paralysis affects activities of daily living and quality of life in patients with stroke. Thus, commencing walking training from the acute phase of recovery is essential. This study aimed to clarify the factors affecting the walking ability of hemiplegic stroke patients. Eighty hospitalized patients with a first chemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 1 year but not less than 1 month after stroke onset were included in this study. The dependent variable was walking ability (Functional Independence Measure [FIM] locomotion score), and the independent variables were spirituality (Spirituality Rating Scale-A [SRS-A]), amount of social support (Japanese version of the Abbreviated Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, frequency of family visit), stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), degree of motor paralysis (lower extremity Brunnstrom stage), the lower limb loading force of the affected and unaffected side, and age. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were performed. Multiple regression analysis showed that FIM locomotion score was associated with NIHSS (standard partial regression coefficient = ?0.362, P 0.001), the unaffected lower limb loading force (standard partial regression coefficient = 0.264, P 0.001), lower extremity Brunnstrom stage (standard partial regression coefficient = 0.352, P 0.001), and SRS-A (standard partial regression coefficient = 0.184, P 0.011). From our findings, walking ability was affected by stroke severity and the degree of paralysis, the unaffected lower limb loading force, and the spirituality level in patients with stroke. Promoting walking ability in patients with stroke includes training the unaffected lower limb and heightening spirituality. Training of the unaffected lower limb should be performed at the bedside or on the bed by the patient or a bedside nurse. To heighten spirituality, nurses who care for patients with stroke

关键词： Stroke Gait Paralysis Muscle Spirituality

Trans-Pacific Relations in Transnational History

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北大史学 2009年第1期 163-174,452页

作者： akira Iriye emeritus at History Department Harvard University

长期以来,历史学家把美国与东亚关系史置于民族国家史和国际史两大概念框架中考察。而在全球化时代,随着跨国事务的增多,这两大传统概念框架已不足以解释美国与东亚关系史的新潮流。在本文中作者提出第三个概念框架,即跨国史取向,并就... 详细信息

长期以来,历史学家把美国与东亚关系史置于民族国家史和国际史两大概念框架中考察。而在全球化时代,随着跨国事务的增多,这两大传统概念框架已不足以解释美国与东亚关系史的新潮流。在本文中作者提出第三个概念框架,即跨国史取向,并就如何从跨国史的角度来研究和重新思考美国与东亚的关系提出若干富有启发性的看法。

关键词： globalization transnational nations themselves 国际史 religious closer becoming educational goods

Comparison of cerebral activation between motor execution and motor imagery of self-feeding activity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 770-774页

作者： Moemi Matsuo Naoki Iso Kengo Fujiwara Takefumi Moriuchi Daiki Matsuda Wataru Mitsunaga akira Nakashima Toshio Higashi Unit of Medical Science Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan Department of Rehabilitation Faculty of Health SciencesTokyo Kasei UniversitySaitamaJapan Zeshinkai General Incorporated Association Nagasaki Rehabilitation HospitalNagasakiJapan The Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku HospitalNagasakiJapan Unit of Rehabilitation Nagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan

Motor imagery is defined as an act wherein an individual contemplates a mental action of motor execution without apparent *** practice executed by repetitive motor imagery can improve motor performance without simultaneous sensory input or overt *** aimed to investigate cerebral hemodynamics during motor imagery and motor execution of a self-feeding activity using *** study included 21 healthy right-handed *** self-feeding activity task comprised either motor imagery or motor execution of eating sliced cucumber pickles with chopsticks to examine eight regions of interest:pre-supplementary motor area,supplementary motor area,bilateral prefrontal cortex,premotor area,and sensorimotor *** mean oxyhemoglobin levels were detected using near-infrared spectroscopy to reflect cerebral *** mean oxyhemoglobin levels during motor execution were significantly higher in the left sensorimotor cortex than in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor ***,significantly higher oxyhemoglobin levels were detected in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor area during motor imagery,compared to motor *** motor area and premotor area had important roles in the motor imagery of self-feeding ***,the activation levels of the supplementary motor area and the premotor area during motor execution and motor imagery are likely affected by intentional cognitive *** of cerebral activation differed in some areas during motor execution and motor imagery of a self-feeding *** study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Nagasaki University(approval No.18110801)on December 10,2018.

关键词： Activities of Daily Living brain function hemodynamics imagery(psychotherapy) mental practice motor cortex near-infrared neuroimaging neuroscience rehabilitation spectroscopy

Significance of lead aVR in acute coronary syndrome

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World Journal of Cardiology 2014年第7期6卷 630-637页

作者： akira Tamura Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination Oita University

The 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG)is a crucial tool in the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Unlike other 11 leads,lead aVR has been long neglected until recent ***,recent investigations have shown that an analysis of ST-segment shift in lead aVR provides useful information on the coronary angiographic anatomy and risk stratification in ***-segment elevation in lead aVR can be caused by(1)transmural ischemia in the basal part of the interventricular septum caused by impaired coronary blood flow of the first major branch originating from the left anterior descending coronary artery;(2)transmural ischemia in the right ventricular outflow tract caused by impaired coronary blood flow of the large conal branch originating from the right coronary artery;and(3)reciprocal changes opposite to ischemic or non-ischemic ST-segment depression in the lateral limb and precordial *** the other hand,ST-segment depression in lead aVR can be caused by transmural ischemia in the inferolateral and apical *** has been recently shown that an analysis of T wave in lead aVR also provides useful prognostic information in the general population and patients with prior myocardial *** should pay more attention to the tracing of lead aVR when interpreting the12-lead ECG in clinical practice.

关键词： Electrocardiography Lead aVR ST-segment T wave Acute coronary syndrome

Feasibility of initial endoscopic common bile duct stone removal in patients with acute cholangitis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第7期5卷 280-285页

作者： akira Yamamiya Katsuya Kitamura Yu Ishii Yuta Mitsui Tomohiro Nomoto Hitoshi Yoshida Division of Gastro- enterology Department of MedicineShowa University School of Medicine

AIM To investigate the feasibility of initial endoscopic common bile duct(CBD) stone removal in patients with acute cholangitis(AC).METHODS A single-center,retrospective study was conducted between April 2013 and December 2014 and was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee at our *** informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to the *** cohort comprised 31 AC patients with CBD stones who underwent endoscopic biliary drainage(EBD) for na?ve papilla within 48 h after AC *** retrospectively divided the participants into two groups: 19 patients with initial endoscopic CBD stone removal(initial group) and 12 patients with delayed endoscopic CBD stone removal(delayed group).We evaluated the feasibility of initial endoscopic CBD stone removal in patients with *** We observed no significant differences between the groups regarding patient *** to the assessments based on the Tokyo Guidelines,the AC severity of patients with initial endoscopic CBD stone removal was mild to *** use of antithrombotic agents before EBD was less frequent in the initial group than in the delayed group(11% vs 58%,respectively; P = 0.004).All the patients underwent successful endoscopic CBD stone removaland adverse events did not differ significantly between the *** number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures was significantly lower in the initial group than in the delayed group [median(interquartile range) 1(1-1) vs 2(2-2),respectively; P < 0.001].The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter for the initial group than for the delayed group [10(9-15) vs 17(14-20),respectively; P = 0.010].CONCLUSION Initial endoscopic CBD stone removal in patients with AC may be feasible when AC severity and the use of antithrombotic agents are carefully considered.

关键词： Acute cholangitis Common bile duct stone Feasibility Initial endoscopic common bile stone removal Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Effective use of the Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team classification based on diagnostic performance and confidence level

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第18期7卷 2658-2665页

作者： Daizen Hirata Hiroshi Kashida Mineo Iwatate Tomomasa Tochio akira Teramoto Yasushi Sano Masatoshi Kudo Gastrointestinal Center and Institute of Minimally-invasive Endoscopic Care Sano HospitalKobe 6550031Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai UniversityOsaka 5895811Japan

Five years have passed since the Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification was proposed in 2014. However, the diagnostic performance of this classification has not yet been established. We conducted a retrospective study and a systematic search of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-Line. There were three retrospective single center studies about the diagnostic performance of this classification. In order to clarify this issue, we reviewed our study and three previous studies. This review revealed the diagnostic performance in regards to three important differentiations.(1) Neoplasia from non-neoplasia;(2) malignant neoplasia from benign neoplasia;and (3) deep submucosal invasive cancer (D-SMC) from other neoplasia. The sensitivity in differentiating neoplasia from non-neoplasia was 98.1%-99.8%. The specificity in differentiating malignant neoplasia from benign neoplasia was 84.7%-98.2% and the specificity in the differentiation D-SMC from other neoplasia was 99.8%-100.0%. This classification would enable endoscopists to identify almost all neoplasia, to appropriately determine whether to perform en bloc resection or not, and to avoid unnecessary surgery. This article is the first review about the diagnostic performance of the JNET classification. Previous reports about the diagnostic performance have all been retrospective single center studies. A large-scale prospective multicenter evaluation study is awaited for the validation.

关键词： Japan Narrow Band Imaging Expert Team Classification Magnifying endoscopy Narrow-band imaging Validation Diagnostic performance Colonoscopy Colorectal neoplasms

Phosphorus Release from Sediments in a Riparian <i>Phragmites australis</i>Community at the Estuary of the Chikugogawa River, Western Japan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第7期3卷 962-970页

作者： akira Haraguchi Faculty of Environmental Engineering The University of Kitakyushu Hibikino 1-1 Wakamatsu Kitakyushu 808-0135 Japan.

In order to determine the contribution of aquatic macrophyte communities on nutrition to sustain the high primary productivity of an estuary aquatic community, we analyzed the process of phosphorus release from sediments in aquatic macrophyte community in the estuary of the Chikugogawa River, South-Western Japan. Vertical profile of PD3-4 concentration and redox potential (Eh) of pore water in sediments were investigated within and outside the Phragmites australis community. Sediment horizon lower than 23 cm layer from the surface showed anaerobic (Eh australis community, whereas sediment was constantly oxic (Eh > 0 mV) up to 50 cm depth outside the P. australis community without organic matter accumulation. Non-vegetated sediment with organic matter accumulation showed anoxic profile as vegetated site. PD3-4 concentration in anaerobic parts of sediment showed higher than oxic parts, and higher PD3-4 concentration in sediment pore water corresponded to sulfur deposition in sediment. Sulfate ion supplied from the sea water is reduced under the anoxic condition and S2- reacts with water-insoluble phosphorus salts e.g. Fe3(PO4)2 or AlPO4 and Fe2S3 or Al2S3 precipitates. Thus PD3-4 was mobilized and released under anoxic sediments. P. australis supply organic litter to sediment and the sediment within the P. australis community showed anoxic after aerobic decomposition of organic substances in sediment. Incubation of sediments under N2 atmosphere accumulated PD3-4 in the medium corresponding to low Eh (3-4 was released under anaerobic condition. Estuary P. australis community has function for supplying PD3-4 to river water.

关键词： Phosphorus Mobilization Productivity Redox Potential Riparian Plant Community Salt Marsh

Optimal Control of a Thermoelectric Generator Attached with a Latent Heat Accumulator

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2017年第4期5卷 1-8页

作者： akira Tsuyoshi Department of Electrical Engineering Kobe City College of Technology Kobe Japan

Generally MPPT control (maximum power point tracking) is adopted to control of a thermoelectric generator. However, in the case of generation by use of a heat accumulator MPPT control cannot obtain maximum whole electrical output during the operation period. This is because the amount of heat stored in a heat accumulator is limited and easy to be exhausted rapidly by MPPT. Therefore MEPT (Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking) control should be developed to obtain maximum power from limited heat stored in the heat accumulator. When thermoelectric generator is used for waste heat recovery, conversion efficiency is quite difficult to be measured. This is due to time delay between the change of temperature profile in the thermoelectric generator and the change of heat medium temperature. Decrease of output current is desired to enlarge output because decrease of current decreases Peltier heat and improves efficiency of heat recovery. The experimental results indicate that current fluctuated by MPPT control causes loss of power output. We proposed the optimal control in which current is 10% smaller than one of MPPT control and evaluated it experimentally. We call this control scheme MEPT control. In this evaluation 500 W class thermoelectric generator, latent heat accumulator and the test facilities included 30 kW electric heater are utilized. Experimental result shows MEPT control exceeds MPPT in total electricity recovered from heat accumulator.

关键词： Thermoelectric Generator Heat Accumulator MPPT MEPT