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A <i>Comt</i>1 Loss of Function Mutation Is Insufficient for Loss of Pungency in <i>Capsicum</i>

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 1243-1255页

作者： Sota Koeda Kosuke Sato Yuri Tanaka Rihito Takisawa akira kitajima Faculty of Agriculture Kinki University Nara Japan Experimental Farm Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Osaka Japan

The participation of O-methyltransferase (COMT) in phenylpropanoid-mediated capsaicinoid biosynthesis has long been proposed. Ferulic acid, a phenylpropanoid intermediate, is a precursor of capsaicinoid biosynthesis and is produced from caffeic acid by the action of COMT. As previously reported that silencing Comt expression caused a drastic decrease in capsaicinoid accumulation, it was presumed that a Comt loss-of-function mutation would cause loss of pungency in Capsicum. This hypothesis was tested by cloning Comt1 and Comt2 from the placenta tissue of the pungent cultivar Habanero. The phylogenetic analysis and comparison of critical amino-acid residues for enzyme function showed that the two COMTs had high similarity with the COMTs of other plant species. Moreover, as the two Comts were both expressed in placenta tissue and expressed prior to the accumulation of capsaicinoids, the two genes could be candidates for capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Second, Comt1 loss-of-function mutants were screened from the germplasm. A truncated Comt1 transcript was expressed in non-pungent pepper No.3341 caused by deletion of the genomic region. The predicted No.3341 COMT1 lacked His-265, which was absolutely necessary for enzymatic activity. Contrary to our expectations, the Comt1 mutation was not related to non-pungency of No.3341, as the deletion of Comt1 did not co-segregate with non-pungency in the F2 population obtained from crossing No.3341 with Habanero. This result was confirmed by screening several pungent accessions harboring the same Comt1 deletion mutation. Although the participation of COMT in phenylpropanoid-mediated capsaicinoid biosynthesis has long been proposed, our present study shows that Comt1 can not be a target for controlling fruit pungency.

关键词： Capsaicinoids Capsicum Comt Pepper Phenylpropanoid Pathway Pungency

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秋水仙素诱导文旦柚2n配子获得自交三倍体

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园艺学报 2006年第5期33卷 1045-1047页

作者：杨晓伶程舟李珊北岛宣长谷川耕二郎同济大学生命科学与技术学院上海200092 日本京都大学附属农场日本高知大学农学部

以‘土佐文旦’柚成树为材料,探讨了秋水仙素诱导2n配子的方法,研究了秋水仙素浓度和处理时期对获得三倍体的影响。结果表明:开花前1周用0·25%的秋水仙素处理花蕾,可诱导2n配子自交亲和。经对发芽存活的自交后代植株的叶片细胞核DNA量... 详细信息

以‘土佐文旦’柚成树为材料,探讨了秋水仙素诱导2n配子的方法,研究了秋水仙素浓度和处理时期对获得三倍体的影响。结果表明:开花前1周用0·25%的秋水仙素处理花蕾,可诱导2n配子自交亲和。经对发芽存活的自交后代植株的叶片细胞核DNA量检测和细胞学鉴定,确定25%的自交后代植株为自交三倍体。通过秋水仙素诱导文旦2n配子是获得自交三倍体的有效途径。

关键词：柚秋水仙素 2n配子三倍体

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Weyl points and Dirac lines protected by multiple screw rotations

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Science Bulletin 2017年第11期62卷 788-794页

作者： akira Furusaki Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory RIKEN Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan

In three-dimensional noncentrosymmetric materials two-fold screw rotation symmetry forces electron＇s energy bands to have Weyl points at which two bands touch. This is illustrated for space groups No. 19 （P212121 ） and No. 198 （P213）, which have three orthogonal screw rotation axes. In the case of space groups No. 61 （Pbca） and No. 205 （Pa-3） that have extra inversion symmetry, Weyl points are promoted to four-fold degenerate line nodes in glide-invariant planes. The three-fold rotation symmetry present in the space groups No. 198 and No. 205 allows Weyl and Dirac points, respectively, to appear along its rotation axes in the Brillouin zone and generates four-fold and six-fold degeneracy at the F point and R point, respectively.

关键词： Weyl points Dirac points Nodal lines Nonsymmorphic symmetry

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Estimations of the Maximum Tangential Velocity V_(θm) in the Vortex Core Region and also the Mean Rotational Velocity V_(oi) near the Concave Wall Surface in the Returned Flow Type Cyclone Dust Collector

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Journal of Thermal Science 2010年第6期19卷 553-560页

作者： akira Ogawa T 110-0011. Minowa 2-14-7 Taitou-Ku Tokyo Japan

There are many types of cyclone dust collectors for separating the fine solid and dust particles from gases in the various industries and also in the home used purposes. For estimating the power loss and the collection efficiency, one of the most important factors is the maximum tangential velocity V0m in the vortex core region in the cyclone body. In order to determine V0~ by the simple method, it is useful to apply the mechanical balance of the angular momentum fluxes under the assumption of Ogawa combined vortex model which is composed of the quasi-forced vortex in the vortex core region and also the quasi-free vortex surrounded the vortex core region and also under the assumption of the introduction of equivalent length Heq corresponding to the cone spaces of the cyclone body and the dust bunker. On the other hand, the mean rotational velocity Voi near the concave wall surface is also estimated by the mechanical balance of angular momentum fluxes with the moment of viscous friction force. For confirming the general applications of the obtained equations, the returned flow types cyclones changed the throat diameter D3 are designed. The material of the cyclone is the transparent acrylic resin. Therefore the inner surface of the cyclone body can be regarded as smooth surface. The comparisons of the measured velocities V~ and Voi by a cylindrical Pitot tube are shown in good agreement with those of the proposed equations. The above stated results are described in detail.

关键词： Cyclone Dust Collector Maximum Tangential Velocity Mean Rotational Velocity Angular Momentum Flux Equivalent Length Surface Frictional Force Ogawa Combined Vortex Model Reynolds Number.

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Comparison of generalized engine control and MPC based on maximum principle

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Control Theory and Technology 2017年第2期15卷 150-157页

作者： akira OHATA TECHNOVA Inc. The Imperial Hotel Tower 1-1 Uchisaiwai-cho 1 Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0011 Japan

Automotive engine control has been continuously improved due to the strong demands from the society and the market since introducing electronic controls but not always following control theories. Therefore, it is not easy for researchers from academia and even engineers from the automotive industry to grasp the whole aspect of engine control. To encounter the issue, important features of engine control are extracted and generalized from the standpoint of control engineering. Comparisons of the control and model predictive control （MPC） showed an outstanding performance of the control generalized from engine controls and how to apply MPC in the framework.

关键词： Automotive engine history of engine control control design input constraints time delay model predictive control

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Spin-up and Spin-Down Times of Rotational Air Flow Depended on Mean Air Velocity and Surface Roughness on Inner Surface in Cylindrical Vortex Chamber

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Journal of Thermal Science 2004年第1期13卷 46-55页

作者： akira Ogawa Hiroyuki Murakami Department of Mechanical Eng.College of Eng. Nihon UniversityT-963.TokusadaTamura-machiKooriyama-CityJapanThe Marine Self Defense Forcethe Defense AgencyJapan

The spin-up time TA in the spin-up process and spin-down time TD in the spin-down process of rotational air flow in the cylindrical vortex chamber with three kinds of the artificial surface roughness were investigated. One of the most different characteristics between the smooth and rough surface conditions was the spin-down time TD. Also the transient response of the tangential velocity on the spin-up process was analyzed numerically and this result was compared with the experimental results. The above stated results are reported here in detail.

关键词： vortex chamber spin-up time spin-down time transient response surface roughness.

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Control of Collection Efficiency for Axial Flow Cyclone Dust Collectors with Fixed Guide Vanes and with Funnel Shaped Exit Pipes

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Journal of Thermal Science 2006年第3期15卷 240-250页

作者： akira Ogawa Masaru Arakawa T-110-0011 Minowa 2-14-7Taitou-KuTokyoJapan SHINWA RULES Co. Ltd.Sanjo-ShiNiigataJapan

The experimental result of the collection efficiency of the axial flow cyclone with the fixed guide vanes is lower than that with the tangential inlet pipe to the cyclone body due to the weak angular momentum transfer given by flowing through the guide vanes. However, one of the interesting points is the control of the collection efficiency depended on the funnel shaped exit pipes. The collection efficiencies for these funnel shaped exit pipes are depended on the Froude number. Then, in this paper, the experimental results of the pressure drop and also the collection efficiency using the fly-ash particles and also the comparison of the calculated results of the collection efficiency with the experimental results are described i~ detail.

关键词： Axial flow cyclone funnel shaped exit pipe fixed guide vanes pressure drop collection efficiency,Froude number cut-Size

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Petrological study of the western Iratsu mass from the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku, Japan

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2005年第7期6卷 649-655页

作者：厉子龙 TAKASU akira Department of Earth Science Zhejiang University Department of Earth Science Shimane University

The western Iratsu mass, the largest tectonic body in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku, is mainly composed of epidote amphibolite with minor amounts of eclogite. Systematically, a majority of garnets show bell-shaped chemical zoning of pyrope contents and Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) monotonously increasing outward. The grossular component in zonal garnet increases outwards, maximizes at an intermediate part, and then decreases towards the outermost rim, reflecting a process from increasing to decreasing pressure conditions during the prograde metamorphism. Jadeite contents of omphacite range from 25～20mole% within the cores to 15～10 mole% at the rims, implying a pressure-decreasing process (from 11 × 105 Pa to 8 × 105 Pa). The peak pressure-temperature (P-T) condition of 630～680 ℃ and ca. 15× 105 Pa in the western Iratsu mass is much higher than that of (610±25) ℃ and (10± 1)× 105 Pa of the Sambagawa oligoclase-biotite zone schists. The authors suggest a clockwise P-T-t path for the western Iratsu mass.

关键词： Petrology P-T-t path Western Iratsu mass Sambagawa belt

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Robust Stability of Nonlinear Plants with a Non-symmetric Prandtl-Ishlinskii Hysteresis Model

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2010年第2期7卷 213-218页

作者： akira Inoue Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University

In this paper, robust stability of nonlinear plants represented by non-symmetric Prandtl-Ishlinskii （PI） hysteresis model is studied. In general, PI hysteresis model is the weighted superposition of play or stop hysteresis operators, and the slopes of the operators are considered to be the same. In order to make a hysteresis model, a modified form of non-symmetric play hysteresis operator with unknown slopes is given. The hysteresis model is described by a generalized Lipschitz operator term and a bounded parasitic term. Since the generalized Lipschitz operator is unknown, a new condition using robust right coprime factorization is proposed to guarantee robust stability of the controlled plant with the hysteresis nonlinearity. As a result, based on the proposed robust condition, a stabilized plant is obtained. A numerical example is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) hysteresis model robust stability right coprime factorization non-symmetric play hysteresis operator nonlinear plants.

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Slow and fast light in quantum-well and quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers Invited Paper

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第10期6卷 736-742页

作者： Piotr Konrad Kondratko akira Matsudaira Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana IL61801USA

Slow and fast light in quantum-well （QW） and quantum-dot （QD） semiconductor optical amplifiers （SOAs） using nonlinear quantum optical effects are presented. We demonstrate electrical and optical controls of fast light using the coherent population oscillation （CPO） and four wave mixing （FWM） in the gain regime of QW SOAs. We then consider the dependence on the wavelength and modal gain of the pump in QW SOAs. To enhance the tunable photonic delay of a single QW SOA, we explore a serial cascade of multiple amplifiers. A model for the number of QW SOAs in series with variable optical attenuation is developed and matched to the experimental data. We demonstrate the scaling law and the bandwidth control by using the serial cascade of multiple QW SOAs. Experimentally, we achieve a phase change of 160^o and a scaling factor of four at 1 GHz using the cascade of four QW SOAs. Finally, we investigate CPO and FWM slow and fast light of QD SOAs. The experiment shows that the bandwidth of the time delay as a function of the modulation frequency changes in the absorption and gain regimes due to the carrier-lifetime variation. The tunable phase shift in QD SOA is compared between the ground- and first excited-state transitions with different modal gains.

关键词： SOA CPO Slow and fast light in quantum-well and quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers Invited Paper FWM well

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