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Yearly variation in character istics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-PAHs in urban shanghai from 2010-2018

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 72-79页

作者： Lu Yang Xuan Zhang Wanli Xing Quanyu Zhou Lulu Zhang Qing Wu Zhijun Zhou Renjie Chen akira toriba Kazuichi Hayakawa Ning Tang Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920-1192Jjapan School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920-1192Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machi920-1192KanazawaJapan

This study encompassed the regular observation of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and three nitro-PAHs(NPAHs)in particulate matter(PM)in Shanghai in summer and winter from 2010 to *** results showed that the mean concentrations of∑PAHs in summer decreased by 24.7%in 2013 and 18.1%in 2017 but increased by 10.2%in 2015 compared to the data in ***,the mean concentrations of∑PAHs in winter decreased by 39.7%from 2010(12.8±4.55 ng/m^3)to 2018(7.72±3.33 ng/m^3),and the mean concentrations of 1-nitropyrene in winter decreased by 79.0%from 2010(42.3±16.1 pg/m^3)to 2018(8.90±2.09 pg/m^3).Correlation analysis with meteorological conditions revealed that the PAH and NPAH concentrations were both influenced by ambient *** diagnostic ratios of PAHs and factor analysis showed that they were mainly affected by traffic emissions with some coal and/or biomass *** ratio of 2-nitrofluoranthene to 2-nitropyrene was near 10,which indicated that the OH radical-initiated reaction was the main pathway leading to their secondary ***,backward trajectories revealed different air mass routes in each sampling period,indicating a high possibility of source effects from the northern area in winter in addition to local and surrounding ***,the mean total benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent concentrations in Shanghai in winter decreased by 50.8%from 2010(1860±645 pg/m^3)to 2018(916±363 pg/m^3).These results indicated the positive effects of the various policies and regulations issued by Chinese authorities.

关键词： Air pollution Fine particulate matter Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Health risk Shanghai

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Size distribution of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh combustion smoke and ambient air: A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第2期32卷 370-384页

作者： Lulu Zhang Lu Yang Quanyu Zhou Xuan Zhang Wanli Xing Yongjie Wei Min Hu Lixia Zhao akira toriba Kazuichi Hayakawa Ning Tang Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environment SciencesBeijing 100012China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and they mostly stem from the imperfect combustion of fossil fuels and *** are inherently associated with homogenous fine particles or distributed to different-sized particles during the aging of air *** carried by fine particles undergo a long-range transport to remote areas while those adsorbed on coarse particles have a shorter lifetime in ambient *** importantly, PAHs with higher molecular weights tend to be bound with finer particles and can deeply enter the lungs, posing severe health risks to ***, the environmental fate and health effects of particulate PAHs are strongly *** review summarizes the size distributions of particulate PAHs freshly emitted from combustion sources as well as the distribution patterns of PAHs in ambient *** was found that PAHs from stationary sources are primarily bound to fine particles, which are slightly larger than particles to which PAHs from mobile sources are *** ambient air, particulate PAHs are distributed in larger size modes than those in the combustion fume, and the particle size decreases with PAH molecular weight *** relevant mechanisms and influencing factors of particle size distribution changes are illustrated in this article, which are essentially attributed to combustion and ambient temperature as well as the physical and chemical properties of ***, the study on the particle size distribution of PAHs will contribute for a full understanding of the origin, atmospheric behaviors and health effects of particulate PAHs.

关键词： Atmospheric pollution Coal combustion Biomass burning Vehicle exhaust Gas–particle partitioning

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Nitro-PAH exposures of occupationally-exposed traffic workers and associated urinary 1-nitropyrene metabolite concentrations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 213-221页

作者： Justin P.Miller-Schulze Michael Paulsen Takayuki Kameda akira toriba Kazuichi Hayakawa Brandon Cassidy Luke Naeher Manuel Aguilar Villalobos Christopher D.Simpson Department of Chemistry University of Washington WA 98195-1700 USA. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington WA 98195 Seattle USA Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry Instkute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Kanazawa UniversityKakurna-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kakma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Department of Enuironmental Health Sciences University of Georgia Athens CA 30602-2102 USA Asociacion del Aire Ambiental Lima Peru

The assessment of occupational exposure to diesel exhaust（DE） is important from an epidemiological perspective. Urinary biomarkers of exposure have been proposed as a novel approach for measuring exposure to DE. In this study, we measured the concentrations of two urinary metabolites of 1-nitropyrene（1NP）, a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been suggested as a molecular marker of diesel particulate matter. These two metabolites, 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were determined in urine samples（10 m L） from a small group of workers who were occupationally-exposed to vehicle exhaust in Trujillo, Peru, before and after their workshifts. Workshift exposures to1 NP, as well as PM_（2.5）, 2-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluoranthene, were also *** to 1NP were similar in all studied workers, averaging 105 ± 57.9 pg/m^3（±standard deviation）. Median urinary concentrations of the average of the pre- and post-exposure samples for 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were found to be 3.9 and 2.3 pg metabolite/mg creatinine, respectively in the group of occupationally-exposed subjects（n = 17） studied. A direct relationship between workshift exposure to 1NP and urinary 1NP metabolites concentrations was not observed. However,the 1NP exposures and the creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of the hydroxynitropyrene metabolites in these Peruvian traffic workers were similar to occupationally-exposed taxi drivers in Shenyang, China, and were higher than biomarker levels in office workers from Trujillo without occupational exposure to vehicle *** study provides further evidence that urinary metabolites of 1NP are associated with exposure to DE and may serve as a useful exposure biomarker.

关键词： Urinary biomarkers 1-Nitropyrene Diesel particulate matter

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