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Effects of Different Combinations of Two Spices:Clove and Nutmeg Seed Extracts on Antioxidants Levels in African Catfish(Clarias gariepinus)

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Journal of Fisheries Science 2021年第2期3卷 36-44页

作者： akinrotimi o.a okenwa U Stephen M.U Eze B.U onwujiariri C.E African Regio.al Aquaculture Center/Nigerian Institute for oceanography and Marine Research AluuPort HarcourtRivers StateNigeria Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment Faculty of AgricultureRivers State UniversityNkpoluOroworukwoPortharcourtRivers StateNigeria

The effect of different combinations of bo.anical spices such as clove and nutmeg in different proportion on the antioxidants activities which include lipid peroxidation(LPo),superoxide dismutase(SoD),catalase(CAT),glutathione-S-transferase(GST)and glutathione peroxide(GPX)in juveniles and adults sizes of Clarias gariepinus was investigated using different combinations of clove(C),and nutmeg(C.N 0:0-Control 0%of Clove and Nutmeg;C.N 1:3-25%Clove and 75%Nutmeg;C.N 3:1-75%Clove and 25%Nutmeg;C.N 2:2-50%Clove and 50%Nutmeg;C.4-100%Clove;N4-100%)in *** results from the study indicated that the anaesthetic caused a substantial(podifications in the five antioxidants under *** highest deviations in the studied antioxidants were observed in the fish exposed to C4 combination of the anaesthetics and the lowest in the *** results from this work therefore suggest that the anaesthetics can alter antioxidants levels in the fish which was more noticeable in the fish exposed to C.N 3:1-75%Clove and 25%Nutmeg;C.N 2:2-50%Clove and 50%Nutmeg;C.4-100%Clove;N4-100%.Hence fish farmers and scientists are advised to take caution when combining these plant extracts for use in aquaculture.

关键词： Spices Nutmeg Clove Anaesthetics Fish Antioxidants

Blood bio.arkers of Alzheimer’s disease:important considerations for use in clinical practice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 205-206页

作者： Sarah Fullam Sean o’Dowd Antoinette o’Connor Department of Neurology Tallaght University HospitalDublinIreland Academic Unit of Neurology Trinity College DublinIreland

Introduction:Fluid and positron emission tomography(PET)bio.arkers that enable the detection of the hallmark proteins of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(amyloid and tau)have revolutionized our approach to the diagnosis of *** evolution of AD diagnostic criteria to include biological characterization(Alzheimer’s Association Working Group,2023)provides an appropriate framework to reduce levels of clinico-pathologic mismatch and improve in-vivo diagnostic *** the therapeutic landscape for neurodegenerative disease evolves,it is increasingly incumbent on clinicians to provide timely,and pathologically precise diagnoses for ***,the expensive and invasive nature of these tests limits their scalability.

关键词： Blood Alzheimer diagnosis

Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Soco.ato João B.Relvas Institute of Research and Inno.ation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivo.al field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** explo.ation is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventio.al conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advo.ating for a deeper explo.ation of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elabo.ate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift to.ards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Contribution of mechanical forces to structural synaptic plasticity:insights from 3D cellular motility mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1995-1996页

作者： Rita o.Teodoro Mafalda Ribeiro Ramos Lara Carvalho iNo.a4Health NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

Cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no ***-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid composition,abundance of mechanosensors,and cytoskeletal dynamics make cells more or less likely to sense these *** and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this combined information determines the rate and dynamics of membrane protrusion growth or retraction(Yamada and Sixt,2019).Cell protrusions are extensions of the plasma membrane that play crucial roles in diverse contexts such as cell migration and neuro.al synapse *** the nervous system,neurons are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number of their pre-and postsynaptic elements(called synaptic boutons and dendritic spines,respectively),in response to changes in the levels of synaptic activity through a process called *** plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is present throughout our lives,being required for functions like memory formation or the learning of new motor skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and Franze,2024).

关键词： plasticity structural mechanisms

Apples to o.anges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher J.o’Connell Matthew J.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA James L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained o.ange dynamic

Coarse to Fine: The Role of Severe Plastic Deformation in Advancing Titanium-Based Medical Implants - A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 295-306页

作者： Dragana R Mihajlović Bo.an I Međo Ivana Lj Cvijović-Alagić Veljko R Djokić Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of BelgradeKarnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sci-ences-Natio.al Institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade11001BeogradSerbia Inno.ation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia

This paper describes severe plastic deformation(SPD)procedures,which are utilized to form an ultrafine-grained structure in metallic *** the SPD process,a solid material sample is subjected to very high loads without a significant change in sample *** the present work,the high-pressure torsion(HPT)process,as one of the SPD techniques,which achieves a high degree of deformation and ensures refinement of the microstructure,will be discussed in more *** that grain size control is accepted as a method to obtain materials with desired characteristics,an overview of the properties of ultrafine-grained titanium-based bio.aterials to be used in medicine is ***,particular attention is dedicated to the influences of HPT process parameters,primarily hydrostatic pressure,and number of revolutions during torsion,on the grain size and physical and mechanical characteristics(modulus of elasticity,micro.ardness,and tensile properties),corrosion resistance,and biocompatibility of the titanium-based bio.aterials.A review of the literature indicates that titanium-based materials obtained by the SPD process show improved mechanical and physical properties without losing biocompatibility and corrosion resistance,which suggests that these methods of obtaining implants are something that should be further developed in the future.

关键词： high-pressure torsion process ultrafine-grained titanium-based materials electrochemical anodization physical properties mechanical properties

Dynamic stress concentration in an infinitely long cylindrical cavity due to.a point spherical source embedded within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 139-156页

作者： H.HoSSEINI o.BALILASHAKI Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan University

The effects of a harmonically exciting monopole source on an infinitely long cylindrical cavity embedded entirely within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent are examined theoretically. It is assumed that the source is lo.ated outside the cavity at a specified distance from the borehole axis. The magnitudes of the hoop and radial stresses beside the pore pressures exerted on the interface and inside the porous medium surrounding the borehole are calculated and discussed. Biot's poroelastic modeling along with three types of boundary conditions for the cylindrical interface including the ideal fluid, empty borehole, and rigid inclusion with a hard boundary is employed for the analysis. Utilizing a proper translatio.al addition theorem for expressing the incident spherical wave in terms of cylindrical wave expansions, the proposed boundary conditions at the interface are satisfied. Stresses are formulated by means of wave potential functions in a three-dimensio.al(3D) manner. The effects of the frequency and the radial distance between the source and borehole on the induced stresses are examined for the first cylindrical modes over frequency spectra. Two permeability conditions for the interface and three types of soils for the porous formation are considered throughout the analysis. To give an overall outline of the study, a numerical example is presented. The results clearly indicate that the distance is a key parameter and has considerable effects on the induced stress values. In addition, the interface permeability condition and soil characteristics play an important role in determining the dynamic response of the borehole. Finally,the obtained results are compared with the relevant analyses existing in the literature for some limit cases, and good agreement is achieved.

关键词： Stress concentration

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1992年的世界经济与世界商品市场形势

世界经济与政治论坛 1992年第9期 2-5页

作者： o.a萨维诺夫柳昕

1991年在经历了首先因北美国家、英国以及东欧国家经济衰退造成世界生产增长明显下降之后,预计今年世界经济的发展将出现适度的恢复。1992年,总的经济形势将由于世界经济一体化过程的加强而受到很大的影响。国际资本的交织,首先在西欧... 详细信息

1991年在经历了首先因北美国家、英国以及东欧国家经济衰退造成世界生产增长明显下降之后,预计今年世界经济的发展将出现适度的恢复。1992年,总的经济形势将由于世界经济一体化过程的加强而受到很大的影响。国际资本的交织,首先在西欧将得到进一步的发展,原因是,拟定在1993年建成欧共体国家内部统一的大市场。1991年12月9日一10日,欧共体12国国家元首和政府首脑在荷兰马斯特里赫特举行的会晤,达成了关于建立政治和货币财政联盟的协议。

关键词：世界经济世界商品经济衰退东欧国家马斯特里赫特对外经济联系国际资本政府首脑经济增长速度生产增长

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavio.al recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axo.al fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley o.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavio.al recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axo.al ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavio.al recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functio.al/behavio.al *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functio.al and behavio.al recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axo.al ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to.a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentio.al gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavio.al functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration