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Differential effects of physical activity and sleep duration on cognitive function in young adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第2期7卷 227-236页

作者： Kazuko Kato Kunihiro Iwamoto Naoko Kawano Yukihiro Noda Norio Ozaki akiko Noda Department of Biomedical Sciences Chubu University Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences Department of Psychiatry Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Institutes of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology Graduate School of PharmacyMeijo University

Purpose: Although exercise and sleep duration habits are associated with cognitive function, their beneficial effects on cognitive function remain unclear. We aimed to examine the effect of sleep duration and daily physical activity on cognitive function, elucidating the neural mechanisms using near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).Methods: A total of 23 healthy young adults(age 22.0 ± 2.2 years) participated in this study. Exercise amount was assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer. We evaluated total sleep time(TST) and sleep efficiency by actigraphy. Cognitive function was tested using the N-back task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST), and the Continuous Performance Test—Identical Pairs(CPT-IP), and the cortical oxygenated hemoglobin levels during a word fluency task were measured with ***: Exercise amount was significantly correlated with reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks(r = —0.602, p = 0.002; r = —0.446, p = 0.033,respectively), whereas TST was significantly correlated with % corrects on the 2-back task(r = 0.486, p = 0.019). Multiple regression analysis,including exercise amount, TST, and sleep efficiency, revealed that exercise amount was the most significant factor for reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks(b = —0.634, p = 0.002; b = —0.454, p = 0.031, respectively), and TST was the most significant factor for % corrects on the 2-back task(b = 0.542, p = 0.014). The parameter measured by WCST and CPT-IP was not significantly correlated with TST or exercise amount. Exercise amount, but not TST, was significantly correlated with the mean area under the NIRS curve in the prefrontal area(r = 0.492, p = 0.017).Conclusion: Exercise amount and TST had differential effects on working memory and cortical activation in the prefrontal area. Daily physical activity and appropriate sleep duration may play an important role in working memory.

关键词： Cortical oxygenation Executive function Exercise Sustained attention Total sleep time Working memory

Role of regulatory T cell in the pathogenesis of inflammatorybowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第7期22卷 2195-2205页

作者： akiko yamada rieko arakaki masako saito takaaki tsunematsu yasusei kudo naozumi ishimaru Department of Oral Molecular Pathology Tokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima 770-8504Japan

Regulatory T(Treg) cells play key roles in various immune responses. For example, Treg cells contribute to the complex pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis during onset or development of that disease. Many animal models of IBD have been used to investigate factors such as pathogenic cytokines, pathogenic bacteria, and T-cell functions, including those of Treg cells. In addition, analyses of patients with IBD facilitate our understanding of the precise mechanism of IBD. This review article focuses on the role of Treg cells and outlines the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of IBD based on previous reports.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Regulatory Tcell Animal model Therapy

Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第21期52卷 2963-2972页

作者： ZHOU ShiQiao NAKAWO Masayoshi SAKAI akiko MATSUDA Yoshihiro DUAN KeQin PU JianChen Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Institute of Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Chengdu 610071 China Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O + 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O + 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoo

关键词：青藏高原祁连山冰川降水粒雪

Disruption of Dhcr7 and Insig1/2 in cholesterol metabolism causes defects in bone formation and homeostasis through primary cilium formation

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Bone Research 2020年第1期8卷 39-52页

作者： akiko Suzuki Kenichi Ogata Hiroki Yoshioka Junbo Shim Christopher AWassif Forbes DPorter Junichi Iwata Department of Diagnostic&Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonSchool of DentistryHoustonTXUSA Center for Craniofacial Research The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonSchool of DentistryHoustonTXUSA Division of Translational Medicine Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMDUSA Pediatric Research Center The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonMcGovern Medical SchoolHoustonTXUSA MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences HoustonTXUSA

Human linkage studies suggest that craniofacial deformities result from either genetic mutations related to cholesterol metabolism or high-cholesterol maternal diets. However, little is known about the precise roles of intracellular cholesterol metabolism in the development of craniofacial bones, the majority of which are formed through intramembranous ossification. Here, we show that an altered cholesterol metabolic status results in abnormal osteogenesis through dysregulation of primary cilium formation during bone formation. We found that cholesterol metabolic aberrations, induced through disruption of either Dhcr7(which encodes an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis) or Insig1 and Insig2(which provide a negative feedback mechanism for cholesterol biosynthesis), result in osteoblast differentiation abnormalities. Notably, the primary cilia responsible for sensing extracellular cues were altered in number and length through dysregulated ciliary vesicle fusion in Dhcr7 and Insig1/2 mutant osteoblasts. As a consequence, WNT/β-catenin and hedgehog signaling activities were altered through dysregulated primary cilium ***, the normalization of defective cholesterol metabolism by simvastatin, a drug used in the treatment of cholesterol metabolic aberrations, rescued the abnormalities in both ciliogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our results indicate that proper intracellular cholesterol status is crucial for primary cilium formation during skull formation and homeostasis.

关键词： metabolism cholesterol homeostasis

Eustachian tube involvement in a patient with relapsing polychondritis detected by magnetic resonance imaging:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第4期10卷 1441-1446页

作者： Daisuke Yunaiyama akiko Aoki Hiroshi Kobayashi Miwako Someya Mitsuru Okubo Kazuhiro Saito Department of Radiology Tokyo Medical University HospitalShinjuku-ku 160-0023TokyoJapan Department of Radiology Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical CenterHachioji-shi 193-0998Japan Department of Rheumatology Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical CenterHachioji-shi 193-0998Japan Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical CenterHachioji-shi 193-0998Japan

BACKGROUND Relapsing polychondritis(RP)is a rare inflammatory disease involving the systemic cartilage,such as the auricle,trachea,and bronchiole,among others.A patient with RP shows variable symptoms based on the involved *** SUMMARY A 72-year-old Japanese woman with a history of redness of the bilateral auricles for 3 d was referred to a *** clinician prescribed antibiotics to the patient;however,the symptoms worsened;thus,she was referred to our *** and neck magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed edematous auricle with remarkable contrast,fluid collection in the bilateral mastoid cells,suggesting otitis *** eustachian tube(ET)on the right side was also edematous with contrast *** patient was suspected of RP according to the diagnostic criteria.A biopsy of the auricular cartilage was performed by an otorhinolaryngologist,confirming pathological proof of *** with steroids were immediately administered *** We highlight a rare case of RP with radiologically confirmed involvement of ET in the MRI.

关键词： Relapsing polychondritis Magnetic resonance imaging Contrast enhancement Otitis media with effusion Eustachian tube Case report

E2FBP1 antagonizes the p16^(INK4A)-Rb tumor suppressor machinery for growth suppression and cellular senescence by regulating promyelocytic leukemia protein stability

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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第4期3卷 200-208页

作者： Yayoi Fukuyo akiko Takahashi Eiji Hara Nobuo Horikoshi Tej K. Pandita Takuma Nakajima Department of Immunology Tulane National Primate Research Center Section of Bacterial Pathogenesis Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University Division of Cancer Biology The Cancer Institute Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Division of Molecular Radiation Biology Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest triggered by the activation of oncogenes or mitogenic signaling as well as the enforced expression of tumor suppressors such as p53, p16INK4A and promyelocytic leukemia protein （PML） in normal cells. E2F-binding protein 1 （E2FBP1）, a transcription regulator for E2F, induces PML reduction and suppresses the formation of PML-nuclear bodies, whereas the down-regulation of E2FBP1 provokes the PML-dependent premature senescence in human normal fibroblasts. Here we report that the depletion of E2FBP1 induces the accumulation of PML through the Ras-dependent activation of MAP kinase signaling. The cellular levels of p16INK4A and p53 are elevated during premature senescence induced by depletion of E2FBP1, and the depletion of p16INK4A, but not p53 rescued senescent cells from growth arrest. Therefore, the premature senescence induced by E2FBP1 depletion is achieved through the pl6INK4A-Rb pathway. Similar to human normal fibroblasts, the growth inhibition induced by E2FBP1 depletion is also observed in human tumor cells with intact p16INK4A and Rb. These results suggest that E2FBP1 functions as a critical antagonist to the pI6INK4A-Rb tumor suppressor machinery by regulating PML stability.

关键词： E2F-binding protein 1 senescence cell cycle ubiquitin promyelocytic leukemia protein

Myringoplasty: A comparison of inlay and underlay techniques

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Journal of Otology 2024年第2期19卷 72-76页

作者： Hisashi Sugimoto akiko Tamori Miyako Hatano Hiroki Hasegawa Tomokazu Yoshizaki Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawaJapan

Purpose:Myringoplasty aims to improve hearing and prevent otorrhea,making graft uptake rates and hearing crucial *** study analyzed the factors associated with unsuccessful graft uptake and hearing improvement to guide the selection of optimal surgical approaches for ***:We retrospectively reviewed 56 ears with chronic otitis *** patients were followed up for>6 months after tympanic membrane closure *** compared the underlay method using the transcanal approach with the inlay method using the retroauricular approach for myringoplasty in patients with chronic otitis *** underlay and inlay methods were used for 23 and 33 ears,*** primary outcomes were graft uptake rate and hearing ***,factors such as the location of tympanic membrane perforation,patient age,and the degree of mastoid development were ***:The perforation rate was high when the transcanal underlay method was employed to repair perforations in the anterior inferior *** the underlay and inlay methods significantly improved ***,the success rate of the inlay method was *** the cases performed using the inlay method,outcomes tended to be poorer in older age *** were no significant differences in surgical success rates related to mastoid ***:The inlay method using the retroauricular approach is a favorable option for repairing perforations involving the anterior inferior ***,older patients presented lower rates of hearing improvement when the inlay method was used.

关键词： Myringoplasty Chronic otitis media Underlay method Inlay method

Prospective controlled study on the effects of polyethylene glycol in capsule endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第15期18卷 1789-1792页

作者： Takafumi Ito Ken Ohata akiko Ono Hideyuki Chiba Yosuke Tsuji Hajime Sato Nobuyuki Matsuhashi Department of Gastroenterology Kanto Medical CenterNTT EastTokyo 1418625Japan Department of Health Policy and Technology Assessment National Institute of Public Health2-3-6 MinamiWako-shi 3293147Japan

AIM:To prospectively confirm whether a small amount of polyethylene glycol(PEG)ingested after swallowing endoscopy capsule improves image quality and completion ***:Forty-four consecutive patients referred to us for capsule endoscopy(CE)were randomized to two *** patients were restricted to clear fluids for 12 h before the *** in group A(22 cases)received no additional preparation,while those in group B(20 cases)ingested 500 mL of PEG within a 2 h period starting 30 min after swallowing the *** fluids and meals were allowed 2 h and 4 h after capsule ingestion,*** quality was assessed as the percentage of visualized bowel surface area as follows:1:90%.The small bowel record was divided into five segments by time,and the score for each segment was *** CE examinations were performed with the Pillcam SB capsule endoscopy sys-tem(Given Imaging ***.,Yoqnem).RESULTS:This study ended in December 2009,because sample size was considered large enough.A total of 44 patients were *** patients in group B were excluded from the analysis because small bowel images could not be obtained from these patients;one had a full stomach,while the other presented with a massive gastric ***,22 patients from group A and 20 patients from group B completed the *** was no significant difference in age(P=0.22),sex(P=0.31),and indication for *** significant adverse events occurred in any of the study *** group A,image quality deteriorated as the capsule progressed ***,in group B,image quality was maintained to the distal small *** each of the five segments,the visibility score was significantly higher in group B than in group A(segment 1:4.3± 0.7vs 4.7±0.5,P=0.03;segment 2:4.2±0.9vs 4.8 ±0.4,P=0.01;segment 3:4.0±1.0 vs 4.6±0.7,P =0.04;segment 4:3.6±1.1 vs 4.5±0.6,P=0.003;segment 5:2.7±1.0vs 4.4±0.8,P=0.00004).Thus,the use of PEG during CE e

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Completion rate Image quality Polyethylene glycol Preparation

Segmental gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection for early gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第41期16卷 5247-5251页

作者： Takeru Matsuda Kunihiko Kaneda Manabu Takamatsu Keishi Aishin Masahide Awazu akiko Okamoto Katsunori Kawaguchi Department of Surgery Kobe Kaisei HospitalKobe 657-0078 Japan

AIM: To describe a new surgical technique and evaluate the early results of segmental gastrectomy (SG) with modified D2 lymph node (LN) dissection for early gastric cancer (EGC). METHODS: Fourteen patients with EGC underwent SG with modified D2 dissection from 2006 to 2008. Their operative results and postoperative courses were compared with those of 17 patients who had distal gastrectomy (DG) for EGC during the same period. RESULTS: Operating time, blood loss, and hospital stay were similar between the 2 groups. Postoperative complications developed significantly more frequently in the DG group than in the SG group. Mean number of dissected LNs per each station in the SG group was comparable with that in the DG group. Postoperative recovery of body weight was significantly better in the SG group than in the DG group. The incidence of reflux esophagitis and gastritis after surgery was less frequent in the SG group than in the DG ***: SG with modified D2 LN dissection may be a new function-preserving gastrectomy that is feasible for treatment of EGC with possible LN involvement.

关键词： Gastrectomy Early diagnosis Gastric can-cer Lymph node Metastasis Gastrointestinal surgical procedures