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Mechanism of neurodegeneration through tau and therapy for Alzheimer's disease

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第4期5卷 391-392页

作者： akihiko Takashima Department of Life Science Faculty of ScienceGakushuin University

*** In Alzheimer’s disease（AD）,β-amyloid deposition and neurofibrilla y tangles（NFTs）,composed of hyperphosphorylated tau fibrils are considered to be major pathologic *** from the genetic studies of familial AD... 详细信息

关键词： NFT AFM AD

Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula successfully diagnosed by CT esophagography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第9期12卷 1476-1478页

作者： Koichi Nagata Yoshito Kamio Tamaki Ichikawa Mitsutaka Kadokura akihiko Kitami Shungo Endo Haruhiro Inoue Shin-Ei Kudo Digestive Disease Center Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital 35-1 Chigasaki-chuoTsuzuki-kuYokohama 224-8503 Japan Respiratory Disease Center Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital 35-1 Chigasaki-chuoTsuzuki-kuYokohama 224-8503Japan Department of Radiology Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital 35-1 Chigasaki-chuoTsuzuki-kuYokohama 224-8503Japan Digestive Disease Center Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital 35-1 Chigasaki-chuoTsuzuki-kuYokohama 224-8503Japan

Tracheoesophageal fistula （TEF） or bronchoesophageal fistula may be congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic, or secondary to trauma. Congenital TEF or bronchoesophageal fistula is usually associated with esophageal atresia and is readily diagnosed in infancy. But if it is not associated with esophageal atresia, it may persist until adulthood. Some theories have been proposed to explain this delay in diagnosis. We present a case of a 70-year-old man with congenital TEF. The TEF was successfully diagnosed by multidetector-row CT esophagography.

关键词： Tracheoesophageal fistula Congenital Virtual endoscopy Computed tomography Esophagography

Expression of alpha smooth muscle actin in living donor liver transplant recipients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 7067-7074页

作者： Masataka Hirabaru Kyoko Mochizuki Mitsuhisa Takatsuki akihiko Soyama Taiichiro Kosaka Tamotsu Kuroki Isao Shimokawa Susmu Eguchi Department of Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki 852-8501Japan Department of Investigative Pathology Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki 852-8501Japan

Recently, there have been reports from liver biopsies that showed the progression of liver fibrosis in liver transplant patients after the cessation of immunosuppression. Herein, we focused on activated hepatic stellate cells expressing alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) to understand the correlation between immunosuppressant medication and liver fibrosis. The study enrolled two pediatric patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation and ceased immunosuppressant therapy. The number of α-SMA-positive cells in the specimens obtained by liver biopsy from these two patients showed a three-fold increase compared with the number from four transplanted pediatric patients who were continuing immunosuppressant therapy. In addition, the α-SMA-positive area evaluated using the WinRooF image processing software program continued to increase over time in three adult transplanted patients with liver fibrosis, and the α-SMA-positive area was increasing even during the pre-fibrotic stage in these adult cases, according to a retrospective review. Therefore, α-SMA could be a useful marker for the detection of early stage fibrosis.

关键词： Living donor liver transplantation Liver fibrosis Immunosuppressant therapy Alpha smooth muscle actin Hepatic stellate cells

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome:Diagnosis and management

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第15期11卷 3369-3384页

作者： akihiko Oka Muyiwa Awoniyi Nobuaki Hasegawa Yuri Yoshida Hiroshi Tobita Norihisa Ishimura Shunji Ishihara Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Shimane University Faculty of MedicineIzumo 693-8501ShimaneJapan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDigestive Disease and Surgery InstituteHepatology SectionCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Clinical Laboratory Division Shimane University HospitalIzumo 693-8501ShimaneJapan Division of Hepatology Shimane University HospitalIzumo 693-8501ShimaneJapan

Superior mesenteric artery(SMA)syndrome(also known as Wilkie's syndrome,cast syndrome,or aorto-mesenteric compass syndrome)is an obstruction of the duodenum caused by extrinsic compression between the SMA and the *** median age of patients is 23 years old(range 0-91 years old)and predominant in females over males with a ratio of 3:*** symptoms are variable,consisting of postprandial abdominal pain,nausea and vomiting,early satiety,anorexia,and weight loss and can mimic anorexia nervosa or functional *** recurrent vomiting leads to aspiration pneumonia or respiratory depression via metabolic alkalosis,early diagnosis is *** useful diagnostic modalities are computed tomography as a standard tool and ultrasonography,which has advantages in safety and capability of real-time assessments of SMA mobility and duodenum *** initial treatment is usually conservative,including postural change,gastroduodenal decompression,and nutrient management(success rates:70%-80%).If conservative therapy fails,surgical treatment(i.e.,laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy)is recommended(success rates:80%-100%).

关键词： Superior mesenteric artery syndrome Wilkie’s syndrome Cast syndrome Aorto-mesenteric compass syndrome

Resolution of inflammation and repair after ischemic brain injury

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2020年第3期7卷 264-276页

作者： akihiko Yoshimura Minako Ito Department of Microbiology and Immunology Keio University School of MedicineTokyo 160-8582Japan Division of Allergy and Immunology Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University3-1-1 MaidashiHigashi-kuFukuoka 812-8582Japan

After ischemic stroke, proinflammatory molecules known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) originating from damaged brain cells recruit and activate immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes) further eliciting innate and adaptive immunity. During the acute phase from day 1 to day 3 of the stroke onset, macrophages play a major role in the progression of inflammation, promoting the destruction of brain tissue. During the recovery phase, from day 3~4 to day 7 after stroke onset, infiltrating macrophages switch to repairing macrophages, which clear the DAMPs and promote tissue repair by producing neurotrophic factors. Adaptive immunity during the late or chronic phase (> day 7) of stroke has not been well investigated. Recent studies have also indicated that antigen-specific T cells, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), play major roles in neural repair. This review focuses mainly on the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair by macrophages and Tregs.

关键词： DAMPs tissue repair macrophages regulatory T cells amphiregulin IL-33

Toward Circumventing Collinearity Effect in Nonlinear Spectral Mixture Analysis by Using a Spectral Shape Measure

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2016年第3期5卷 183-191页

作者： Wei Yang akihiko Kondoh Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University Chiba Japan

Nonlinear spectral mixture analysis (NSMA) is a widely used unmixing algorithm. It can fit the mixed spectra adequately, but collinearity effect among true and virtual endmembers will decrease the retrieval accuracies of endmember fractions. Use of linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) can effectively reduce the degree of collinearity in the NSMA. However, the inadequate modeling of mixed spectra in the LSMA will also yield retrieval errors, especially for the cases where the multiple scattering is not ignorable. In this study, a generalized spectral unmixing scheme based on a spectral shape measure, i.e. spectral information divergence (SID), was applied to overcome the limitations of the conventional NSMA and LSMA. Two simulation experiments were undertaken to test the performances of the SID, LSMA and NSMA in the mixture cases of treesoil, tree-concrete and tree-grass. Results demonstrated that the SID yielded higher accuracies than the LSMA for almost all the mixture cases in this study. On the other hand, performances of the SID method were comparable with the NSMA for the tree-soil and tree-grass mixture cases, but significantly better than the NSMA for the tree-concrete mixture case. All the results indicate that the SID method is fairly effective to circumvent collinearity effect within the NSMA, and compensate the inadequate modeling of mixed spectra within the LSMA.

关键词： Nonlinear Spectral Mixture Analysis Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis Collinearity Spectral Information Divergence (SID)

Primary biliary cholangitis metachronously complicated with combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第36期9卷 1378-1384页

作者： Ryuta Ide akihiko Oshita Takashi Nishisaka Hideki Nakahara Shiomi Aimitsu Toshiyuki Itamoto Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery Applied Life Sciences Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Department of Pathology Clinical Laboratory Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital Department of Hepatology Hiroshima General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company

Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) is a progressive cholestatic liver disease characterized by the presence of highly specific antimitochondrial antibodies, portal inflammation and lymphocyte-dominated destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts, which leads to cirrhosis. While its pathogenesis remains unclear, PBC that shows histological progression to fibrosis carries a high risk of carcinogenesis; the same is true of viral liver diseases. In patients with PBC, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is rare; the development of combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma(c HCC-CCC) is extraordinary. Herein, we report a rare case of PBC metachronously complicated by c HCC-CCC and HCC, which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported. We present a case report of a 74-year-old Japanese woman who was diagnosed as PBC in her 40's by using blood tests and was admitted to our department for further management of an asymptomatic liver mass. She had a tumor of 15 mm in size in segment 8 of the liver and underwent a partial resection of the liver. Subsequent pathological findings resulted in the diagnosis of c HCC-CCC, arising from stage 3 PBC. One year after the initial hepatectomy, a second tumor of 10 mm in diameter was found in segment 5 of the liver; a partial resection of the liver was performed. Subsequent pathological findings led to HCC diagnosis. The component of HCC in the initial tumor displayed a trabecular growth pattern while the second HCC showed a pseudoglandular growth pattern, suggesting that metachronous tumors that arise from PBC are multicentric.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma

Alanine Aminotransferase as the First Test Parameter for Wilson's Disease

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2019年第4期7卷 293-296页

作者： Hisao Hayashi Kazumasa Watanabe Ayano Inui Ayako Kato Yasuaki Tatsumi akihiko Okumura Tomoo Fujisawa Koichi Kato Department of Medicine Aichi Gakuin University School of PharmacyChikusa-kuNagoyaJapan Department of Gastroenterology Kainan HospitalYatomiJapan Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saiseikai Yokohama Toub HospitalYokohamaKanagawaJapan

Background and Aims: The liver is the first organ affected by toxic copper in the classical and severe hepatic forms of Wilson's disease(WD).Because their associated chronic liver damage is mostly asymptomatic,an intervention using a special test including serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity is needed for detecting ***: Using the modified international criteria for the diagnosis of WD,45 patients were selected from the collective databases of our institutions,and 7 infants were reviewed from the *** patients had the severe hepatic form,with nor-moceruloplasminemia and no mutations in *** rapid ALT change during hemolytic anemia was adjusted for a *** diagnostic potential of the ALT test was assessed from the age-dependent natural course of the liver damage of ***: The natural course had three *** were still low in some infants younger than 4 *** were high in all children between the ages of 4 and 8 years-old;then,they reduced to low levels in some patients over 9 years of *** high ALT stage represents chronic active hepatitis,and the sub-sequent low ALT stage is due to silent *** hepatic cop-per content is a reliable but invasive test,while urinary copper secretion is an alternative,non-invasive test for copper toxicosis of *** serum ceruloplasmin and ATP7B analyses are sub-type tests of *** response to anti-copper regimens is the final test ***: ALTcould be the first parameter to test to detect WD in children between the ages of 4 and 8 years.

关键词： Alanine aminotransferase ATP7B Ceruloplasmin Chronic active hepatitis Wilson's disease

Characteristic pathological findings and effects of ecabet sodium in rat reflux esophagitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第28期15卷 3480-3485页

作者： Daisuke Asaoka Akihito Nagahara Masako Oguro Yuko Izumi akihiko Kurosawa Taro Osada Masato Kawabe Mariko Hojo Michiro Otaka Sumio Watanabe Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine

AIM： To explore the pathological findings in the entire esophagus in rats with reflux esophagitis, and the effects of ecabet sodium （ES）. METHODS： A rat model of chronic acid reflux esophagitis was used. In the treatment group, ES was administered after surgery （n = 16）. No drug was administered postoperatively to the esophagitis group （n = 9）. Shamoperated rats were used as a control group （n = 5）. Rats were sacrificed on day 7 after the operation. The epithelial thickness and leukocyte infiltration were examined in the upper, middle and lower areas of the esophagus. The survival rate, incidence of esophageal ulcer, and mean surface area and number of esophageal ulcers were determined in the esophagitis and ES groups. Esophageal histology was assessed in all three groups. RESULTS： Leukocyte infiltration in the esophagitis group was 26.3 ± 22.0 in the middle esophagus and 8.2 ± 4.9 in the upper esophagus, which was significantly greater than that in the controls （1.3 ± 1.1 and 1.4 ±1.0, respectively）（P 〈 0.05）. The thickness of the epithelium in the esophagitis group was 210.8 ± 47.7 μm in the lower esophagus and 204.2 ± 60.1 μm in the middle esophagus, which was significantly greater than that in the controls （26.0 ± 5.5 and 21.0 ± 6.5 μm, respectively）（P 〈 0.05）. The mean number of ulcers per animal in the ES group in the entire esophagus was 5.4 =1= 2.5, which was significantly less than that in the esophagitis group （9.0 ± 3.5）（P 〈 0.05）. The epithelial thickness in the ES group was 97.5 ± 32.2 μm in the lower esophagus, which was decreased compared with that in the esophagitis group （210.8 ± 47.7 μm）（P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Mucosal inflammation extended to the upper esophagus close to the hypopharynx. Our study suggested that ES may have a useful defensive role in reflux esophagitis.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Upperesophagus Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease Extraesophageal syndrome