检索结果-南通市图书馆

Long noncoding RNAs in prostate cancer： overview and clinical implications

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 568-574页

作者： Bhavna malik Felix Y Feng Department of Radiation Oncology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA Department of Radiation Oncology Urology and Medicine University of California at San Francisco USA Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California at San Francisco USA

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality among men in the United States. While many prostate cancers are indolent, an important subset of patients experiences disease recurrence after conventional therapy and progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC）, which is currently incurable. Thus, there is a critical need to identify biomarkers that will distinguish indolent from aggressive disease, as well as novel therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of CRPC. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs （IncRNAs） have emerged as an important class of biological molecules. LncRNAs are polyadenylated RNA species that share many similarities with protein-coding genes despite the fact that they are noncoding （not translated into proteins）. They are usually transcribed by RNA polymerase II and exhibit the same epigenetic signatures as protein-coding genes. LncRNAs have also been implicated in the development and progression of variety of cancers, including prostate cancer. While a large number of IncRNAs exhibit tissue- and cancer-specific expression, their utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is just starting to be explored. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the functional role and molecular mechanisms of IncRNAs in the progression of prostate cancer and evaluate their use as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

关键词： biomarker long noncoding RNAs (IncRNAs) prostate cancer

Impact of Training of Dispensers on Case Management of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections at Community Pharmacies in Pakistan

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第4期3卷 485-491页

作者： Azhar hussain Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim Madeeha malik Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hamdard University F-8 Markaz Johar Road Islamabad Pakistan School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of training of dispensers on the process of case management of ARI at community pharmacies in context to history taking and provision of advice working at community pharmacies in Islamabad, Pakistan. Method: A randomized, controlled, blinded intervention study was designed and implemented. Before the implementation of intervention, a baseline study was performed to assess the process of case management for ARI at community pharmacies. The study population included all community pharmacy outlets in Islamabad. After data collection, data was analyzed. The result of the study revealed that the overall process of disease management of ARI at community pharmacies in Pakistan is not satisfactory. Pharmacies of Islamabad which were visited in pre intervention phase (118) were divided into two geographical regions A (intervention) and B (control). From which thirty pharmacies were selected randomly from each region. The targeted group of the interventions was drug sellers. Keeping in view the results of the base line study an educational intervention was designed to improve the case management of ARI at community pharmacies in Pakistan. Results: No significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) was seen in the process of history taking and advice provision in case of ARI management at community pharmacies between pre and post control groups. On the other hand significant difference in the process of history taking and provision of advice for ARI was observed in the intervention group before and after training. Conclusion: The study has highlighted that improvements in the current dispensing practices at community pharmacies are possible through appropriate educational interventions. The dispensers have the potential to provide fast and low cost healthcare to the masses in the country where the presence of doctors and qualified pharmacist is low;to date they are an untapped and underutilized source in the country.

关键词： Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) Community Pharmacies Dispensers Pakistan Training

Modeling of Objects Using Conic Splines

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第3期6卷 67-72页

作者： Muhammad Sarfraz malik Z. hussain Munazah Ishaq Department of Information Science Kuwait University Adailiya Campus Safat Kuwait Department of Mathematics University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

This paper contributes towards modeling for the designing of objects in the areas of Computer Graphics (CG), Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), and Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE). It provides a modeling technique for the designing of objects. The model is based on a conic-like curve (rational quadratics) method and provides an extra degree of freedom to the user to fine tune the shape of the design to the satisfactory level. The 2D curve model has then been extended for the designing of 3D objects to produce fancy objects. The scheme has been also extended to automate the degree of freedom when a reverse engineering is required for images of the objects. A heuristic technique of genetic algorithm is applied to find optimal values of shape parameters in the description of conics.

关键词： Computer Graphics CAD CAM CAE Splines

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Thioacteamide and Alterations in Blood Cell Indices in Rats

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第1期4卷 251-259页

作者： Muddasir Hassan Abbasi Tasleem akhtar Ihtzaz A. malik Sana Fatima Babar Khawar Khawaja Abdul Mujeeb Ghulam Mustafa Shabir hussain Javaid Iqbal Nadeem Sheikh Cell and Molecular Biology Lab Department of Zoology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Anatomy Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Medical and Dental College Lahore Pakistan Department of Zoology Govt. College of Science Lahore Pakistan University of Health Sciences Lahore Pakistan

Background: Thioacetamide (TAA) has been used extensively in the development of suitable animal models of acute and chronic liver injury employing various doses, times and routes of its administration, particularly in drinking water due to its resemblance with human liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare hematological alteration during the acute and chronic liver inflammation. Methods: Acute Liver inflammation was induced in Wistar rats via intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide and the animals were sacrificed 12 h after the TAA administration. Induction of chronic liver inflammation was performed by continuous administration of TAA in the drinking water (200 mg/L) during 18 weeks of experiment. After that all animals were sacrificed and Blood samples were collected for further analysis. Results: Single intra peritoneal injection of TAA (300 mg/kg B.W.) induced an acute condition with hematological changes including leukocytosis with marked neutrophilia (P = 0.0429), lymphopenia, thrombocytosis as well as increased hemoglobin concentration (P 0.05) and decline of erythrocytic count (P = 0.0009). Eighteen weeks of uninterrupted supply of TAA (200 mg/L) in drinking water lead to chronic inflammation and the hematological alterations were leucopenia (P = 0.0197) accompanied with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Increase in RBCs (P = 0.0073) and Hb contents was also observed with a decline of red cell indices. Conclusion: Taken together these findings we can conclude that the animals respond differently under acute and chronic inflammatory condition with TAA administration. Leukocytosis with marked neutrophilia, thrombocytosis as well as increased hemoglobin concentration and decline of erythrocytic count were observed in acute while leucopenia accompanied with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and increase in RBCs, Hb and Hct was also observed with a decline of other red cell indices during chronic phase.

关键词： Haematology Inflammation Leucocytosis Leucopenia Neutrophilia Neutropenia Thrombocytosis and Thrombocytopenia

An Optimal Analysis for 3D Flow of Prandtl Nanofluid with Convectively Heated Surface

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Communications in Theoretical Physics 2019年第12期71卷 1485-1492页

作者： malik Zaka Ullah Metib Alghamdi Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

In this paper,the magnetohydrodynamic 3 D flow of Prandtl nanoliquid subject to convectively heated extendable surface has been discussed.A linear stretching surface makes the *** and Brownian motion impacts are *** transfer for convective procedure is *** liquid is taken electrically conducted through applied magnetic *** non-dimensional variables lead to strong nonlinear ordinary differential *** obtained nonlinear differential systems are solved through optimal homotopic *** quantities like skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number are explored via *** is observed that effects of Hartman parameter and Biot number on temperature and concentration are quite *** temperature and concentration are enhanced for larger values of Hartman parameter and Biot number.

关键词： three-dimensional flow MHD Prandtl fluid nanoparticles optimal homotopy analysis method(OHAM)

青藏高原及其周边成冰纪-埃迪卡拉纪综合地层、生物群与古地理演化

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中国科学：地球科学 2024年第4期54卷 936-967页

作者：孙郎 malik Muhammad Saud Sajid KHAN 杨传孙智新潘兵 Shehryar AHMED 苗兰云孙玮辰胡春林孙晓娟罗翠陈波殷宗军赵方臣李国祥朱茂炎中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049

青藏高原及其周边的块体,包括印度板块、拉萨地块、羌塘地块、塔里木板块、欧龙布鲁克地块、中祁连地块、阿拉善地块、华北板块、扬子板块、中伊朗地块和阿曼等,以及各块体之间造山带的复杂演化历史是地球科学研究的前沿和热点.成冰系... 详细信息

青藏高原及其周边的块体,包括印度板块、拉萨地块、羌塘地块、塔里木板块、欧龙布鲁克地块、中祁连地块、阿拉善地块、华北板块、扬子板块、中伊朗地块和阿曼等,以及各块体之间造山带的复杂演化历史是地球科学研究的前沿和热点.成冰系和埃迪卡拉系广泛分布于该地区的各个构造单元,其中阿曼、印度板块、扬子板块以及塔里木板块发育有相对完整的成冰系和埃迪卡拉系;而在中伊朗地块、南羌塘地块、中祁连地块、阿拉善地块及华北板块,目前已知仅有埃迪卡拉系发育.基于前人对青藏高原及其周边地区成冰系和埃迪卡拉系的研究,结合第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目开展以来获得的新资料和研究进展,本文建立了该地区成冰系和埃迪卡拉系代表性地层序列对比表.在此基础上,本文梳理了该地区这一时期生物群和重大地质事件的研究现状和存在的问题.结果表明,该地区各板块埃迪卡拉纪化石的保存和组合面貌各具特色,但普遍发现有典型埃迪卡拉纪末期化石分子Cloudina和Shaanxilithes;除成冰纪两次全球性冰期事件外,在青藏高原北缘各块体(华北板块、阿拉善地块、北祁连构造带、中祁连地块、欧龙布鲁克地块、塔里木板块)以及伊朗中南部普遍记录了一次埃迪卡拉纪晚期的冰川事件,但该事件的时限、分布范围和成因有待进一步揭示;同时,埃迪卡拉纪中期DOUNCE/Shruam碳同位素负异常事件在青藏高原周边地区也具有广泛记录.综合现有研究资料发现,在成冰纪-埃迪卡拉纪期间,青藏高原及其周边地区大多数块体从罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解出来后,可能通过泛非运动构成东冈瓦纳大陆的一部分,而部分板块(如华北板块)位于冈瓦纳大陆和劳伦大陆之间.总体而言,该地区的主要块体在成冰纪-埃迪卡拉纪期间具体的古地理演化模型存在较多争议,亟需开展进一步的研究工作.

关键词：青藏高原成冰系埃迪卡拉系地层古地理生物群冈瓦纳大陆

Effect of boundary conditions and convection on thermally induced motion of beams subjected to internal heating

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第7期8卷 1044-1052页

作者： malik Pravin KADOLI Ravikiran GANESAN N. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Srinivasnagar 575025 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India

Numerical exercises are presented on the thermally induced motion of internally heated beams under various heat transfer and structural boundary conditions. The dynamic displacement and dynamic thermal moment of the beam are analyzed taking into consideration that the temperature gradient is independent as well as dependent on the beam displacement. The effect of length to thickness ratio of the beam on the thermally induced vibration is also investigated. The type of boundary conditions has its influence on the magnitude of dynamic displacement and dynamic thermal moment. A sustained thermally induced motion is observed with progress of time when the temperature gradient being evaluated is dependent on the forced convection generated due to beam motion. A finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the structural equation of motion as well as the heat transfer equation.

关键词： Thermal induced oscillations Natural convection Forced convection Finite element analysis

An improved chaotic hybrid differential evolution for the short-term hydrothermal scheduling problem considering practical constraints

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2015年第5期16卷 404-417页

作者： Tahir Nadeem malik Salman ZAFAR Saaqib HAROON Electrical Engineering Department University of Engineering and Technology

Short-term hydrothermal scheduling(STHTS) is a non-linear and complex optimization problem with a set of operational hydraulic and thermal constraints. Earlier, this problem has been addressed by several classical techniques; however, due to limitations such as non-linearity and non-convexity in cost curves, artificial intelligence tools based techniques are being used to solve the STHTS problem. In this paper an improved chaotic hybrid differential evolution(ICHDE) algorithm is proposed to find an optimal solution to this problem taking into account practical constraints. A self-adjusted parameter setting is obtained in differential evolution(DE) with the application of chaos theory, and a chaotic hybridized local search mechanism is embedded in DE to effectively prevent it from premature convergence. Furthermore, heuristic constraint handling techniques without any penalty factor setting are adopted to handle the complex hydraulic and thermal constraints. The superiority and effectiveness of the developed methodology are evaluated by its application in two illustrated hydrothermal test systems taken from the literature. The transmission line losses, prohibited discharge zones of hydel plants, and ramp rate limits of thermal plants are also taken into account. The simulation results reveal that the proposed technique is competent to produce an encouraging solution as compared with other recently established evolutionary approaches.

关键词： Valve-point effect Prohibited discharge zones Differential evolution Chaotic sequences Constraint handling

Assessment of Genetic Variation Within Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) Germplasm Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第4期50卷 385-392页

作者： Muhammad Ayub Khan malik Ashiq Rabbani Muhammad Munir Saifullah Khan Ajmal Muhammad Azim malik Oilseed Research Program National Agricultural Research Center Park Road Islamabad 45500 Pakistan Institute of Agri-Biotechnology & Genetic Resources National Agricultural Research Center Park Road Islamabad 45500 Pakistan University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi Pakistan

Genetic diversity among 45 Indian mustard （Brassica juncea L.） genotypes comprising 37 germplasm collections, five advance breeding lines and three improved cultivars was investigated at the DNA level using the random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） technique. Fifteen primers used generated a total of 92 RAPD fragments, of which 81 （88%） were polymorphic. Of these, 13 were unique to accession ‘Pak85559＇. Each primer produced four to nine amplified products with an average of 6.13 bands per primer. Based on pairwise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, Nei and Li＇s similarity coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationships among the accessions. Pairwise similarity indices were higher among the oilseed accessions and cultivars showing narrow ranges of 0.77-0.99. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities placed most of the collections and oilseed cultivars close to each other, showing a low level of polymorphism between the accessions used. However, the clusters formed by oilseed collections and cultivars were comparatively distinct from that of advanced breeding lines. Genetically, all of the accessions were classified into a few major groups and a number of individual accessions. Advanced breeding lines were relatively divergent from the rest of the accessions and formed independent clusters. Clustering of the accessions did not show any pattern of association between the RAPD markers and the collection sites. A low level of genetic variability of oilseed mustard was attributed to the selection for similar traits and horticultural uses. Perhaps close parentage of these accessions further contributed towards their little diversity. The study demonstrated that RAPD is a simple and fast technique to compare the genetic relationship and pattern of variation among the gene pool of this crop.

关键词： Brassica juncea genetic diversity germplasm oilseed mustard Pakistan random amplified polymorphic DNA.