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A techno.eco.o.ic analysis o. aquaculture business in o.un State,Nigeria

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Chinese Jo.rnal o. o.eano.o.y and Limno.o.y 2009年第2期27卷 415-420页

作者： R. o. kareem S. B. WILLIAMS Department o. Agricultural Eco.o.ics Faculty of AgricultureObafemi Awolowo University

Fish supplies 25% o. the to.al pro.ein so.rce in develo.ing co.ntries. A techno.eco.o.ic analysis was perfo.med fo. develo.ing a go.d business pro.o.al fo. aquaculture lo.ns to.enhance aquaculture develo.ment in Nigeria. A case study o. catfish Clarias gariepinus framing was co.ducted in Abeo.uta No.th Lo.al Go.ernment o. o.un State, Nigeria. The results sho. that the fixed co.t is N18 338 per year, and the variable co.t is N459 700 per year, acco.nting fo. the largest amo.nt o. the to.al; therefo.e, a pro.it o. N43 289 per mo.th can be made. Sensitivity analysis was perfo.med to.assess any risk(s) that asso.iated with unfavo.able changes in go.ernment po.icy with particular reference to.mo.etary po.icy. Po.itive net present value sho.s that the investment in fish farm is eco.o.ically feasible and the net investment ratio.is 3.52. Also. the benefit-co.t ratio.is 2.17. The internal rate o. return (IRR) is 21% sho.ing that the enterprise is able to.o.fset the interest being charged o. the lo.n. It is therefo.e wo.thwhile to.invest into.fish farm business in the study area. The study suggests that to.better sustain the lo.al aquaculture business, the go.ernment sho.ld create a go.d co.ducive enviro.ment to.fo.ter develo.ment o. the fish farming. Go.ernment interventio. is urgently needed to.so.ve pro.lems such as in traditio.al land tenure, grant credit facilities and subsidies, to.enhance the aquacultural develo.ment in the co.ntry.

关键词： aquaculture net present value B-C ratio net-investment-ratio internal rate o. return

Eco.o.ic efficiency in fish farming: ho.e fo. agro.allied industries in Niagara

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Chinese Jo.rnal o. o.eano.o.y and Limno.o.y 2008年第1期26卷 104-115页

作者： R.o.kareem A.o.DIPEo.U A.B.ARo.o.ARAN S.B.WILLIAMS o.afemi Awo.o.o University Dept.of Agric Economics Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria

The challenge to.increase the efficiency in fo.d pro.uctio. level in Nigeria appears to.be mo.e urgent no. than it has ever been in the histo.y o. the co.ntry. This is in view o. the rapidly increasing po.ulatio., the imminent decline in internatio.al eco.o.ic and fo.d aid and the need to.co.serve fo.eign exchange earnings thro.gh the pro.uctio. o. raw materials to.feed the gro.ing industrial secto. calls fo. urgent attentio.. The study was carded o.t in o.un State. The descriptive statistics was used to.determine the so.io.eco.o.ic characteristics o. the respo.dents. The sto.hastic fro.tiers pro.uctio. analysis was applied to.estimate the technical, allo.ative efficiency and eco.o.ic efficiency amo.g the fish farmers in the state. The results o. eco.o.ic efficiency revealed that fish farming is eco.o.ically efficient with a range o. between 55% and 84% efficiency level suggesting a favo.rable ho.e fo. the agro.allied industry such as po.ltry and co.tage industries etc in the state. The result o. hypo.hesis o. inefficiency so.rces mo.els sho.ed that years o. experience o. fish farmers is significant at 1% pro.ability level indicating the facto. co.tributing to.the fish farming experience in the state. Thus, the efficiency is due to.the fact that farmers are experienced and fairly educated. o. the basis o. findings, po.icy is suggested to.be directed to.ards the enco.ragement o. entrepreneurs in fish farming in the state by pro.iding enabling enviro.ment like credit facilities, public enlightenment pro.ramme and pro.isio. o. so.ial amenities like feeder ro.ds, pipe-bo.n water etc and given the fact that an increase in the level o. fo.mal educatio. variable leads to.less inefficiency, go.ernment po.icy sho.ld be fo.used o. ado.ting the best techno.o.y （e.g. fast gro.ing species and equipment ） so.as to.impro.e the level o. efficiency and investment which shall eventually lead to.gro.th in o.tput o. fish fanning and a lead to.the establishment o. agro.allied industries

关键词： Agro.allied industry efficiency sto.hastic pro.uctio. fro.tier Niagara

Tall Buildings with Dynamic Facade Under Winds

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Engineering 2020年第12期6卷 1443-1453页

作者： Fei Ding Ahsan kareem NatHaz Mo.eling Labo.ato.y University of Notre DameNotre DameIN 46556USA

Burgeo.ing gro.th o. tall buildings in urban areas aro.nd the wo.ld is placing new demands o. their perfo.mance under *** invo.ves selectio. o. the building fo.m that minimizes wind lo.ds and structural to.o.o.ies that efficiently transfer *** practice is to.search fo. o.timal shapes,but this limits buildings with static o. fixed *** shape tailo.ing that co.sists o. mo.ifying the external fo.m o. the building has sho.n great pro.ise in reducing wind lo.ds and asso.iated structural mo.io.s as reflected in the design o. Taipei 101 and Burj *** these buildings,co.ner mo.ificatio.s o. the cro.s-sectio. and tapering alo.g the height are *** appealing alternative is to.design a building that can adapt its fo.m to.the changing co.plex wind enviro.ment in urban areas with clusters o. tall buildings,i.e.,by implementing a dynamic *** leap beyo.d the static shape o.timizatio.,auto.o.o.s dynamic mo.phing o. the building shape is advanced in this study,which is implemented thro.gh a cyber–physical system that fuses to.ether sensing,co.puting,actuating,and engineering *** appro.ch will permit a building to.intelligently mo.ph its pro.ile to.minimize the so.rce o. dynamic wind lo.d excitatio.,and ho.ds the pro.ise o. revo.utio.izing tall buildings fro. co.ventio.al static to.dynamic facades by taking advantage o. the burgeo.ing advances in co.putatio.al design.

关键词： Tall buildings Aero.ynamic shape tailo.ing Auto.o.o.s mo.phing Cyber-physical system Co.putatio.al design Surro.ate mo.eling Machine learning

An auto.atic subdigraph reno.atio. plan fo. failure reco.ery o. co.po.ite semantic Web services

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Fro.tiers o. Co.puter Science 2013年第6期7卷 894-913页

作者： Hadi SABo.HI Sameem ABDUL kareem Department o. Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

A Web service-based system never fulfills a user＇s go.l unless a failure reco.ery appro.ch exists. It is inevitable that several Web services may either perish o. fail befo.e o. during transactio.s. The co.pletio. o. a co.po.ite pro.ess relies o. the smo.th executio. o. all co.stituent Web services. A mediato. acts as an intermediary between pro.iders and co.sumers to.mo.ito. the executio. o. these services. If a service fails, the mediato. has to.reco.er the who.e co.po.ite pro.ess o. else jeo.ardize achieving the intended go.ls. The ato.ic replacement o. a perished Web service usually do.s no. apply because the pro.ess o. lo.ating a matched Web service is unreliable. Even the system canno. depend o. the replacement o. the dead service with a co.- po.ite service. In this paper, we pro.o.e an auto.atic reno.a- tio. plan fo. failure reco.ery o. co.po.ite semantic services based o. an appro.ch o. subdigraph replacement. A replacement subdigraph is po.ed in lieu o. an o.iginal subdigraph, which includes the failed service. The replacement is do.e in two.separate phases, o.ltine and o.line, to.make the reco.ery faster. The o.itine phase fo.esees all po.sible subdigraphs, pre-calculates them, and ranks several po.sible replacements. The o.line phase co.pensates the unwanted effects and executes the replacement subdigraph in lieu o. the o.iginal subdigraph. We have evaluated o.r appro.ch during an experiment and have fo.nd that we co.ld reco.er mo.e than half o. the simulated failures. These achievements sho. a significant impro.ement co.pared to.current appro.ches

关键词： semantic Web service co.po.ite services fail- ure reco.ery subdigraph replacement

o.timal Price-maker Trading Strategy o. Wind Po.er Pro.ucer Using Virtual Bidding

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Jo.rnal o. Mo.ern Po.er Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第3期10卷 766-778页

作者： Do.gliang Xiao.Mo.amed kareem AlAshery Wei Qiao IEEE Po.er and Energy Systems Labo.ato.y Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588-0511USA Scho.l o. Electric Po.er South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

This paper pro.o.es a sto.hastic o.timizatio. mo.el fo. generating the o.timal price-maker trading strategy fo. a wind po.er pro.ucer using virtual bidding,which is a kind o. financial to.l available in mo.t electricity markets o. the United *** the pro.o.ed mo.el,virtual bidding is used to.impro.e the wind po.er pro.ucer’s market po.er in the dayahead(DA)market by trading at multiple buses,which are no. limited to.the lo.atio.s o. the wind *** o.timal jo.nt wind po.er and virtual trading strategy is generated by so.ving a bi-level no.linear sto.hastic o.timizatio. *** upperlevel pro.lem maximizes the to.al expected pro.it o. the wind po.er and virtual bidding while using the co.ditio.al value at risk(CVa R)fo. risk *** lo.er-level pro.lem represents the clearing pro.ess o. the DA *** using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)co.ditio.s,duality theo.y,and big-M metho.,the bi-level no.linear sto.hastic mo.el is firstly transferred into.an equivalent single-level sto.hastic mathematical pro.ram with the equilibrium co.straints(MPEC)mo.el and then a mixed-integer linear pro.ramming(MILP)mo.el,which can be so.ved by existing co.mercial *** reduce the co.putatio.al co.t o. so.ving the pro.o.ed sto.hastic o.timizatio. mo.el fo. large systems,a metho. o. reducing the number o. buses co.sidered fo. virtual bidding is pro.o.ed to.simplify the sto.hastic MPEC mo.el by reducing its decisio. variables and co.straints related to.virtual *** studies are perfo.med to.sho. the effectiveness o. the pro.o.ed mo.el and the metho. o. reducing the number o. buses co.sidered fo. virtual *** impacts o. the transmissio. limits,wind unit lo.atio.,risk aversio. parameters,wind po.er vo.atility,and wind and virtual capacities o. the price-maker trading strategy are also.studied thro.gh case studies.

关键词： Bi-level o.timizatio. electricity market risk management sto.hastic o.timizatio. virtual bidding wind po.er

Co.putatio.ally efficient MUSIC based Do. estimatio. algo.ithm fo. FMCW radar

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Jo.rnal o. Electro.ic Science and Techno.o.y 2023年第1期21卷 46-64页

作者： Bakhtiar Ali Karim Haitham kareem Ali Department o. Co.municatio. Engineering Sulaimani Polytechnic UniversitySulaymaniyah70-236Iraq

This paper pro.o.es lo.-co.t yet high-accuracy directio. o. arrival(Do.)estimatio. fo. the auto.o.ive frequency-mo.ulated co.tinuo.s-wave(FMcW)*** existing subspace-based Do. estimatio. algo.ithms suffer fro.either high co.putatio.al co.ts o. lo. *** aim to.so.ve such co.tradicto.y relatio. between co.plexity and accuracy by using rando.izedmatrix ***,we apply an easily-interpretablerando.ized lo.-rank appro.imatio. to.the co.ariance matrix(CM)and R∈C^(M×M)thro.ghthresketch maties in the fo. o. R≈o.Q^(H).Here the appro.imately co.pute its *** is,we first appro.imate matrix Q∈C^(M×z)co.tains the o.tho.o.mal basis fo. the range o. the sketchmatrik C∈C^(M×z)cwe whichis etrated fo. R using rando.ized unifo. co.nsampling and B∈C^(z×z)is a weight-matrix reducing the appro.imatio. *** o. such appro.imatio.,we are able to.accelerate the subspaceco.putatio. by the o.ders o. the magnitude witho.t co.pro.ising estimatio. ***,we drive a theo.etical erro. bo.nd fo. the suggested scheme to.ensure the accuracy o. the *** validated by the simulatio. results,the Do. estimatio. accuracy o. the pro.o.ed algo.ithm,eficient multiple signal classificatio.(E-MUSIC)s high,clo.ely tracks standardMUSIC,and o.tperfo.ms the well-kno.n algo.ithms with tremendo.slyreduced time ***,the devised metho. can realize high-reso.utio.real-time target detectio. in the emerging multiple input and multiple o.tput(MIMo.auto.o.ive radar systems.

关键词： Co.putatio.al co.plexity Directio. o. arrival(Do.)estimatio. Frequency-mo.ulated co.tinuo.s-wave(FMCW)radar Subspace algo.ithms

X-Ray Diffractio. Study o. Plasma Expo.ed and Annealed AlSb Bilayer Thin Film

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Plasma Science and Techno.o.y 2013年第4期15卷 382-385页

作者： T. Abdul kareem A. Anu KALIANI PG and Research Department o. Physics Kongunadu Arts and Science College CoimbatoreTamilnadu 641029 India

Aluminum antimo.y seems to.be a pro.ising semico.ducting material fo. high temperature applicatio.s, especially fo. transisto.s and P-N junctio. dio.es. Additio.ally, it is a highly efficient so.ar material. This paper discusses the plasma induced bilayer diffusio. o. A1Sb bilayer thin films using X-ray diffracto.ram. A1Sb bilayer thin films were prepared o. a glass substrate by vacuum evapo.atio. technique. The effect o. plasma expo.ure time and annealing temperature o. the micro.structural parameters were investigated. X-ray diffractio. studies sho. that the cubic crystals o. A1 o.ient alo.g the （111） plane and the hexago.al crystals o. Sb o.ient alo.g the （003） plane. Newly fo.med cubic crystals o. A1Sb are o.iented alo.g the （200） plane and they are fo.med due to.the simultaneo.s gro.th o. A1 and Sb crystals during plasma expo.ure.

关键词： Aluminum antimo.y bilayer plasma expo.ure bilayer mixing

Lo.al measurement o. terahertz field-induced seco.d harmo.ic generatio. in plasma filaments

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Fro.tiers o. o.to.lectro.ics 2023年第4期16卷 135-178页

作者： kareem J.Garriga Francis Xi‑Cheng Zhang The Institute o. o.tics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA

The co.cept o. Terahertz Field-Induced Seco.d Harmo.ic(TFISH)Generatio. is revisited to.intro.uce a single-sho. detectio. scheme based o. third o.der *** specifcally o. the further develo.ment o. THz plasma-based so.rces,we begin o.r research by reimagining the TFISH system to.serve as a direct plasma *** this wo.k,an o.tical pro.e beam is used to.mix directly with the stro.g po.dero.o.ive current asso.iated with laser-induced io.izatio..A fo.r-wave mixing(FWM)pro.ess then generates a stro.g seco.d-harmo.ic o.tical wave because o. the mixing o. the pro.e beam with the no.linear current co.po.ents o.cillating at THz *** o.served co.versio. efciency is high eno.gh that fo. the frst time,the TFISH signal appears visible to.the human *** perfo.m spectral,spatial,and tempo.al analysis o. the detected seco.d-harmo.ic frequency and sho. its direct relatio.ship to.the no.linear ***,a metho. to.detect inco.erent and co.erent THz inside plasma flaments is devised using spatio.tempo.al *** single-sho. detectio. co.fguratio.s are theo.etically described using a co.binatio. o. expanded FWM mo.els with Ko.tenbauder and Gaussian *** sho. that the retrieved tempo.al traces fo. THz radiatio. fro. single-and two.o.o. laser-induced air-plasma so.rces match theo.etical descriptio.s very *** tempo.al reso.utio. is sho.n with a detectio. bandwidth limited o.ly by the spatial extent o. the pro.e laser *** detectio. bandwidth and tempo.al characterizatio. is sho.n fo. THz radiatio. co.fned to.under-dense plasma flaments induced byo. the relativistic intensity limit.

关键词： Terahertz detectio.-Plasma characterizatio.-Spectral characterizatio. Single-sho. detectio.

A pro.o.ype o.line database-enabled design framewo.k fo. wind analysis/design o. lo.-rise buildings

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Fro.tiers o. Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 121-130页

作者： Dae Kun KWo. Ahsan kareem Deepak KUMAR Yukio.TAMURA NatHaz Mo.eling Labo.ato.y Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences University of Notre DameNotre Dame IN 46556 USA Department o. o.ean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India Department o. Architectural Engineering Tokyo Polytechnic University Tokyo 243-0297 Japan

This study presents a develo.ment o. an advanced cyberbased database-enabled design mo.ule fo. lo.- rise buildings （DEDM-LR） which pro.ides estimatio. o. the wind-induced respo.ses fo. main wind fo.ce resisting frames by making direct use o. pressure time histo.ies measured at a large number o. pressure taps o.er a suite o. building mo.els. These respo.ses may be co.sidered in lieu o. co.e-specified lo.d effects in which the o.erall accuracy may be influenced by the inherent simplificatio.s in co.es. In additio., this new auto.ated appro.ch is particularly attractive and advantageo.s as it allo.s a web-based o.line analysis/design via intuitive user-friendly interfaces fo. bo.h the input and o.tput in terms o. familiar web-style fo.ms that are no.adays very co.mo. in mo.t o. web-based services. Presently, the DEDM-LR ho.ts an aero.ynamic database develo.ed by the To.yo.Po.ytechnic University （TPU）, Japan fo. a variety o. building co.figuratio.s like flat, gable, and hip ro.fs under suburban terrain flo. co.ditio. with immediate applicatio. to.o.her databases. The paper sho.s the efficacy and validity o. the DEDM-LR by walking thro.gh its details and examples o. selected gable-ro.fed buildings. The architecture o. DEDM-LR platfo.m o.fers the ability to.po.l reso.rces by ho.ting o.her databases that may beco.e available in the near future.

关键词： wind lo.ds lo.-rise building pressure measurement aero.ynamics building design structural respo.se,building co.es info.matio. techno.o.y (IT)