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Assessment of Atmospheric Reanalysis Data Based on Buoy Observations over the Tropical Western Indian Ocean in 2019

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第4期22卷 863-873页

作者： LUO Yulan liU lin PAUL Oloo philip sagero li Kuiping YANG Yang sU Qinglei li Qiuchi MIAO Zichen First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources and Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical ModelingPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China southern Marine science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 510275China Kenya Meteorological Department Nairobi 30259Kenya Department of Geography Earth Science and EnvironmentThe University of the South PacificBag Suva 17257Fiji

Atmospheric reanalysis data are an important data source for studying weather and climate systems.The sea surface wind and sea level pressure observations measured from a real-time buoy system deployed in Kenya’s offshore area in 2019 conducted jointly by Chinese and Kenyan scientists were used to evaluate the performance of the major high-frequency atmospheric reanalysis products in the western Indian Ocean region.Compared with observations,the sea level pressure field could be accurately simulated using the atmospheric reanalysis data.However,significant discrepancies existed between the surface wind reanalysis data,especially between meridional wind and the observational data.Most of the data provide a complete understanding of sea level pressure,except for the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis data,which hold a significant system bias.The Modern-Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications,Version-2,provides an improved description of all datasets.All the reanalysis datasets for zonal wind underestimate the strength during the study period.Among reanalysis data,NCEP-DOE Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project reanalysis data presents an inaccurate description due to the worst correlation with the observations.For meridional wind,most reanalysis datasets underestimate the variance,while the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis 4 has a larger variance than the observations.In addition to the original data comparison,the diurnal variability of sea level pressure and surface wind are also assessed,and the result indicates that the diurnal variations have a significant gap between observation and reanalysis data.This study indicates that the current high-frequency reanalysis data still have disadvantages when describing the atmospheric parameters in the Western Indian Ocean region.

关键词： Bailong buoy reanalysis Indian Ocean sea level pressure surface wind

Rangeland hillslope lengths:A case study at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed,southeastern Arizona

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 597-609页

作者： li li Mark A.Nearing philip Heilman Mary H.Nichols D.P.Guertin C.J.Williams school of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85705USA UsDA-Agricultural Research service Southwest Watershed Research CenterTucsonAZ85719USA

Rangeland hillslopes provide much of the sediment supplied to channel systems and their lengths exert a fundamental constraint on hillslope diffusive processes.However,information regarding lengths of rangeland hillslopes,and how best to estimate them,is limited.In this study,three groups of watersheds(10 in total)were selected from the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed according to their geology,soil and vegetation characteristics.Group 1 watersheds were at lower elevations dominated by shrubs,Group 3 were at high elevations dominated by grass,and Group 2 were mixed shrub and grass.Their hillslope lengths were calculated from 1 m-resolution DEMs using three methods:a flow routing algorithm,slope-area relationships,and inverted relationship with drainage density.Parameters that characterize the current watersheds,including Hack's exponent and coefficient,watershed shape coefficient,channel concavity and steepness,and surface roughness,were quantified and related to hillslope lengths.Results shows:(1)estimated hillslope lengths were different for the three methods and between the three groups of watersheds;(2)hillslope lengths that measured from the flow routing algorithm for the ten selected watersheds primarily ranged from 30 to 100 m,with a median value of 63.0 m,which was 20%e50%greater than those derived from slope-area plots or drainage densities;(3)hillslope lengths estimated from the flow routing method were greater in Group 3 watersheds than in Group 2 and then in Group 1 watersheds.We attributed these differences in hillslope lengths to the historic epeirogenic pulses,watershed and drainage network morphology,and differences in vegetation characteristics;(4)measured hillslope lengths from the flow routing algorithm were best correlated with hillslope relief,then surface roughness,channel steepness and concavity.These results would benefit the applications of hydrological and erosion models in rangelands.

关键词： Rangeland hillslope slope length Drainage density slope-area relationship Hillslope hydrology

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袁复礼西北考察野外记录簿的内容与价值

敦煌学辑刊 2024年第2期2卷 181-208页

作者：李正一北京大学历史学系北京100871

袁复礼在参加中国西北科学考查团期间,于自备的野外记录簿中记录了随行日记、测量数据、收入支出账目、阅读笔记、调查杂写等内容,这些原始记录成为他后来撰写《蒙新五年行程纪》和《三十年代中瑞合作的西北科学考查团》的重要依据.本... 详细信息

袁复礼在参加中国西北科学考查团期间,于自备的野外记录簿中记录了随行日记、测量数据、收入支出账目、阅读笔记、调查杂写等内容,这些原始记录成为他后来撰写《蒙新五年行程纪》和《三十年代中瑞合作的西北科学考查团》的重要依据.本文选取袁复礼西北考察野外记录簿中保留的日记、账目、数据和阅读笔记等内容,结合袁复礼旧藏地图、照片资料,对1927-1933年间袁复礼的考察行迹进行梳理和补遗.袁复礼在包头调查期间的英文日记和草图,反映出他作为地学家的独特学术旨趣.而袁复礼阅读斯文·赫定和勒柯克著作时的摘抄笔记,则说明他对西域史地和民族志研究产生了兴趣.袁复礼最早试译了勒柯克著作中的新疆地名,并根据考察时获得的口述资料撰写了《新疆之哈萨克民族》一文,这为理解袁复礼的生平和学术贡献提供了更丰富而详实的证据.

关键词：袁复礼中国西北科学考查团日记包头勒柯克(Albert von Le Coq)

Rationale and design of a randomised double-blind 2×2 factorial trial comparing the effect of a 3-month intensive statin and antiplatelet therapy for patients with acute mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA with intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis(INsPIREs)

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stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 249-258,I0096-I0110页

作者： Ying Gao Yuesong Pan shangrong Han Weiqi Chen Jing Jing Chunjuan Wang Yingying Yang Tingting Wang Xia Meng Xingquan Zhao liping liu Hao li s Claiborne Johnston Pierre Amarenco philip M Bath Yongjun Wang Yilong Wang Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Dean's Office Dell Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA Department of Neurology and stroke Center Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris(APHP)Bichat HospitalINSERM LVTS-U1148University of ParisParisFrance Population Health Research Institute McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada stroke Trials Unit Mental Health&Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National Center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Chinese Institute for Brain Research BeijingChina

Background It remains unclear if intensive antiplatelet and statin treatments begun within 24-72 hours of cerebral ischaemic events from intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis is effective or safe.Methods The Intensive statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for High-risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis(INsPIREs)trial is a randomised,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicentre and 2×2 factorial trial.6100 individuals between the ages of 35 and 80 who have experienced a mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk transient ischaemic attack(TIA)within the previous 72 hours that is attributed to≥50%atherosclerotic stenosis of a major intracranial or extracranial artery or multiple infarctions of atherosclerotic origin will be enrolled in the trial.Eligible subjects will be randomised 1:1:1:1 to one of four groups:(1)intensive antiplatelet therapy(combined clopidogrel and aspirin for days 1-21,then aspirin placebo and clopidogrel for days 22-90)plus immediate intensive statin therapy(atorvastatin at a dose of 80 mg daily for the first 21 days,then 40 mg daily for days 22-90);(2)intensive antiplatelet therapy plus delayed intensive statin therapy(atorvastatin placebo for days 1-3,followed by 40 mg per day of atorvastatin for days 4-90);(3)standard antiplatelet therapy(combination of clopidogrel placebo with aspirin for 90 days)plus immediate intensive statin therapy and(4)standard antiplatelet therapy plus delayed intensive statin therapy.The primary efficacy endpoint is any new stroke(ischaemic or haemorrhagic)within 90 days after randomisation.The primary safety endpoint is moderate to severe bleeding at 90 days.Conclusion The INsPIREs trial will assess the efficacy and safety of intensive antiplatelet therapy and immediate intensive statin therapy begun within 72 hours of onset in decreasing the recurrent stroke at 90 days in patients with acute mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA of intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis origin.

关键词： intracranial atherosclerosis random

A global synthesis of the effectiveness and ecological impacts of management interventions for spartina species

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2023年第11期17卷 263-272页

作者： shengyu Wang philip A.Martin Yan Hao William J.sutherland Gorm E.shackelford Jihua Wu Ruiting Ju Wenneng Zhou Bo li Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity science and Ecological Engineering National Observations and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze EstuaryInstitute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-ChongmingSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Biosecurity Research Initiative at st Catharine’s(BioRIsC) St Catharine’s CollegeUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB21RLUK Conservation science Group Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB23QZUK state Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds School of EcologyEnvironment and ResourcesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of southwest China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive AdaptationEvolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion BiologyInstitute of BiodiversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650504China

Invasions by spartina species pose serious threats to global coastal ecosystems.Although many studies have examined the effectiveness and ecological impacts of invasive spartina management,no comprehensive global synthesis has been conducted to assess the effects of management on spartina per se and on wider non-targets.Here,we conducted a global meta-analysis of 3,459 observations from 102 studies to quantify the effects of different management interventions(physical,chemical,biological,and integrated control)on spartina per se and native biodiversity and environments.We found that physical measures quickly suppressed spartina but that their effectiveness declined over time.By contrast,chemical measures decreased the abundance and growth of spartina to a lesser degree in the early stage,but the effectiveness increased over time.Different management measures did not significantly decrease the diversity of native biota on the whole,but native-plant diversity significantly decreased with time after physical control.Different management measures did not affect abiotic factors differently.These results support the use of chemical measures to control invasive spartina,although their effectiveness would depend on the time since the management intervention.Addressing the problem of spartina regrowth following physical control requires improved techniques.We hold that initial states of invaders and subsequent environmental changes after management interventions should be weighed in evaluating control efficacy.

关键词： Plant invasion Biodiversity Meta-analysis Restoration salt marshes Treatment timing

Impacts of application patterns and incorporation rates of dredged Yellow River sediment on structure and infiltration of saline-alkali soil

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第35期15卷 139-146页

作者： Kesheng li Weihang Kong Wenshuo Xu Chuanxiao liu state Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116JiangsuChina College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018ShandongChina

soil salinization is an issue of global concern.Despite recent evidence indicates that application of sediments into saline-alkali soil in Yellow River Delta as an additive can increase crop yield,its effects on soil structure and infiltration remain uncertain.In this study,the comprehensively analyses were conducted on the soil infiltration and microstructure of the soil treated with three sediment application layers(surface layer at 0-15 cm,lower layer at 15-30 cm,and plough layer at 0-30 cm)and four sediment incorporation rates(0,2%,5%and 10%),using soil column simulation experiment.Results indicated that the dredged Yellow River sediments can improve the infiltration capacity of saline-alkali soil;and the infiltration capacity increased with the rising sediment incorporation rate under the given application pattern.Compared with the control,applying dredged Yellow River sediments at 10%rate at lower layer and plough layer significantly facilitated the soil infiltration of the saline-alkali soil.soil macro-porosity for T2,T5 and T10 was 26%,52%and 158%more than that for the control,respectively.This phenomenon was attributed to the increased soil macro-porosity,due to the improved soil microstructure with the incorporation of sediment into the saline-alkali soil.Moreover,the cumulative infiltration was fitted better with Kostiakov infiltration model than Horton and philip models.

关键词： saline-alkali soil Yellow River sediment soil infiltration microstructure incorporation rate application pattern

Probabilistic Performance-Based Optimum seismic Design Framework: Illustration and Validation

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2019年第9期120卷 517-543页

作者： Yong li Joel P.Conte philip E.Gill Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada Department of structural Engineering University of CaliforniaSan Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaSan Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA 92093USA

In the field of earthquake engineering,the advent of the performance-based design philosophy,together with the highly uncertain nature of earthquake ground excitations to structures,has brought probabilistic performance-based design to the forefront of seismic design.In order to design structures that explicitly satisfy probabilistic performance criteria,a probabilistic performance-based optimum seismic design(PPBOsD)framework is proposed in this paper by extending the state-of-the-art performance-based earthquake engineering(PBEE)methodology.PBEE is traditionally used for risk evaluation of existing or newly designed structural systems,thus referred to herein as forward PBEE analysis.In contrast,its use for design purposes is limited because design is essentially a more challenging inverse problem.To address this challenge,a decision-making layer is wrapped around the forward PBEE analysis procedure for computer-aided optimum structural design/retrofit accounting for various sources of uncertainty.In this paper,the framework is illustrated and validated using a proof-of-concept problem,namely tuning a simplified nonlinear inelastic single-degreeof-freedom(sDOF)model of a bridge to achieve a target probabilistic loss hazard curve.For this purpose,first the forward PBEE analysis is presented in conjunction with the multilayer Monte Carlo simulation method to estimate the total loss hazard curve efficiently,followed by a sensitivity study to investigate the effects of system(design)parameters on the probabilistic seismic performance of the bridge.The proposed PPBOsD framework is validated by successfully tuning the system parameters of the structure rated for a target probabilistic seismic loss hazard curve.The PPBOsD framework provides a tool that is essential to develop,calibrate and validate simplified probabilistic performance-based design procedures.

关键词： Performance-based seismic design optimum seismic design forward PBEE analysis inverse PBEE analysis uncertainty quantification hazard deaggregation

生物炭与化肥配施对紫色土坡耕地侵蚀性耕层土壤水分及入渗特性的影响

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西南大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第4期46卷 121-132页

作者：李鸿史东梅盘礼东西南大学资源环境学院/三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室重庆400715

土壤水分及入渗是坡耕地降雨径流侵蚀的关键环节.采用铲土侵蚀模拟法,建立5种侵蚀程度的坡耕地原位试验,开展不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、生物炭与化肥配施(BF)的对比试验,分析不同施肥措施与侵蚀程度下土壤水分及入渗性能变化.结果表明:... 详细信息

土壤水分及入渗是坡耕地降雨径流侵蚀的关键环节.采用铲土侵蚀模拟法,建立5种侵蚀程度的坡耕地原位试验,开展不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、生物炭与化肥配施(BF)的对比试验,分析不同施肥措施与侵蚀程度下土壤水分及入渗性能变化.结果表明:①在不同施肥措施下,BF提高了土壤中粉粒占比,显著降低了土壤容质量,增大了毛管孔隙度,提高了土壤自然含水率;而随着侵蚀强度加剧,土壤容质量总体呈现上升趋势,总孔隙度则呈相反规律,自然含水率也随之下降.②坡耕地耕层土壤稳定入渗率从大到小依次为:CK,F,BF,对施肥措施响应显著,但土壤侵蚀强度对入渗特征作用不显著;philip模型对施肥措施下坡耕地侵蚀性耕层土壤水分入渗过程模拟效果最佳,Horton模型能较好地反映低侵蚀强度下耕层入渗规律,而高侵蚀强度下则以philip模型拟合效果更优.③冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,BF、土壤侵蚀厚度20 cm(s-20)、F、CK、土壤侵蚀厚度15 cm(s-15)是引起耕层土壤物理性能与入渗参数发生变化的主要因素(ps-15)是该研究区紫色土坡耕地侵蚀性耕层土壤的承受阈值.

关键词：生物炭土壤侵蚀耕层入渗模型紫色土坡耕地

Aberrant cholesterol metabolic signaling impairs antitumor immunosurveillance through natural killer T cell dysfunction in obese liver

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第7期19卷 834-847页

作者： Wenshu Tang Jingying Zhou Weiqin Yang Yu Feng Haoran Wu Myth T.s.Mok lingyun Zhang Zhixian liang Xiaoyu liu Zhewen Xiong Xuezhen Zeng Jing Wang Jiahuan Lu Jingqing li Hanyong sun Xiaoyu Tian philip Chun Yeung Yong Hou Heung Man Lee Candice C.H.Lam Howard H.W.Leung Anthony W.H.Chan Ka Fai To John Wong Paul B.s.Lai Kelvin K.C.Ng simon K.H.Wong Vincent W.s.Wong Alice P.s.Kong Joseph J.Y.sung Alfred s.L.Cheng school of Biomedical sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of liver surgery Ren Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127China Department of surgery The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Hong Kong SAR 999077China state Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Lee Kong Chian school of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Institute of Precision Medicine The First Affliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

Obesity is a major risk factor for cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)that develops from a background of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Hypercholesterolemia is a common comorbidity of obesity.Although cholesterol biosynthesis mainly occurs in the liver,its role in HCC development of obese people remains obscure.Using high-fat high-carbohydrate diet-associated orthotopic and spontaneous NAFLD-HCC mouse models,we found that hepatic cholesterol accumulation in obesity selectively suppressed natural killer T(NKT)cell-mediated antitumor immunosurveillance.Transcriptome analysis of human liver revealed aberrant cholesterol metabolism and NKT cell dysfunction in NAFLD patients.Notably,cholesterol-lowering rosuvastatin restored NKT expansion and cytotoxicity to prevent obesogenic diet-promoted HCC development.Moreover,suppression of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by a mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)inhibitor vistusertib preceded tumor regression,which was abolished by NKT inactivation but not CD8^(+)T cell depletion.Mechanistically,sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2(sREBP2)-driven excessive cholesterol production from hepatocytes induced lipid peroxide accumulation and deficient cytotoxicity in NKT cells,which were supported by findings in people with obesity,NAFLD and NAFLD-HCC.This study highlights mTORC1/sREBP2/cholesterol-mediated NKT dysfunction in the tumor-promoting NAFLD liver microenvironment,providing intervention strategies that invigorating NKT cells to control HCC in the obesity epidemic.

关键词： Cancer microenvironment Cancer models Tumour immunology