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Predictors of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge among Women of Reproductive Age in Southeast Nigeria

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international Journal of clinical Medicine 2024年第7期15卷 240-256页

作者： Jideuma Egwim Victor Dike Hope igbonagwam Nkechinyere Oke Uzoma Amajo ak.c.i okafor Angela izegbune ijedimma okafor Department of Family Medicine Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri Nigeria Department of Public Health Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant Michigan USA Department of Ophthalmology Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Lagos University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Department of internal Medicine Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Ebonyi State Nigeria Field Office World Health Organisation Imo State Nigeria Department of internal Medicine Ebonyi State University College of Health Sciences Ebonyi State Nigeria

Background: An abnormal vaginal discharge is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, and it can indicate serious conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group in imo State, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 women of reproductive age group attending the clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri, in imo State, Nigeria. Respondents were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge. Statistical significance was set at p Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30 ± 4.5 years. Predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge were: age 36 - 45 years (OR: 4.5;95% c.i: 1.023 - 8.967, p = 0.041), being a student (OR: 2.4: 95% c.i: 1.496 - 7.336, p = 0.003), use of oral contraceptives (OR: 3.4;95% c.i: 1.068 - 6.932, p = 0.010), use of water cistern (OR: 4.7;c.i: 1.654 - 5.210, p = 0.028) anal hygiene practices (OR: 2.7;95% c.i: 1.142 - 4.809, p conclusion: These findings suggest that targeted sexual and reproductive health interventions should be provided to reduce the risk of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group.

关键词： Predictors Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Antipredatory call behavior of lapwing species in an Afrotropical environment

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 630-639页

作者： Fatima R.James chioma i.okafor Samuel T.Osinubi Shiiwua A.Manu Samuel ivande Taiwo c.Omotoriogun A.p.leventis ornithological research institute university of josp.o.box 13404josplateau statenigeria eden creation care initiative rennajj fish farm p.o.box 7173josplateau statenigeria fitzpatrick institute of african ornithology university of cape towncape townsouth africa department of zoology university of josjosplateau statenigeria biotechnology unit department of biological scienceselizade universityp.m.2.002ilara-mokinondo statenigeria natural history museum university of oslop.o.box 1172 blindern0318 oslonorway

Predation is an important source of natural selection on prey species and has resulted in adaptations such as antipredator vocal signals,which can alert others to the presence of predators and solicit cooperative *** vocal alarm signals of birds have been well studied,they are poorly known in tropical African *** address this lack of information,the antipredatory signals and responses of two lapwings(Wattled Lapwing Vanellus senegallus and Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus)to potential predators were investigated using data collected from focal observation,distance measurements,focal recordings,and playback *** lapwing calls elicited to predators were classified as alarm or mobbing calls based on whether the calls elicited alert behavior or attack from other *** linear analysis(DLA)was used to compare the time and frequency parameters of the call types measured in Raven ***,lapwings’responses to intruders,alert and start distance,time of day,and latency,as well as the effects of flock size and distance to cover were *** 48%of all calls was correctly classified by *** best predictors of call type for the lapwings were maximum frequency and high *** alarm and mobbing calls were elicited by African Wattled Lapwings to dogs and *** calls were elicited to intruders by the Spur-winged *** distance was positively associated with start distance,and differed between morning and evening in both *** scarce information from tropical Africa,this study put in perspective vocal and antipredator behavior of lapwing species in Africa.

关键词： Acoustic Alarm calls Lapwings Mobbing calls Vocal signals

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Detection of microbial antigenic components of circulating immune complexes in HiV patients:involvement in cD4^+ T lymphocyte count depletion

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 828-832页

作者： Ezeani Michael chukwudi Onyenekwe cc Wachukwu cK Anyiam DcD Meludu Sc Ukibe RN ifeanyichukwu M Onochie A Anahalu i okafor UU Department of immunology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Rivers State University of Science and TechnologyPort-HarcourtRiver State Nigeria Department of Histopathology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria Department of Human Biochemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Anambra State UniversityUli Anambra State Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Microbiology UnitNnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching HospitalNnewiAnambra State Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi CampusAnambra State Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of microbial antigenic components of circulating immune complexes amongst grades of cD4 T lymphocyte counts in HiV sero positive and seronegative ***:Polyethelene glycol(PEG-600) and buffering methods of precipitation and dissociation of immune complexes was used to generate immune solution from sera of 100 HiV sero-positive and 100 HiV sero-negative *** were categorized into 3 grades based on cD4 count:> 500 cell/mm,200-499 cell/mm3 and cell/*** immune solutions were assayed using membrane based immunoassay and antibody titration, along side its unprocessed serum for detection of various microbial antigens and or antibodies. cD4 T cell counts were estimated using Patec cyflow SL-3 ***:Antigenic component of immune complexes of various infectious agents was detected in 99 and 70 HiV seropositive and HiV sero-negative participants,*** group A,there were 10 HiV positive participants,including 4(40.0%) had circulating immune complexes(cics) due to Salmonella species only:1(10.0%) due to Salmonella-Plasmodium falciparum(***),SalmonellaP. falciparum-HcV and *** antigens,*** group B,45(45.4%) HiV seropositive participants with cics had cD4 T lymphocyte count between 200-499 cells/mm^*** of these,20(44.4%) had cics due to Salmonella species only:9(20%) due to Salmonella-P. *** group c,there were 44(44.4%) HiV sero-positive participants,including 3(6.8%) due to Salmonella species only:24(54.4%) due to ***:2(4.5%) due to P. falciparum ***:in HiV sero-positive participants,presence of heterogeneity of Salmonella *** antigens was highly incriminated in cD4 count depletion but not homogeneity of malaria parasites *** parasites antigens only were incriminated in cD4^+ count depletion amongst HiV sero-negative *** taking any decision on the management

关键词： HiV/AiDS immune complexes Microbial antigens HiV positive participant cD4^+ lymphocyte count

Production of nanocrystalline silver particles by hydrogen reduction of silver nitrate aerosol droplets

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of china 2013年第3期23卷 841-848页

作者： Burak EBiN Elif YAZic i Sebahattin GüRMEN Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Ist anbul Technical University34469IstanbulTurkey

Nanocrystalline silver particles were produced by hydrogen reduction of silver nitrate aerosol droplets formed by high frequency ultrasonic *** dependences of the particle size,morphology and crystallite size on the precursor concentration and the reaction temperature were *** spray pyrolysis process was combined with hydrogen reduction to research the effects on the silver particle *** silver particles including slight oxide structure were prepared at temperature as low as 200 ℃ from silver nitrate under hydrogen atmosphere.X-ray diffraction（XRD） studies showed that pure silver particles were obtained above 200 ℃ reaction *** crystallite sizes of the samples ranged from 29 to 47 *** results indicate that the crystallite sizes hardly ever depended on the reaction *** slightly enlarged by increasing precursor *** observations showed that particles were obtained in spherical morphology with particle sizes between 210 and 525 *** temperature and precursor concentration strongly influenced the particle size.

关键词： silver particles nanocrystalline materials aerosol process hydrogen reduction

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A Late cretaceous ensimatic arc developed during closure of the northern branch of Neo-Tethys(central-northern Turkey)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1015-1028页

作者： Metin Beyazpirin? Ali Ekber ak?ay Ali Yilmaz Meftun Kerem S?nmez Geological Research Department General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) Department of Environmental Engineering Engineering Faculty Cumhuriyet University

Studies on differentiation of ensimatic arc units from melange units in the Northern Anatolian Ophiolitic Belt(NAOB) are very rare. The study area represents the southern edge of the central part of the *** aim of the study is to distinguish the main units of NAOB and to define the geotectonic setting of the Darmik Ensimatic Arc Association(DEAA). To study the ensimatic arc units as an independent tectonic unit is important and facilitates understanding of the geological evolution of the NAOB. During field studies, the contact relationships within the Darmik Ensimatic Arc Association(DEAA) units and also with other tectonic units were reviewed. Then, paleontological, geochronological, petrological and also geochemical properties of the DEAA have been defined. in the present study, ensimatic arc units have been distinguished from ophiolitic association for the first time, in the region. As a result of the study, the DEAA is divided into two levels and lower level named as the Kartal unit and upper level named as the izibüyük unit. in the Kartal unit, basaltic and andesitic lavas with their equivalent pyroclastic rock units are dominant. Radiolarite and mudstones interbedded within the Kartal unit of DEAA have Turonian and Santonian age. in addition, the age of basalt samples of DEAA are 98.7 ± 2.4 Ma, defined using the^(40)Ar/39 Ar method. The izibüyük unit of DEAA comprises conglomerate, sandstone, claystone, mudstone,clayey limestone, micritic limestone with volcanic interbeds and also calciturbidites. Santonian-Maastrichtian ages were obtained from this unit of the DEAA. in conclusion, the age of DEAA is widely accepted as Late cretaceous. After the evaluation of the analysis, the volcanics of the DEAA originated from calcalkaline-basalts, which reflect ensimatic arc magmatism.

关键词： North Anatolian Ophiolitic Belt Double subduction zones Darmik ensimatic arc Turkey

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Mild Steel corrosion Mitigation in Sulphuric Acid via Benign isolated Phytochemicals from <i>Viscum album</i>

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Journal of Materials Science and chemical Engineering 2018年第4期6卷 132-146页

作者： N. E. Nya A. i. ikeuba P. c. okafor B. U. Ugi V. M. Bassey A. i. Obike corrosion and Electrochemistry Research Group Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of chemistry Abia State University Uturu Nigeria

We present the evaluation of four Eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for the corrosion mitigation of mild steel in acid media. The corrosion inhibition of mild steel by ethanol extracts from Viscum album (EEVA) and some of its isolated phytochemical components;phytates extract (PEVA), saponins extract (SEVA), and flavonoids extracts (FEVA) have been studied using gravi-metric and gasometric techniques. The results of the study reveal that these ecofriendly and benign extracts function as good inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in sulphuric acid. inhibition efficiency of the extracts increases with inhibitor concentration and temperature rise. The trend of inhibition efficiency in lower inhibitor concentration is EEVA > PEVA > SEVA > FEVA and at higher concentration, the order was SEVA > PEVA > EEVA > FEVA. The presence of the plant extracts decreases the corrosion activation energy in the solution which indicates chemical adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of the components of the extracts is consistent with Temkin isotherm. The interaction between the isolated extracts is synergistic at lower inhibitor concentration and antagonistic at higher concentrations. The Kads values for PEVA and SEVA are higher than those of EEVA and FEVA. This implies that PEVA and SEVA are more efficiently adsorbed on the mild steel surface.

关键词： Acid corrosion Mild Steel Viscum album corrosion inhibition Phytochemicals

Biodegradable zinc-iron alloys: complex study of corrosion behavior,mechanical properties and hemocompatibility

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials international 2021年第2期31卷 279-287页

作者： Z.Orságová Králová R.Gorejová R.Orin?aková M.Petra?ková A.Orin?ak M.Kupková M.Hrubov?a?ková T.Sop?ák M.Baláz? i.Maska?ová A.Kovalc?íková K.Kova? Department of Physical chemistry Faculty of Science Pavol Jozef ?afa?rik University in Ko?ice institute of Materials Research Slovak Academy of Sciences institute of Geotechnics Slovak Academy of Sciences University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko?ice Department of Animal Nutrition Dietetics and Animal Breeding

Zn-Fe alloys have been extensively investigated in this study with a view to their application as biodegradable bone implants. Biogenic element zinc is a very appropriate metal because of the ideal degradation rate compared to those of Mg and Fe. Studied alloys were made by compressing metallic powders in a content ratio of 100% Zn,Zn-1% Fe, Zn-2% Fe, Zn-5% Fe and Zn-10% Fe and sintering at 350°c for 1 h. Prepared samples were examined by optical microscopy, SEM and XRD. corrosion behavior, mechanical testing and hemocompatibility were observed subsequently. The electrochemical performance of such materials was studied in the simulated body fluids. The enhanced corrosion rate was observed for all samples after iron addition due to the micro-galvanic effect between the pure Zn and Zn;Fe intermetallic phase. The corrosion rate of the Zn-5% Fe alloyed sample was more than 20-times higher（2.89 mmpy） compared to the pure Zn. However, alloying with more than 5 wt %of iron diminished the mechanical performance of the material. Therefore, the performed mechanical and hemocompatibility tests showed acceptable biocompatibility of zinc and Zn-1% Fe and Zn-2% Fe samples.

关键词： Biodegradable materials Zinc iron Alloy corrosion behavior Hemocompatibility

Assessment of the Willingness to Buy and the Use of insecticide Treated Nets (iTN) among caregivers of Under-Five children Attending immunization clinics in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Plateau State, Nigeria

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Advances in infectious Diseases 2020年第2期10卷 90-110页

作者： Lucy idoko Kingsley c. okafor Gift M. Amlabu chidindu N. idika Blessing E. Oguche Department of community Medicine & PHc Bingham University Karu Nigeria

introduction: Malaria control becomes effective if countries adopt the World Health Organization & Global Malaria Programme (WHO/GMP) recommendation with includes diagnosis of malaria cases and treatment with effective medicines, distribution of insecticide-treated nets (iTNs) and indoor residual spraying (iRS). Ownership and utilization of mosquito nets for malaria prevention is still sub-optimal with only 62% ownership of at least one mosquito net and only 37% of children using the nets. This seeks to investigate the willingness to buy and the use iTN use among caregivers of under five children attending immunization clinic in Bingham University Teaching Hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study design carried out among 242 caregivers of all ages and sex of under-five children attending immunization clinic at Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH) in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. A Simple Random Sampling technique was used to select respondents. Findings: Two hundred and sixteen 216 (89.3%) of the children use iTNs, majority of the children 190 (78.5%) slept under iTN the night before the interview, 226 (93.4%) owned iTNs, 156 (64.5%) got the iTNs for free while 60 (24.8%) paid for it and majority 172 (71.1%) of the children use iTN every night. Tertiary education, having much younger children (less than 3 years) and perception as a means of malaria prevention were associated with higher use of iTNs. Majority 220 (90.9%) the caregivers were willing to buy iTN and also recommend iTN to others. caregivers who were traders and civil servants were willing to buy iTN than farmers, tertiary education, having children 1 - 3 months old, and owning 3 or more iTNs was associated with willingness to buy iTNs. conclusion: About 90% of the children of caregivers use iTNs and over three quarters slept under iTN the night before the interview and majority use i

关键词： insecticide Treated Nets Willingness to Buy Malaria

Household Waste Management;Voices of Residents of Anaocha Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第12期6卷 1394-1401页

作者： E. c. Azuike S. A. Nwabueze P. E. Onyemachi B. N. Egenti K. c. okafor R. c. Aniemena i. N. Udedibia J. O. Nwodo Department of community Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Foundation for Health and Development in Nigeria Department of community Medicine Abia State University Aba Nigeria Department of community Medicine University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria Department of Public Health Federal Medical Centre Keffi Nigeria Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Background: Waste management is the generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of social waste. The various methods of waste disposal include: recycling, composting, barging, burying, landfills method, incineration, and the use of mechanical destructors. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of house hold waste management among the respondents and the factors affecting their choice of method. Methodology: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. There were 270 respondents. The study was carried out among households in Anaocha LGA of Anambra state. The study made use of a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Result: Majority had good knowledge of waste management and portrayed good attitude towards waste management practices. The commonest method of waste disposal practiced by the community was burning and majority practiced the various methods because the methods were convenient for them. conclusion: The study showed that people, despite having good knowledge and attitude towards waste management still practiced wrong methods.

关键词： Household Waste Management