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Appraisal of Biofertilizers in Rice: To Supplement Inorganic Chemical Fertilizer

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Rice science 2018年第6期25卷 357-366页

作者： Haider Iqbal khan C 36 Gateway Building The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of inoculating rice seedlings with biofertilizers(Azospirillum and Trichoderma) in order to reduce the use of chemical inorganic nitrogen(N)fertilizer on rice variety BU Dhan 1. The plant performances were better when 25% less inorganic N was applied with Trichoderma and combined application of Trichoderma and Azospirillum. Plants contained the highest chlorophyll concentrations when they were treated with 75% N + Trichoderma. Considering the yield attributes, 75% N + Trichoderma and 75% N + Trichoderma + Azospirillum performed similar to the control. The grain yield of rice was similar to the recommended dose even with 25% less N application. Application of Trichoderma resulted higher yield, followed by combined application with Azospirillum. Results revealed the greater scope of applying biofertilizer(Trichoderma) to supplement chemical N fertilizer with optimum yield of rice.

关键词： Azospirillum biofertilizer inorganic chemical fertilizer rice Trichoderma nitrogen

Blockchain-based DDoS attack mitigation protocol for device-to-device interaction in smart home

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第2期9卷 383-392页

作者： Bello Musa Yakubu Majid Iqbal khan Abid khan Farhana Jabeen Gwanggil Jeon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330Thailand Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad(CUI)Islamabad45550Pakistan College of Science and Engineering University of DerbyDerbyDE221GBUnited Kingdom Department of Embedded Systems Engineering Incheon National UniversityIncheon22012South Korea

Smart home devices are vulnerable to a variety of *** matter gets more complicated when a number of devices collaborate to launch a colluding attack(e.g.,Distributed-Denial-of-Service(DDoS))in a network(e.g.,Smart home).To handle these attacks,most studies have hitherto proposed authentication protocols that cannot necessarily be implemented in devices,especially during Device-to-Device(D2D)*** into the potential of Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts,this work proposes a lightweight authentication mechanism that enables safe D2D interactions in a smart *** Ethereum blockchain enables the implementation of a decentralized prototype as well as a peer-to-peer distributed ledger *** work also uses a single server queuing system model and the authentication mechanism to curtail DDoS attacks by controlling the number of service requests in the *** simulation was conducted twenty times,each with varying number of devices chosen at random(ranging from 1 to 30).Each requester device sends an arbitrary request with a unique resource requirement at a *** is done to measure the system's consistency across a variety of device *** experimental results show that the proposed protocol not only prevents colluding attacks,but also outperforms the benchmark protocols in terms of computational cost,message processing,and response times.

关键词： DDoS attack Device-to-device Smart homes Blockchain Authentication Ethereum smartcontract

Race Classification Using Deep Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3483-3498页

作者： Khalil khan Rehan Ullah khan Jehad Ali Irfan Uddin Sahib khan Byeong-hee Roh Department of Information Technology and Computer Science Pak-Austria Institute of Applied Science and TechnologyHaripurPakistan Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwonKorea Department of Computer Science Superior CollegeLahorePakistan Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Politecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly

Race classification is a long-standing challenge in the field of face image *** investigation of salient facial features is an important task to avoid processing all face *** segmentation strongly benefits several face analysis tasks,including ethnicity and race *** propose a race-classification algorithm using a prior face segmentation framework.A deep convolutional neural network(DCNN)was used to construct a face segmentation *** training the DCNN,we label face images according to seven different classes,that is,nose,skin,hair,eyes,brows,back,and *** DCNN model developed in the first phase was used to create segmentation *** probabilistic classification method is used,and probability maps(PMs)are created for each semantic *** investigated five salient facial features from among seven that help in race *** are extracted from the PMs of five classes,and a new model is trained based on the *** assessed the performance of the proposed race classification method on four standard face datasets,reporting superior results compared with previous studies.

关键词： Deep learning facial feature face analysis learning race race classification

Oblique propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic cnoidal waves in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasmas with nonextensive electrons

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第3期23卷 76-81页

作者： Muhammad KHALID Ghufran ULLAH Mohsin khan Sheraz AHMAD Sardar NABI Daud khan Depatment of Physics Govermment Post Gaduate College MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Physics Islamia College Peshawar(Public Sector University)Peshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Physics Government Post Graduate College NowsheraNowshera 24100Pakistan

Theoretical investigation of nonlinear electrostatic ion-acoustic cnoidal waves(IACWs) is presented in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasma with nonextensive electrons and Maxwellian positrons. Using reductive perturbation technique, Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived and its cnoidal wave solution is analyzed. For given plasma parameters, our model supports only positive potential(compressive) IACW structures. The effect of relevant plasma parameters(viz., nonextensive parameter q, positron concentration p, temperature ratio σ,obliqueness l3) on the characteristics of IACWs is discussed in detail.

关键词： ion-acoustic cnoidal waves KdV equation q-distribution

Quantum Model of Bertrand Duopoly

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第8期27卷 11-14页

作者： Salman khan M. Ramzan M. K. khan Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University lslamabad 45320 Pakistan

We present a quantum model of Bertrand duopoly and study the entanglement behavior on the profit functions of the firms. Using the concept of optimal response of each firm to the price of the opponent, we find only one Nash equilibirum point for the maximally entangled initial state. The presence of quantum entanglement in the initial state gives payoffs higher to the firms than the classical payoffs at the Nash equilibrium. As a result, the dilemma-like situation in the classical game is resolved.

关键词： Firmness Enterprises Quantum Model

Cyber Secure Framework for Smart Containers Based on Novel Hybrid DTLS Protocol

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第12期43卷 1297-1313页

作者： Waseem Ullah khan Safdar Nawaz khan Marwat Salman Ahmed Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan

The Internet of Things (IoTs) is apace growing, billions of IoT devicesare connected to the Internet which communicate and exchange data among eachother. Applications of IoT can be found in many fields of engineering and sciencessuch as healthcare, traffic, agriculture, oil and gas industries, and logistics. Inlogistics, the products which are to be transported may be sensitive and perishable, and require controlled environment. Most of the commercially availablelogistic containers are not integrated with IoT devices to provide controlled environment parameters inside the container and to transmit data to a remote *** necessitates the need for designing and fabricating IoT based smart containers. Due to constrained nature of IoT devices, these are prone to different cybersecurity attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS), Man in Middle (MITM) andReplay. Therefore, designing efficient cyber security framework are required forsmart container. The Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Protocol hasemerged as the de facto standard for securing communication in IoT ***, it is unable to minimize cyber security attacks such as Denial of Serviceand Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) during the handshake process. Themain contribution of this paper is to design a cyber secure framework by implementing novel hybrid DTLS protocol in smart container which can efficientlyminimize the effects of cyber attacks during handshake process. The performanceof our proposed framework is evaluated in terms of energy efficiency, handshaketime, throughput and packet delivery ratio. Moreover, the proposed framework istested in IoT based smart containers. The proposed framework decreases handshake time more than 9% and saves 11% of energy efficiency for transmissionin compare of the standard DTLS, while increases packet delivery ratio andthroughput by 83% and 87% respectively.

关键词： Logistic container logistics security cyber security perishable products monitoring

Technical efficiency of hybrid maize growers: A stochastic frontier model approach

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2408-2421页

作者： Imad Ali HUO Xue-xi Imran khan Hashmat Ali khan Baz Sufyan Ullah khan College of Economics and Management Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China School of Economics Dongbei University of Finance and EconomicsDalian 116025P.R.China School of Economics and Management China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074P.R. China

This study investigated the effect of credit constraints and credit unconstraints on the technical efficiency of hybrid maize growers in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province(KPK) of Pakistan. The primary data were collected by a direct elicitation method from 510 maize growers of KPK Province. Stochastic frontier model techniques were used for technical efficiency analyses. The results revealed that the mean technical efficiency difference between the two groups was 10.2%. The results of technical inefficiency effect modeling demonstrated that education of the household head, family size, number of married family members, off-farm income, farming experience, tractor drill, water irrigation through a lined course, certified seed, extension services, household saving variables, and a credit size variable had positive effects on technical efficiency for both credit constrained farmers(CCFs) and credit unconstrained farmers(UCCFs). In addition, age of household head and fragmented land values had negative effects on technical efficiency for both groups. However, the interest rate had positive and negative impacts on the technical efficiency of CCFs and UCCFs, respectively. Our results have significant implications for policies related to land use, interest rate, and banking sector expansion in the rural areas of Pakistan.

关键词： stochastic frontier analysis maize growers technical efficiency credit rationing and credit markets in Pakistan

Effectiveness of radiative heat flux in MHD flow of Jeffrey-nanofluid subject to Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第2期31卷 421-427页

作者： Muhammad Ijaz khan Tasawar Hayat Muhammad Waqas Ahmed Alsaedi Muhammad Imran khan Department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics(NAAM)Research Group Department of MathematicsFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Heriot Watt University Edinburgh CampusEdinburghUK

Our interest here in this investigation is to explore the thermophoresis and Brownian motion characteristics in flow induced by stretched *** conducted Jeffrey material formulates the flow *** forms of stretching and free stream velocities are *** radiation and convective heating processes describe the phenomenon of heat *** controls of nanoparticles are considered on the *** compatible transformations produce the strong nonlinear differential *** problems are computed analytically utilizing *** nee domain is detennined and major results are concluded for different parameters *** transfer rate and drag force are also explained for various physical *** analysis reveals that heat transfer rate augments via larger radiation parameter and Biot *** larger Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters have opposite characteristics on concentration field.

关键词： Jeffrey nanomaterial non-linear radiative heat flux convective boundary conditions.Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions

Electron acoustic solitary waves in unmagnetized nonthermal plasmas

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第5期73卷 80-84页

作者： Muhammad Khalid Aqil khan Mohsin khan Daud khan Sheraz Ahmad Ata-ur-Rahman Department of Physics Government Post Graduate College MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Theoretical Plasma Physics Group Department of PhysicsIslamia College Peshawar(Public Sector University)Peshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Physics Government Post Graduate College NowsheraNowshera 24100Pakistan

Electron acoustic(EA)solitary waves(SWs)are studied in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of hot electrons(following Cairns-Tsalli distribution),inertial cold electrons,and stationary *** employing a reductive perturbation technique(RPT),the nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries(KdV)equation is derived and its SW solution is ***,the effects of plasma parameters such as the nonextensivity parameter(q),the nonthermality of electrons(α),and the cold-to-hot electron density ratio(β)are investigated.

关键词： Electron acoustic solitons KdV equation Cairns-Tsalli distribution