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Comparison of ERA5 turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface with measurements from a wave-following platform

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第3期 34-38页

作者： Sa?d Benjeddou denis Bourras Christopher Luneau Aix Marseille Université National Center for Scientific ResearchMediterranean Institute of Oceanography Observatory of the Sciences of the Universe Pythéas Institute National Center for Scientific Research

Turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface were estimated with data collected in 2011-2020 with a low-profile platform named OCARINA during eight experiments in five regions:2011,2015,and 2016 in the Iroise Sea;2012 in the tropical Atlantic;2014 in the Chilie-Peru upwelling;2017 and 2018 in the Mediterranean Sea,and 2018 and 2020 in *** observations were carried out with moderate winds(2-10 m s-1) and average wave heights of 1.5 *** this study,the authors used the fluxes calculated by the bulk method using OCARINA-sampled data as the *** data can validate the fluxes estimated from ERAS reanalysis *** OCARINA and ERA5 data were taken *** do this,the authors established an algorithm to extract the OCARINA data as closely as possible to the reanalysis data in time and *** measurements of the OCARINA platform can conclude on the relevance of the widely used reanalysis data.

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Ammonia and greenhouse gas distribution in a dairy barn during warm periods

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第3期11卷 428-441页

作者： Provvidenza Rita d'URSO Claudia ARCIdIACONO Giovanni CASCONE department of Agriculture Food and Environment University of Catania

This research aimed to quantify concentrations of ammonia（NH3）, carbon dioxide（CO2） and methane（CH4）, estimate emissions, and analyze the factors influencing them during warm periods in an open dairy barn equipped with two cooling systems in a Mediterranean climate zone. Gas distribution within the barn was observed to vary both vertically and horizontally, with the highest gas concentrations observed in the central area of the barn. NH3, CH4and CO2ranged in 1.7–7.4, 7–18, 560–724 μg·g–1, respectively. Natural ventilation through openings and the operation of cooling systems induced changes in indoor microclimate conditions, influencing cow behavior and,consequently, gas production. Gas concentrations were the highest at air velocities below 0.5 m·s–1. The highest concentration of NH3was observed when the temperature-humidity index（THI） was > 72 and ≤ 78; and CO2and CH4concentrations were the highest with THI ≥ 72 and decreased with THI ≤72. NH3concentrations when barn management included three daily milkings were higher than those measured when barn management was based on two daily milkings, and lower for CH4and CO2. NH3and CH4emissions were the highest during barn cleaning, while the lowest NH3emissions occurred during activity of the cows（i.e., feeding, walking）.

关键词： Ammonia greenhouse gas environmental monitoring cows’ behavior barn management housing system climatic parameters

Stress tensors and quantification of fracture patterns to analyze connectivity and potential fluid flow in a mesa landform of the Northern Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 271-291页

作者： GARCÍA-ARIAS Sergio VELANdIA Francisco ALVAREZ Angélica SANABRIA-GÓMEZ Joséd TARAZONA Yessenia VARGAS María Camila Escuela de Geología Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia Escuela de Física Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia

This work applies stress tensors inversions and quantification of fracture patterns along the Mesa de Los Santos, in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, to better understand the potential fluid flow. It thus contributes to the conceptual hydrogeological model. The area was subdivided into three blocks, separated by the NW Potreros and the Los Santos faults, having minor inner faults of different orientations. This separation facilitates the analysis of the fractures measured in the field, which in general show high dip angles and a conjugate geometry in the northern block, tension fractures(Mode I) in the central block, and a random distribution in the southwestern block. WinTensor treatment of slickensides yielded a maximum horizontal stress(SHmax) of 111o, which coincides with the WNW-ESE tensor observed from the conjugate and tension joints. We then used Frac Pa Q to generate interpolation maps of fracture intensity and density. The maps show the highest values in the central block and the lowest in the northern block,where the precipitation is higher, causing intensive rock weathering and homogenization of the fracture planes. Although the highest values of connectivity by line are found to the south of the mesa, we suggest the possibility of greater flow from the recharge zone(NE) along bedding planes and open NW-SE fractures.

关键词： Mesa de Los Santos Colombia Win-Tensor FracPaQ Strike-slip faults Fractured aquifers

Community-Level Practice Checklists for Health Protection during Cold Spells in China

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China CdC weekly 2024年第5期6卷 83-87页

作者： Jing Shang Mengzhen Zhao Zhao Liu Xiya Zhang Shiguang Miao Ishaq d.Sulaymon Wenjia Cai Institute of Urban Meteorology CMABeijingChina School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina School of Airport Economics and Management Beijing Institute of Economics and ManagementBeijingChina department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Sand and dust Storm Warning Regional Center National Center for MeteorologyJeddahSaudi Arabia Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing CityJiangsu ProvinceChina

Communities play a crucial role in protecting the health of vulnerable populations such as the elderly,low-income groups,and high-risk individuals during cold ***,current strategies for responding to cold spells primarily consist of programmatic policies that lack practicality,specificity,and detailed implementation guidelines for community ***,this study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by communities in responding to cold spells,review international experiences,and develop a set of practical checklists for community-level health *** checklists will assist community workers and volunteers in effectively preparing for,responding to,and recovering from cold spells.

关键词： preparing income primarily

detailed seismic zoning of the East Kazakhstan region in the Republic of Kazakhstan

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第2期15卷 156-165页

作者： Natalya V.Silacheva N.P.Stepanenko O.K.Kurilova A.d.Kudabayeva A.T.danabayeva Institute of Seismology Ministry of Emergency SituationsAlmaty 050060Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the *** regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail,developed by our Institute of Seismology using a new methodological approach for *** article is about creating the first normative map of the detailed Seismic Zoning on a probabilistic foundation for the Republic of Kazakhstan’s East Kazakhstan *** carried out the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard using a methodology consistent with the main provisions of Eurocode 8and updated compared with that used in developing maps of Kazakhstan’s General Seismic Zoning and seismic microzoning of *** most thorough and current data accessible for the area under consideration were combined with contemporary analytical *** have been done to not only the databases being used but also the way seismic sources were shown,including active faults *** a scale of 1:1000000,precise seismic zoning maps of the East Kazakhstan region were created for two probabilities of exceedance:10%and 2%in 50 years in terms of peak ground accelerations and macroseismic *** obtained seismic hazard distribution is generally consistent with the General Seismic Zoning of Kazakhstan’s previous ***,because active faults were included and a thoroughly revised catalog was used,there are more pronounced zones of increased danger along the fault in the western part of the *** the west of the territory,acceleration values also increased due to a more accurate consideration of seismotectonic *** maps are the basis for developing new state building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

关键词： Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment detailed seismic zoning Peak ground acceleration Microseismical intensity

Single atom Cu-N-C catalysts for the electro-reduction of CO_(2) to CO assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： S.Pérez-Rodríguez M.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Giménez-Rubio d.Ríos-Ruiz P.Arévalo-Cid M.V.Martínez-Huerta A.Zitolo M.J.Lázaro d.Sebastián Instituto de Carboquímica(CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica(CSIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chemicals is considered as a promising pathway to store intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully developed varying the copper amount and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-N-C materials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRdE), technique still rarely explored for CO_(2)RR. For comparison, products are also characterized by online gas chromatography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be active and highly CO selective at low overpotentials(from -0.6 to -0.8 V ***) in 0.1 M KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from the competitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optimum copper acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) moieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results demonstrate that RRdE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from CO_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-N-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode Carbon dioxide reduction reaction Carbon monoxide

Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer:Techniques,applications,and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第12期30卷 1680-1705页

作者： Cristina díaz del Arco M Jesús Fernández Aceñero Luis Ortega Medina department of Surgical Pathology Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San CarlosHospital Clínico San CarlosMadrid 28040Spain department of Legal Medicine Psychiatry and PathologyUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain

After the study of circulating tumor cells in blood through liquid biopsy(LB),this technique has evolved to encompass the analysis of multiple materials originating from the tumor,such as nucleic acids,extracellular vesicles,tumor-educated platelets,and other ***,research has extended to include the examination of samples other than blood or plasma,such as saliva,gastric juice,urine,or *** techniques are diverse,intricate,and *** must be highly sensitive,and pre-analytical,patient,and tumor-related factors significantly influence the detection threshold,diagnostic method selection,and potential ***,the implementation of LB in clinical practice still faces several *** potential applications of LB range from early cancer detection to guiding targeted therapy or immunotherapy in both early and advanced cancer cases,monitoring treatment response,early identification of relapses,or assessing patient *** the other hand,gastric cancer(GC)is a disease often diagnosed at advanced *** recent advances in molecular understanding,the currently available treatment options have not substantially improved the prognosis for many of these *** application of LB in GC could be highly valuable as a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and for enhancing the management and outcomes of these *** this comprehensive review,from a pathologist’s perspective,we provide an overview of the main options available in LB,delve into the fundamental principles of the most studied techniques,explore the potential utility of LB application in the context of GC,and address the obstacles that need to be overcome in the future to make this innovative technique a game-changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment within clinical practice.

关键词： Liquid biopsy Gastric cancer Circulating tumor cells Cell-free dNA Circulating tumor dNA Molecular

Corneal collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus from the dresden protocol to customized solutions:theoretical basis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 951-962页

作者： Ciro Caruso Luca d’Andrea Mario Troisi Michele Rinaldi Raffaele Piscopo Salvatore Troisi Ciro Costagliola Corneal Transplant Center Pellegrini HospitalVia Portamedina alla Pignasecca 41Napoli 80127Italy Eye Clinic Department of NeurosciencesReproductive and Odontostomatological SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaples 80131Italy Public Health department University of Naples Federico IINaples 80131Italy Salerno Hospital University Ophthalmologic UnitBaronissiCampania 84131Italy

Keratoconus is an ectatic condition characterized by gradual corneal thinning,corneal protrusion,progressive irregular astigmatism,corneal fibrosis,and visual *** therapeutic options regarding improvement of visual function include glasses or soft contact lenses correction for initial stages,gas-permeable rigid contact lenses,scleral lenses,implantation of intrastromal corneal ring or corneal transplants for most advanced *** keratoconus cases showing disease progression corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)has been proven to be an effective,minimally invasive and safe *** consists of a photochemical reaction of corneal collagen by riboflavin stimulation with ultraviolet A radiation,resulting in stromal crosslinks *** aim of this review is to carry out an examination of CXL methods based on theoretical basis and mathematical models,from the original dresden protocol to the most recent developments in the technique,reporting the changes proposed in the last 15y and examining the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment ***,the limits of non-standardized methods and the perspectives offered by a customization of the treatment are highlighted.

关键词： corneal collagen cross linking keratoconus custom fast protocol dresden protocol lambert-beer law Bunsen-roscoe law

Chemical surface tuning of zinc metal anode toward stable,dendrite-less aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第11期86卷 1-8,I0001页

作者： Pranav kulkarni Sun-Sik Kim Hyun Young Jung department of Energy Engineering Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju-siGyeongnam 52725South Korea department of Energy System Engineering Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju-siGyeongnam 52725South Korea

The commercialization of Zn batteries is confronted with urgent challenges in the metal anode,such as dendrite formation,capacity loss,and cracking or ***,surface interfacial engineering of the Zn anode is introduced for achieving safety and dendritic-free cycling for high-performance aqueous Zn batteries through a simple but highly effective chemical etching-substitution *** chemical modification induces a rough peak-valley surface with a thin fluorine-rich interfacial layer on the Zn anode surface,which regulates the growth orientation via guiding uniform Zn plating/stripping,significantly enhances accessibility to aqueous electrolytes and improves wettability by reducing surface *** a result,such a synergetic surface effect enables uniform Zn plating/stripping with low polarization of 29 m V at a current density of 0.5 m A cm^(-2) with stable cyclic performance up to 1000 ***,a full cell composed of a fluorine-substituted Zn anode coupled with aβ-MnO_(2)or Ba-V_(6)O_(13)cathode demonstrates improved capacity retention to 1000 cycles compared to the pristine-Zn *** proposed valley deposition model provides the practical direction of surface-modified interfacial chemistries for improving the electrochemical properties of multivalent metal anodes via surface tuning.

关键词： dendrite free Peak-Valley surface Zinc-ion batteries Surface modification Fluorinated interface