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Spatial and temporal analysis of urban heat island effect over Tiruchirappalli city using geospatial techniques

Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第3期14卷 275-291页

作者： ajay Badugu K.S.Arunab Aneesh Mathew P.Sarwesh Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalli620015Tamil NaduIndia School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014Tamil NaduIndia

Alterations made to the natural ground surface and the anthropogenic activity elevate the surface and air temperature in the urban areas compared with the surrounding rural areas,known as urban heat island *** remote sensors measure the radiation emitted by ground objects,which can be used to estimate the land surface temperature and are beneficial for studying urban heat island *** present study investigates the spatial and temporal variations in the effects of urban heat island over Tiruchirappalli city in India during the summer and winter *** study also identifies hot spots and cold spots within the study *** this study,a significant land surface temperature difference was observed between the urban and rural areas,predominantly at night,indicating the presence of urban heat island at *** diurnal land surface temperature fluctuations are also detected seasonally,with a relatively higher temperature intensity during the *** trend line analysis shows that the mean land surface temperature of the study area is increasing at a rate of 0.166 K/decade with p less than *** using the spatial autocorrelation method with the urban heat island index as the key parameter,hot spots with a 99 percent confidence level and a 95 percent confidence level were found within the urban area.A hot spot with 95 and 90 percent confidence level was identified outside the urban *** spike in temperature for a particular region in the rural area is due to industry and the associated built-up *** study also identified cold spots with a 90 percent confidence level within the rural ***,cold spots with a 95 and 99 percent confidence level were not identified within the study area.

关键词： Urbanization Land surface temperature Urban heat island effect Hot spots Remote sensing

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Dielectric Relaxation in Complex Perovskite Oxide Sr(Gd0.5Nb0.5)O3

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2012年第6期3卷 369-376页

作者： Pritam Kumar ajay Kumar Sharma Bhrigunandan Prasad Singh Tripurari Prasad sinha Narendra Kumar Singh Department of Physics Bose Institute Kolkata India University Department of Physics T. M. Bhagalpur University Bhagalpur India University Department of Physics V. K. S. University Ara India

The complex perovskite oxide a strontium gadolinium niobate (SGN) synthesized by solid-state reaction technique has single phase with tetragonal structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the structural and microstructural properties of the ceramics, respectively. The XRD patterns of SGN at room temperature show a tetragonal structure. Studies of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of compound as a function of frequency (50 Hz to 1 MHz) at room temperature, and as a function of temperature (60°C to 420°C) indicate polydispersive nature of the material. The logarithmic angular frequency dependence of the loss peak is found to obey the Arrhenius law with activation energy ~0.18 eV. The small value of activation energy of the compound (~0.18 eV) can be explained by mixed ionic-polaronic conductivity mechanism. The grain size of the pellet sample was found to be 1.92 μm. The frequency-dependant electrical data are analyzed in the framework of conductivity and electric modulus formalisms. The complex plane impedance plot shows the grain boundary contribution for higher value of dielectric constant in the law frequency region.

关键词： Dielectrics Perovskite Oxides X-Ray Diffraction Scanning Electron Micrograph

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Effective Opinion Spam Detection: A Study on Review Metadata Versus Content

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2020年第2期5卷 76-110页

作者： ajay Rastogi Monica Mehrotra Syed Shafat Ali Department of Computer Science Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiIndia

Purpose:This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of two major types of features—metadata-based(behavioral)and content-based(textual)—in opinion spam ***/methodology/approach:Based on spam-detection perspectives,our approach works in three settings:review-centric(spam detection),reviewer-centric(spammer detection)and product-centric(spam-targeted product detection).Besides this,to negate any kind of classifier-bias,we employ four classifiers to get a better and unbiased reflection of the obtained *** addition,we have proposed a new set of features which are compared against some well-known related *** experiments performed on two real-world datasets show the effectiveness of different features in opinion spam ***:Our findings indicate that behavioral features are more efficient as well as effective than the textual to detect opinion spam across all three *** addition,models trained on hybrid features produce results quite similar to those trained on behavioral features than on the textual,further establishing the superiority of behavioral features as dominating indicators of opinion *** features used in this work provide improvement over existing features utilized in other related ***,the computation time analysis for feature extraction phase shows the better cost efficiency of behavioral features over the *** limitations:The analyses conducted in this paper are solely limited to two wellknown datasets,viz.,Yelp Zip and Yelp NYC of *** implications:The results obtained in this paper can be used to improve the detection of opinion spam,wherein the researchers may work on improving and developing feature engineering and selection techniques focused more on metadata ***/value:To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first of its kind which considers three perspectives(review,reviewer and product-centric)and four classifiers to analyze the effecti

关键词： Opinion spam Behavioral features Textual features Review spammers Spam-targeted products

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Physicochemical properties and morphology of biochars as affected by feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperatures

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Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 325-336页

作者： Joao Arthur Antonangelo Hailin Zhang Xiao Sun ajay Kumar Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University371 Agricultural HallStillwaterOK 74078-6028USA Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State University111 Agricultural HallStillwaterOK 74078USA

Feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperatures affect the physicochemical and morphological properties of *** evaluated biochars derived from switchgrass(SGB)and poultry litter(PLB)pyrolyzed at 350℃(SGB350,PLB350)and 700℃(SGB700,PLB700)to identify their potential ability in improving soil *** for SGB350,the pH of biochars was high(>10.0)and can be used as an amendment in acid ***700 had higher mineral content and nutrient availability due to its higher ash content(tenfold higher)and electrical *** functional groups responsible for metal retention were evidenced in all *** exchange capacity(CEC),specific surface area(SSA),and microporosity more than doubled by increasing pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 700℃.The pH-buffering capacity measured through acid titration curve was better than that calculated with acid/alkali *** pyrolyzed at 700℃ have much higher pH,CEC,SSA,and stronger buffering capacity,and thus are more promising to improve soil health and reduce contaminant bioavailability.

关键词： Biochars Switchgrass Poultry litter Physicochemical properties Pyrolysis

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Review of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture technologies using activated carbon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 46-63页

作者： Alivia Mukherjee Jude A.Okolie Amira Abdelrasoul Catherine Niu ajay K.Dalai Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon 57 Campus Drive

Carbon dioxide(CO2) is the largest anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG) on the planet contributing to the global warming. Currently, there are three capture technologies of trapping CO2 from the flue gas and they are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion. Among these, the post-combustion is widely popular as it can be retrofitted for a short to medium term without encountering any significant technology risks or *** carbon is widely used as a universal separation medium with series of advantages compared to the first generation capture processes based on amine-based scrubbing which are inherently energy intensive. The goal of this review is to elucidate the three CO2 capture technologies with a focus on the use of activated carbon(AC) as an adsorbent for post-combustion anthropogenic CO2 flue gas capture prior to emission to atmosphere. Furthermore, this coherent review summarizes the recent ongoing research on the preparation of activated carbon from various sources to provide a profound understanding on the current progress to highlight the challenges of the CO2 mitigation efforts along with the mathematical modeling of CO2 capture. AC is widely seen as a universal adsorbent due to its unique properties such as high surface area and porous texture. Other applications of AC in the removal of contaminants from flue gas, heavy metal and organic compounds, as a catalyst and catalyst support and in the electronics and electroplating industry are also discussed in this study.

关键词： Post-combustion Greenhouse gas Carbon dioxide capture Activated carbon Adsorption

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Intrusion detection and prevention system for an IoT environment

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第4期8卷 540-551页

作者： ajay Kumar K.Abhishek M.R.Ghalib A.Shankar X.Cheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering NIT PatnaBiharIndia Faculty of Science Engineering Computing(SEC)De Montfort UniversityDubaiUnited Arab Emirates Department of CSE Amity School of Engineering and TechnologyAmity UniversityUttar PradeshIndia Department of Computer Science Middlesex UniversityLondonUK

Internet of Things(IoT)security is the act of securing IoT devices and *** devices,including industrial machines,smart energy grids,and building automation,are extremely *** the goal of shielding network systems from illegal access in cloud servers and IoT systems,Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs)and Network-based Intrusion Prevention Systems(NBIPSs)are proposed in this *** intrusion prevention system is proposed to realize NBIPS to safeguard top to bottom *** proposed NBIPS inspects network activity streams to identify and counteract misuse *** NBIPS is usually located specifically behind a firewall,and it provides a reciprocal layer of investigation that adversely chooses unsafe *** IPS sensors can be installed either in an inline or a passive *** inline sensor is installed to monitor the traffic passing through *** sensors are installed to stop attacks by blocking the traffic using an IoT signature-based protocol.

关键词： IDS and IPS Cloud Firewall Denial of service Smart environment Internet of things NBIPS

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Analytical Comparison of Resource Search Algorithms in Non-DHT Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 983-1001页

作者： ajay Arunachalam Vinayakumar Ravi Moez Krichen Roobaea Alroobaea Jehad Saad Alqurni Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems(AASS) Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden Center for Articial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia Faculty of CSIT Al-Baha UniversitySaudi Arabia ReDCAD LaboratoryUniversity of SfaxTunisia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Education Technologies College of EducationImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversitySaudi Arabia

One of the key challenges in ad-hoc networks is the resource discovery *** efciently&quickly the queried resource/object can be resolved in such a highly dynamic self-evolving network is the underlying question?Broadcasting is a basic technique in the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks(MANETs),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission *** is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every *** naive ooding technique oods the network with query messages,while the random walk scheme operates by contacting subsets of each node’s neighbors at every step,thereby restricting the search *** earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of ooding technique,and its variants,in a wired network ***,there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,the analytical results are still lacking,especially in the context of mobile P2P *** this article,we mathematically model different widely used existing search techniques,and compare with the proposed improved random walk method,a simple lightweight approach suitable for the non-DHT *** provide analytical expressions to measure the performance of the different ooding-based search techniques,and our proposed *** analytically derive 3 relevant key performance measures,i.e.,the *** of steps needed to nd a resource,the probability of locating a resource,and the *** of messages generated during the entire search process.

关键词： Mathematical model MANET P2P networks P2P MANET unstructured search algorithms Peer-to-Peer ad-hoc ooding random walk resource discovery content discovery mobile peer-to-peer broadcast peer

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Productive performance of commercial growing and finishing pigs supplemented with a Buttiauxella phytase as a total replacement of inorganic phosphate

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 351-357页

作者： Yueming Dersjant-Li Peter Plumstead ajay Awati Janet Remus Danisco Animal Nutrition DuPont Industrial Biosciences Marlborough SN8 1XN United Kingdom Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences University of Pretoria Hatfield Pretoria 0028 South Africa Danisco Animal Nutrition DuPont Industrial Biosciences St. Louis MO 63167 USA

The objective of this study was to test if a novel phytase from Buttiauxella sp. can replace all added inorganic phosphate in a diet with reduced Ca and metabolizable energy(ME) fed to commercial pigs from12 kg body weight(BW) until slaughter, whilst maintaining performance and carcass quality *** dietary treatments were tested in a completely randomized design with 9 replicate pens, each containing 31 mixed sex Newsham Choice pigs. Diets included a positive control(PC) based on corn,soybean meal, wheat middling and bakery meal, meeting all nutrient requirement of pigs; a negative control(NC) excluded inorganic phosphate and with reduced Ca(-0.13%) and ME(-0.15 MJ/kg); and NC supplemented with Buttiauxella phytase at 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg feed. Diets were fed ad libitum in mash form in 5 phases: starter(12 to 25 kg BW), grower 1(25 to 50 kg BW) and 2(50 to 75 kg BW), and finisher1(75 to 100 kg BW) and 2(100 kg BW to slaughter). The NC group showed lower(P < 0.05) average daily feed intake(ADFI) and average daily gain(ADG) in starter and grower phases, lower gain to feed ratio(G:F)in starter and grower 1 compared with PC. Pigs receiving the high dose of phytase of 1,000 FTU/kg had improved performance vs. the 500 FTU/kg phytase treatment in starter and grower 1 phase compared with the PC in grower 1 phase. Increasing phytase dose resulted in a linear increase in ADG(12 to120 kg BW) and G:F(50 to 75 kg BW). A comparison of treatment groups over the full production period from 12 kg BW until slaughter showed that both 500 and 1,000 FTU/kg phytase treatments were able to maintain growth performance and carcass characteristics compared with PC. The application of Buttiauxella phytase could therefore be used as an effective strategy to replace all inorganic phosphate in diets of pigs fed corn, soybean meal, wheat middling and bakery meal based diets from 12 kg BW. An economic analysis showed greater return from both phytase treatments vs. the PC and favored the

关键词： Buttiauxella phytase Carcass Pigs Phosphorus Productive performance

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Evaluation of rapid molecular diagnostics for differentiating medicinal Kaempferia species from its adulterants

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Plant Diversity 2019年第3期41卷 206-211页

作者： Supriyo Basak Ramesh Aadi Moolam ajay Parida Sudip Mitra Latha Rangan Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781 039 India Institute of Life Sciences NALCO Nagar Road NALCO Square Chandrasekharpur Bhubaneswar 751023 India Centre for Rural Technology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781 039 India Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China

Accurate detection of unique herbs is crucial for herbal medicine preparation. Zingiberaceae species, which are important in Ayurvedic medicine of India, are often misidentified in Northeast (NE) Indian herbal markets. Kaempferia galanga (Zingiberaceae) is one of the major components of popular Ayurvedic drugs used for rheumatic diseases (i.e.,“Gandha Thailam” and “Rasnairandadi Kashayam”), contusions, fractures, and sprains. In NE India, herbal healers often misidentify plants from the Marantaceae family (e.g., Calathea bachemiana and Maranta leuconeura) as Kaempferia, which leads to adulteration of the medicinal herb. This misidentification of herbs occurs in NE India because Zingiberaceae plant barcoding information is inadequate. As a consequence, herbal medicine is not only therapeutically less effective but may also cause adverse reactions that range from mild to life-threatening. In this study, we used eight barcoding loci to develop “fingerprints” for four Kaempferia species and two species frequently mistaken for Kaempferia. The PCR and sequencing success of the loci matK, rbcL and trnH-psbA were found to be 100%;the combination of matK, rbcL, and trnH-psbA proved to be the ideal locus for discriminating the Kaempferia species from their adulterants because the combined loci showed greater variability than individual loci. This reliable tool was therefore developed in the current study for accurate identification of Kaempferia plants which can effectively resolve identification issues for herbal healers.

关键词： Ayurveda Barcoding Chloroplast Molecular authentication Zingiberaceae Calathea bachemiana

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Status and perspectives of hierarchical porous carbon materials in terms of high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

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Carbon Energy 2022年第3期4卷 346-398页

作者： Yinyu Xiang Liqiang Lu ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli Yutao Pei Advanced Production Engineering(APE) Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen(ENTEG)Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,although a promising candidate of next-generation energy storage devices,are hindered by some bottlenecks in their roadmap toward *** key challenges include solving the issues such as low utilization of active materials,poor cyclic stability,poor rate performance,and unsatisfactory Coulombic efficiency due to the inherent poor electrical and ionic conductivity of sulfur and its discharged products(e.g.,Li2S2 and Li_(2)S),dissolution and migration of polysulfide ions in the electrolyte,unstable solid electrolyte interphase and dendritic growth on an odes,and volume change in both cathodes and *** to the high specific surface area,pore volume,low density,good chemical stability,and particularly multimodal pore sizes,hierarchical porous carbon(HPC)mate rials have received considerable attention for circumventing the above pro blems in Li-S ***,recent progress made in the synthetic methods and deployment of HPC materials for various components including sulfur cathodes,separators and interlayers,and lithium anodes in Li-S batteries is presented and *** importantly,the correlation between the structures(pore volume,specific surface area,degree of pores,and heteroatom-doping)of HPC and the electrochemical performances of Li-S batteries is ***,a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives associated with HPCs for Li-S batteries is provided.

关键词： carbon/sulfur cathodes hierarchical porous carbon lithium-sulfur batteries lithium metal anodes separators/interlayers synthetic methods

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