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Treatm.nt Initiation am.ng Patients with m.ltidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Bhopal District, India

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2017年第4期5卷 237-242页

作者： Hem.nt Deepak Shewade Arun m. Kokane Akash Ranjan Singh m.noj v.rm. m.lik Parm.r Sanjay Singh Chahar m.noj Tiwari Sheeba Naz Khan m.kesh Nagar Sanjai kumar Singh Pradeep kumar m.hra ajay m. v. kumar International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia Office New Delhi India Departm.nt of Com.unity m.dicine and Fam.ly m.dicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal India State TB cell Department of Health and Family Welfare Bhopal India World Health Organization Country Office in India New Delhi India International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) Paris France

Rev.sed national tuberculosis control program.e in India has lim.ted co-hort-wise inform.tion about what happens to patients diagnosed with m.ltidrug resistant TB (m.R-TB). We determ.ned the pre-treatm.nt loss to follow-up (non-initiation of treatm.nt by program.e within 6 m.nths of diagnosis) and tim. from.diagnosis to treatm.nt initiation in Bhopal district, central India (2014). Pre-treatm.nt loss to follow-up was 13% (0.95 CI: 7%, 23%), not significantly different from.the national estim.tes (18%) and m.dian tim. to initiate treatm.nt was sev.n days, lower than that reported elsewhere in the country. Bhopal was perform.ng well with reference to tim. to treatm.nt initiation in program.atic settings.

关键词： m.ltidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Operational Research Pre-Treatm.nt Attrition Diagnosis and Treatm.nt Pathway Initial Loss to Follow-Up

Enhancing Childhood TB Notifications by Strengthening Linkages with Large Hospitals in Pakistan<br/>—Childhood TB in Large Hospitals, Pakistan

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018年第1期6卷 63-67页

作者： Ali Saeed m.rza Razia Fatim. Aashifa Yaqoob Ejaz Qadeer Ahm.d Wali Afshan Khurshid m.hboob Ul Haq ajay m. v. kumar National TB Control Program Islamabad Pakistan Prov.ncial TB Control Program Quetta Pakistan Prov.ncial TB Control Program Sindh Pakistan International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Paris France International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease South-East Asia Office New Delhi India

To im.rov. childhood Tuberculosis m.nagem.nt, the National Tuberculosis Program.im.lem.nted a package of interv.ntions Hospital DOTS linkages (HDL) in 2015 in 144 tertiary and secondary care hospitals across Pakistan. This included system.tic engagem.nt of hospital adm.nistration and all specialist doctors, staff training and regular facility-based rev.ew m.etings. HDL was associated with 35% increase in childhood TB notifications in 2015 (v.rsus 2014) in HDL sites as com.ared to 16% increase in non-HDL sites. The increase was seen across prov.nces, age-groups and sexes, but did not correlate with presence of Xpert m.B/RIF®?or “screeners” (health workers deployed to screen children for TB).

关键词： Tuberculosis Childhood Tuberculosis Hospital DOTS Linkages Pakistan SORT IT

Did “Screeners” Increase Pediatric Tuberculosis Case Notification in Sindh, Pakistan?

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2017年第1期5卷 81-86页

作者： Afshan Khurshid Sv.n Gudm.nd Hinderaker Einar Heldal Razia Fatim. m.hboobul Haq Aashifa Yaqoob Am.nullah Ansari Kashif Anwar Ejaz Qadeer ajay m. v. kumar Prov.ncial TB Control Program Sindh Pakistan Univ.rsity of Bergen Bergen Norway Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway National TB Control Program Islamabad Pakistan National TB Control Program Research Islamabad Pakistan Pakistan Institute of m.dical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Paris France International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease South-East Asia Office New Delhi India

To identify m.ssing childhood Tuberculosis (TB) cases, “screeners” (hospital-based health workers trained to screen accom.anying contacts of TB patients for sym.tom.) were introduced in eight tertiary care hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan in 2013. There was a 55% increase in childhood TB notifications in 2014 com.ared to 2012 in facilities with screeners (n = 8) com.ared to 40% increase in facilities without screeners (n = 22). This apparent association disappeared when stratified by presence of “trained pediatrician” whose introduction was associated with a m.ssiv. increase in notifications while transfer was associated with a m.rked decrease. In conclusion, screeners were not associated with increase in pediatric TB case notifications.

关键词： Childhood Tuberculosis Pediatricians Screener Xpert m.B/RIF SORT IT

Pre‑hatch therm.l m.nipulation of em.ryos and post‑hatch baicalein supplem.ntation m.tigated heat stress in broiler chickens

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1071-1085页

作者： Sadid Al Am.z ajay Chaudhary Prem.Lal m.hato Rajesh Jha Birendra m.shra Departm.nt of Hum.n Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawai’i at ManoaAgSci 2161955 East‑West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background High env.ronm.ntal tem.eratures induce heat stress in broiler chickens,affecting their health and pro-duction *** dietary,m.nagerial,and genetics strategies hav. been tested with som. success in m.tigating heat stress(HS)in *** nov.l HS m.tigation strategies for sustaining broiler production is critically *** study inv.stigated the effects of pre-hatch therm.l m.nipulation(Tm.and post-hatch baica-lein supplem.ntation on growth perform.nce and health param.ters in heat-stressed *** Six hundred fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 *** candling on em.ryonic day(ED)10,238 eggs were therm.lly m.nipulated at 38.5℃ with 55%relativ. hum.dity(RH)from.ED 12 to 18,then transferred to the hatcher(ED 19 to 21,standard tem.erature)and 236 eggs were incubated at a controlled tem.erature(37.5℃)till *** hatch,180-day-old chicks from.both groups were raised in 36 pens(n=10 birds/pen,6 replicates per treatm.nt).The treatm.nts were:1)Control,2)Tm.3)control heat stress(CHS),4)therm.l m.nipulation heat stress(Tm.S),5)control heat stress supplem.nt(CHSS),and 6)therm.l m.nipulation heat stress supplem.nt(Tm.SS).All birds were raised under the standard env.ronm.nt for 21 d,followed by chronic heat stress from.d 22 to 35(32–33℃ for 8 h)in the CHS,Tm.S,CHSS,and Tm.SS groups.A therm.neutral(22–24℃)env.ronm.nt was m.intained in the Control and Tm.*** was constant(50%±5%)throughout the *** the data were analyzed using one-way ANOv. in R and GraphPad software at Pm.an±*** stress significantly decreased(Pm.S groups com.ared to the other *** Tm.significantly increased(Pm.S birds showed a significant increm.nt(Pv.latile fatty acid(v.A)concentration com.ared to the CHS bird

关键词： Baicalein Growth perform.nce Gut m.crobiota Heat stress Therm.l m.nipulation

Can Intensified Tuberculosis Case Finding Efforts at Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers Lead to Pediatric Case Detection in Bihar, India?

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2016年第1期4卷 46-54页

作者： Rajeev.R. Pathak Bal Krishna m.shra Patrick K. m.onan Sreeniv.s A. Nair ajay m. v. kumar m.hit P. Gandhi Sham.m.m.nnan Sm.ta Ghosh WHO Country Office for India New Delhi India State Tuberculosis Training and Dem.nstration Centre Patna India US Centers for Disease Control and Prev.ntion Division of TB Elimination Atlanta USA International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia Regional Office New Delhi India

Introduction: Sev.n district-lev.l Nutritional Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs) in Bihar, India prov.de clinical and nutritional care for children with sev.re acute m.lnutrition (SAm.. Aim. To assess whether intensified case finding (ICF) strategies at NRCs can lead to pediatric case detection am.ng SAm.children and link them.to TB treatm.nt under the Rev.sed National Tuberculosis Control Program.e (RNTCP). m.terials and m.thods: A retrospectiv. cohort study was conducted that included m.dical record rev.ews of SAm.children registered for TB screening and RNTCP care during July-Decem.er 2012. Results: Am.ng 440 SAm.children screened, 39 (8.8%) were diagnosed with TB. Am.ng these, 34 (87%) initiated TB treatm.nt and 18 (53%) were registered with the RNTCP. Of 16 children not registered under the RNTCP, nine (56%) weighed below six kilo-gram.—the current weight requirem.nt for receiv.ng drugs under RNTCP. Conclusion: ICF approaches are feasible at NRCs;howev.r, screening for TB entails diagnostic challenges, especially am.ng SAm.children. Howev.r, only half of the children diagnosed with TB were treated by the RNTCP. m.re effort is needed to link this v.lnerable population to TB serv.ces in addition to introducing child-friendly drug form.lations for cov.ring children weighing less than six kilo-gram..

关键词： Tuberculosis Children m.lnutrition India Screening

Recharge and v.lnerability assessm.nt of groundwater resources in North west India:Insights from.isotope-geospatial m.delling approach

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 247-262页

作者： Annadasankar Roy Sitangshu Chatterjee Uday kumar Sinha Anil kumar Jain Hem.nt m.hokar ajay Jaryal Tirum.lesh Keesari Harish Jagat Pant Isotope and Radiation Application Div.sion Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai–400085India Hom. Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400094India Central Ground Water Board AhmedabadGujaratIndia

Recent studies indicate dwindling groundwater quantity and quality of the largest regional aquifer system.in North West India,raising concern ov.r freshwater av.ilability to about 182 m.llion population residing in this *** agricultural activ.ties hav. resulted sev.re groundwater pollution in this area,dem.nding a system.tic v.lnerability assessm.nt for proactiv. *** v.lnerability assessm.nt m.dels encounter drawbacks due to subjectiv.ty,com.lexity,data-prerequisites,and spatial-tem.oral *** study incorporates isotopic inform.tion into a weighted-ov.rlay fram.work to ov.rcom. the abov.-m.ntioned lim.tations and proposes a nov.l v.lnerability assessm.nt *** isotope m.thodology prov.des crucial insights on groundwater recharge m.chanism.(18O and 2H)and dynam.cs(3H)-often ignored in v.lnerability *** characterisation of precipitation helped in establishing Local m.teoric Water Line(Lm.L)as well as inferring contrasting recharge m.chanism. operating in different *** aquifer(depthm.showed significant ev.porativ. signature with ev.poration loss accounting up to 18.04%based on Rayleigh distillation ***-aquifer connections were apparent from.Kernel Density Estim.te(KDE)and isotope correlations.A weighted ov.rlay isotope-geospatial m.del was dev.loped com.ining 18O,3H,aquifer perm.ability,and water lev.l *** central and northern parts of study area fall under least(0.29%)and extrem.ly(1.79%)v.lnerable zones respectiv.ly,while m.jority of the study area fall under m.derate(42.71%)and highly v.lnerable zones(55.20%).m.del v.lidation was perform.d using groundwater NO3-concentration,which showed an ov.rall accuracy up to 82%.m.nte Carlo Sim.lation(m.S)was perform.d for sensitiv.ty analysis and perm.ability was found to be the m.st sensitiv. input param.ter,followed by 3H,18O,and water *** the v.lnerability m.p with Land Use Land Cov.r(LULC)and population density m.ps

关键词： Agricultural pollution Data scarcity Recharge m.chanism Rayleigh distillation Isotope-geospatial m.del v.lnerability assessm.nt

Enhanced Solar Water Desalination by CuCo_(2)S_(4)-decorated Carbon Foam.Deriv.d from.Waste Plastics

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Chem.cal Research in Chinese Univ.rsities 2024年第3期40卷 548-555页

作者： m.zam.il HUSSAIN Tofik Ahm.d SHIFA Pratik v.SHINDE Pankaj kumar Stefano CENTENARO Silv.a GROSS Elisa m.RETTI Alberto v.m.ERO Departm.nt of m.lecular Sciences and Nanosystem. Ca'Foscari University of VeniceVia Torino 15530172 VeniceItaly Departm.nt of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaVia Venezia 135131 PadovaItaly Departm.nt of Chem.cal Sciences University of PadovaVia Francesco Marzolo135131 PadovaItaly Div.sion of m.terials Science Department of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLulea University of Technology97187 LuleaSweden Center for Cultural Heritage Technologies(CCHT) Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia(IT)Via Torino 15530170 Venezia-MestreItaly

Interfacial solar desalination is an em.rging technology for freshwater production,but the finding of nov.l solar ev.porators is still *** the present research,graphitic carbon foam.CF)was synthesized from.the upcycling of waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate(PET)waste bottles functionalized with carrollite CuCo_(2)S_(4) as a phototherm.l *** characterization[X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform.infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron m.croscopy-energy dispersiv. spectroscopy(SEm.EDS)]confirm. the functionalization of carrollite CuCo_(2)S_(4) on graphitic carbon *** Uv.v.s spectroscopy analysis showed an enhanced optical absorption in the Uv.v.s-near IR region(>96%)for functionalized CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF foam.com.ared to carbon foam.67%).The interfacial solar desalination experim.nt presented a significantly enhanced ev.poration rate of 2.4 kg·m.(−2)·h^(−1) for CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF com.ared to that of CF(1.60 kg·m.(−2)·h^(−1))and that of CuCo_(2)S_(4)(1.60 kg·m.(−2)·h^(−1)).The obtained results prov.d that the newly synthesized CuCo_(2)S_(4)-CF from.the upcycled plastic into new m.terial for the phototherm.l desalination process can enhance the practice of a circular econom. to produce fresh water.

关键词： Phototherm.l desalination Cobalt Copper Chalcogenide Waste upcycling Circular econom.

Effect of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles on bioactiv.ty,com.osition,structure,in v.tro and in v.v. behav.or of PEO coatings on m.-alloy

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Journal of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2360-2379页

作者： D.v.m.shtalyar I.m.Im.hinetskiy v.v.Kashepa K.v.Nadaraia m.A.Piatkov. A.I.Pleshkov. K.A.Fom.nko A.Yu.Ustinov.S.L.Sinebryukhov.S.v.Gnedenkov Institute of Chem.stry Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok690022Russia Far Eastern Federal Univ.rsity Vladivostok690950Russia Regional Clinical Derm.tov.nerological Dispensary Vladivostok690033Russia

The present study inv.stigates the physical and chem.cal characteristics,behav.or in v.tro and in v.v.,and biocom.atibility of coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5),which are obtained by plasm. electrolytic oxidation(PEO)on m.8 m.gnesium.*** obtained coatings dem.nstrate in v.v. biocom.atibility and in v.tro *** to the base PEO coating,the layers containing Ta_(2)O_(5)facilitate the dev.lopm.nt of apatite in sim.lated body fluid,suggesting that the inclusion of nanoparticles im.rov.s bioactiv.ty of the *** was found that incorporation of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles increases roughness and porosity of the form.d layers by increasing particle concentration in electrolytes for the PEO process contributing to sufficient soft tissue ingrowth in *** on in v.v. studies,these coatings also prov.de fav.rable tissue response and m.nim.l inflam.atory reaction in com.arison with the bare m.gnesium.alloy due to protection of liv.ng tissues from.deleterious corrosion ev.nts of m.gnesium.im.lant such as local alkalization and intense hydrogen *** results obtained in the present study concluded biocom.atibility,tissue integration of the PEO coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles m.king them.a prom.sing protectiv. layer for biodegradable m.gnesium.im.lants.

关键词： Plasm. electrolytic oxidation Bioactiv. coatings Tantalum.pentoxide Sim.lated body fluid(SBF) Apatite form.tion Histology

Relationship between Nutritional Support and Tuberculosis Treatm.nt Outcom.s in West Bengal, India

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2016年第4期4卷 213-219页

作者： Blesson Sam.e Tyson v.lkm.nn Sushm. Cornelius Sugata m.khopadhay m.joJose Kaushik m.tra ajay m. v. kumar John E. Oeltm.nn Sidhajyoti Parija Aslesh Ottapura Prabhakaran Patrick K. m.onan v.neet K. Chadha World v.sion India New Delhi India Centers for Disease Control and Prev.ntion Atlanta USA Burdwan m.dical College West Bengal India International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease South-East Asia Regional Office New Delhi India Southern Health Im.rov.m.nt Sam.ty West Bengal India Departm.nt of Com.unity m.dicine Academy of Medical Sciences Pariyaram India Epidem.ology and Research Div.sion National Tuberculosis Institute Bangalore India

Introduction: Pov.rty and poor nutrition are associated with the risk of dev.loping tuberculosis (TB). Socioeconom.c factors m.y interfere with anti-tuberculosis treatm.nt com.liance and its outcom.. We exam.ned whether prov.ding nutritional support (m.nthly supply of rice and lentil beans) to TB patients who liv. below the pov.rty line was associated with TB treatm.nt outcom.. m.thods: This was a retrospectiv. cohort study of sputum.sm.ar-positiv. pulm.nary TB patients liv.ng below the pov.rty line (incom. of m.nt in two rural districts of West Bengal, India during 2012 to 2013. We com.ared treatm.nt outcom.s am.ng patients who receiv.d nutritional support with those who did not. A log-binom.al regression m.del was used to assess the relation between nutritional support and unsuccessful treatm.nt outcom. (loss-to-follow-up, treatm.nt failure and death). Results: Of 173 TB patients prov.ded nutritional support, 15 (9%) had unsuccessful treatm.nt outcom.s, while 84 (21%) of the 400 not prov.ded nutrition support had unsuccessful treatm.nt outcom.s (p v.ous treatm.nt, those who receiv.d nutritional support had a 50% reduced risk of unsuccessful treatm.nt outcom. than those who did not receiv. nutritional support (Relativ. Risk: 0.51;95% Confidence Interv.ls: 0.30 - 0.86). Conclusion: Under program.atic conditions, m.nthly rations of rice and lentils were associated with lower risk of unsuccessful treatm.nt outcom. am.ng im.ov.rished TB patients. Giv.n the relativ.ly sm.ll financial com.itm.nt needed per patient ($10 per patient per m.nth), the national TB program.e should consider scaling up nutritional support am.ng TB patients liv.ng below the pov.rty line.

关键词： Nutritional Support Pov.rty Pulm.nary Tuberculosis India