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CmMYB3-like negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and flower color formation during the post-flowering stage in Chrysanthemum morifolium

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 194-204页

作者： Lijie Zhou Shenhui Liu Yiguang Wang Yuxi Wang aiping song Jiafu Jiang Sumei Chen Zhiyong Guan Fadi Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement The Key Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China

Color fading caused by a decrease in anthocyanin accumulation during the post-flowering stage significantly affects postharvest quality of chrysanthemum.However,the underlying mechanism by which anthocyanin accumulation decreases during the post-flowering stage still unclear,which greatly restricts design of molecular breeding in chrysanthemum.Here,a chrysanthemum SG7 R2R3 MYB transcription factor(TF),CmMYB3-like,was identified to have a function in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis during the post-flowering stage.Quantitative real time PCR(qRT-PCR)assays showed that the expression of CmMYB3-like was gradually downregulated when anthocyanin content increased during the flowering stage and was significantly upregulated during the post-flowering stage.Genetic transformation of chrysanthemum and dual-luciferase assays in N.benthamiana leaves showed that CmMYB3-like suppressed anthocyanin accumulation by inhibiting the transcription of CmCHS and CmANS directly and that of CmF3H indirectly.However,overexpression or suppression of CmMYB3-like did not affect the biosynthesis of flavones or flavonols.Genetic transformation of chrysanthemum revealed that the overexpression of CmMYB3-like inhibited anthocyanin accumulation,but its suppression prevented the decrease in anthocyanin accumulation during the post-flowering stage.Our results revealed a crucial role of CmMYB3-like in regulating the color of petals during the post-flowering stage and provided a target gene for molecular design breeding to improve the postharvest quality of chrysanthemum.

关键词： Post-flowering stage Color fading Anthocyanins CmMYB3-like Chrysanthemum Molecular breeding

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Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Gene CmDWF4 Regulates Bud Outgrowth in Chrysanthemum morifolium

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第6期92卷 1681-1694页

作者： Xianrong Fu aiping song Bo Peng song Li Weixin Liu Lingling Zhang Jiafu Jiang Sumei Chen Fadi Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization Key Laboratory of LandscapingKey Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation(South)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East ChinaNational Forestry and Grassland AdministrationCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China

Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of steroid phytohormones,play a critical role in plant growth and development.The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP90B1),which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis.Here,we identified a homologous gene of DWF4 in chrysanthemum,CmDWF4.This gene was predicted to encode 491 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI)of 9.10.Overexpression of CmDWF4 in chrysanthemum was found to significantly increase growth rate,number,and length of lateral buds.Transcriptome analysis showed that multiple xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase(XTH)family encoding genes associated with cell wall modification were up-regulated in CmDWF4-overexpressing lines.qRT-PCR assay confirmed the up-regulation of CmXTH6,CmXTH23,and CmXTH28 in CmDWF4-overexpression line.Overall,this work establishes a mechanism by which BR biosynthetic gene CmDWF4 promotes lateral bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum,possibly through regulating cell elongation and expansion.

关键词： BR axillary bud shoot branching XTHs cell elongation

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B Class Floral Homeotic Genes are Involved in the Petal Identity and Flower Meristem Determinations in Chrysanthemum morifolium

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第2期92卷 311-331页

作者： Jiayou Liu Lian Ding Xue Zhang song Li Yunxiao Guan Diwen Jia aiping song Jiafu Jiang Fadi Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Key Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East ChinaNational Forestry and Grassland AdministrationCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China

Chrysanthemum morifolium,an ornamental crop with diverse forms of inflorescence,is a good model for studying flower development in Asteraceae.However,the genetic background is complex and the mechanisms of regulating flower development are still unclear.Here,we identified two natural mutant lines of chrysanthemum and named them M1 and M2 according to the severity of the phenotype.Both lines showed defects in petal identity,and the petals of the M1 line had a mild phenotype:partially loss of petal identity and conversion of petals into green,leaf-like organs.The M2 line had severe phenotypes:in addition to severe petal defects,secondary inflorescences were produced in the capitulum to replace the normal ray and disc florets,which indicated a transformation of a flower meristem into an inflorescence meristem.Transcriptome sequencing of WT and M2 inflorescences was performed and found altered expression of floral organ development A,B and E class genes,where B and E class genes were significantly down-regulated.qRT-PCR analysis in both M1 and M2 lines revealed that the expression of three chrysanthemum class B genes CmAP3.1,CmAP3.2 and CmPI,was negatively correlated with phenotypic severity.This suggests that class B genes in chrysanthemum not only have conserved functions in determining petal identity but also were involved in the determinacy of the flower meristem.This study provides insights into the functions of class B genes in flower development,and is informative for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of flower development in chrysanthemum.

关键词： Chrysanthemum morifolium flower development RNA-seq ABCE model B function determinacy of flower meristem

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Interaction between MAPKs and MKPs in hexaploid chrysanthemum illuminates functional paralogue diversification in polyploids

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第1期9卷 158-168页

作者： Qi Yu Luyao Zhang Daojin Sun Yueheng Hu Peiling Li Xue Zhang Lian Ding Lijie Zhou Zhiyong Guan Weimin Fang Fadi Chen aiping song State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Key Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityXinyangHenan 464000China

Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs,also known as MPKs)regulate diverse cellular and physiological functions,and dual-specificity MAPK phosphatases(MKPs)modulate MAPK signalling through MAPK dephosphorylation and inactivation.Due to lacking of overall understanding for the regulatory networks between Chrysanthemum morifolium MKPs(CmMKPs)and C.morifolium MAPKs(CmMPKs),we systematically studied the interactions between four groups of CmMPKs and eight identified CmMKPs in chrysanthemum and found that the interaction between the specific CmMKP and the specific CmMPK differed from those in other plants.Furthermore,the expression of CmMKP1 and CmMKP1-LIKE1showed opposite trends during the development of chrysanthemum flower buds under salt treatment and Alternaria alternata inoculation,but these genes could interact with the same CmMPKs,providing insight into the subfunctionalization of paralogues.Amino acid variations(M87V,T277P and V6L)in dual-specificity protein phosphatases(DsPTP1)-LIKE1/2/3 changed the interactions of these proteins with the four CmMPK groups in chrysanthemum,providing evidence for the de/neofunctionalization of paralogues in polyploids,suggesting that we can identify the key functional sites of proteins by studying polyploid paralogues.

关键词： Chrysanthemum Evolution MAPK MKP Protein structure Yeast two-hybrid

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A temporal gene expression map of Chrysanthemum leaves infected with Alternaria alternata reveals different stages of defense mechanisms

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2404-2417页

作者： Ye Liu Jingjing Xin Lina Liu aiping song Zhiyong Guan Weimin Fang Fadi Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Key Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina

Chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium)black spot disease(CBS)poses a major threat to Chrysanthemum cultivation owing to suitable climate conditions and current lack of resistant cultivars for greenhouse cultivation.In this study,we identified a number of genes that respond to Alternaria alternata infection in resistant and susceptible Chrysanthemum cultivars.Based on RNA sequencing technology and a weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA),we constructed a model to elucidate the response of Chrysanthemum leaves to A.alternata infection at different stages and compared the mapped response of the resistant cultivar‘Jinba’to that of the susceptible cultivar‘Zaoyihong’.In the early stage of infection,when lesions had not yet formed,abscisic acid(ABA),salicylic acid(SA)and EDS1-mediated resistance played important roles in the Chrysanthemum defense system.With the formation of necrotic lesions,ethylene(ET)metabolism and the Ca^(2+)signal transduction pathway strongly responded to A.alternata infection.During the late stage,when necrotic lesions continued to expand,members of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE)gene family were highly expressed,and their products may be involved in defense against A.alternata invasion by exporting toxins produced by the pathogen,which plays important roles in the pathogenicity of A.alternata.Furthermore,the function of hub genes was verified by qPCR and transgenic assays.The identification of hub genes at different stages,the comparison of hub genes between the two cultivars and the highly expressed genes in the resistant cultivar‘Jinba’provide a theoretical basis for breeding cultivars resistant to CBS.

关键词： metabolism invasion breeding

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基于激光偏置的齿轮精密测量

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应用激光 2024年第3期44卷 124-131页

作者：徐桂才梅宁宋爱平蒋凯佳扬州大学机械工程学院江苏扬州225000

在进行齿轮激光测量时,激光束所在的空间直线通常穿过齿轮中心,测量值为激光位移传感器至齿轮渐开线齿面的空间距离。但激光束与被测齿面法矢量的夹角过大,影响测量的精度和数据的稳定性。因此,提出一种激光偏置的齿轮精密测量,使激光... 详细信息

在进行齿轮激光测量时,激光束所在的空间直线通常穿过齿轮中心,测量值为激光位移传感器至齿轮渐开线齿面的空间距离。但激光束与被测齿面法矢量的夹角过大,影响测量的精度和数据的稳定性。因此,提出一种激光偏置的齿轮精密测量,使激光束相对齿轮轴线偏置一段距离,激光束与齿面测量点法矢量夹角减小,有效提高激光测量精度与稳定性。计算出了最佳的偏置量范围,通过检测齿轮齿形分析了齿轮的齿距偏差和螺旋线偏差。利用理论推算与实验验证的方法,得出该种测量方法测量精度可达到1μm,测量数据波动小,适用于齿轮高精度测量。

关键词：齿轮测量激光偏置非接触式激光位移传感器

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双联变径带轮与行星传动复合无级变速研究

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机械传动 2024年第2期48卷 158-164页

作者：闫创宋爱平潘建州黄嘉铭扬州大学机械工程学院江苏扬州225127

为了获得在不同情况下的不同工作速度,并且所需要输出的速度能够在一定的范围内均匀变化,使得速度和功率输出达到更好的平衡点,从而降低能耗,就需要使用无级变速器。目前市面上多数无级传动装置所能实现的变速范围较小,在需要进行大跨... 详细信息

为了获得在不同情况下的不同工作速度,并且所需要输出的速度能够在一定的范围内均匀变化,使得速度和功率输出达到更好的平衡点,从而降低能耗,就需要使用无级变速器。目前市面上多数无级传动装置所能实现的变速范围较小,在需要进行大跨度传动的场合显得力不从心。研究了一种高效率大跨度传动的无级变速器,即一种双联变径带轮与行星传动复合无级变速器。对该新型变速器的转矩和转速进行公式推导,得出输出转速连续变化范围的最大跨度比,并对该新型变速器功率传递路径进行分析,得到一种高效的功率传递路径。该变速器具有传动功率大、传动效率高、传动比跨度范围广等特点。

关键词：新型变速器锥盘式传动比跨度功率汇流

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Regulation of flowering time in chrysanthemum by the R2R3 MYB transcription factor CmMYB2 is associated with changes in gibberellin metabolism

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1515-1524页

作者： Lu Zhu Yunxiao Guan Yanan Liu Zhaohe Zhang Muhammad Abuzar Jaffar aiping song Sumei Chen Jiafu Jiang Fadi Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Key Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of AgricultureCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina

The switch from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is a key event in the development of a plant.Here,the product of the chrysanthemum gene CmMYB2,an R2R3 MYB transcription factor that is localized in the nucleus,was shown to be a component of the switching mechanism.Plants engineered to overexpress CmMYB2 flowered earlier than did wild-type plants,while those in which CmMYB2 was suppressed flowered later.In both the overexpression and RNAi knockdown plants,a number of genes encoding proteins involved in gibberellin synthesis or signaling,as well as in the response to photoperiod,were transcribed at a level that differed from that in the wild type.Both yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that CmMYB2 interacts with CmBBX24,a zinc-finger transcription factor known to regulate flowering by its influence on gibberellin synthesis.

关键词： mechanism synthesis synthesis

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Variation for Resistance to Alternaria tenuissima and Potential Structural Mechanism among Different Cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第4期89卷 851-859页

作者： Huiyun Li Ye Liu Sumei Chen Jiafu Jiang aiping song Weimin Fang Fadi Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Key Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China

Black spot disease,caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria tenuissima(Fr.)Wiltsh(A.tenuissima),is considered a highly destructive disease of Chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.).A set of 17 accessions of commercial chrysanthemum cultivars were evaluated for resistance to A.tenuissima by seedling artificial inoculation.It was found that the reaction of the accessions to artificial inoculation ranged from resistant to highly susceptible.Five varieties of chrysanthemum(‘Zhongshan Taogui’,‘Jinba’,‘Zhongshan Jinguan’,‘Jinling Wanhuang’and‘Jinling Yangguang’)were resistant;two varieties of chrysanthemum(‘Zhongshan Xinggui’and‘Zhongshan Jinkui’)were moderately resistant;and others were susceptible to various degrees,four varieties of chrysanthemum(‘Zhongshan Zihe’,‘Zhongshan Jiuhong’,‘Zaoyihong’and‘Jinling Jiaohuang’)were highly susceptible,especially.Some leaf morphological features of two resistant and two highly susceptible cultivars were further researched.Trichome density,length,height,gland size and stomata density were found to be associated with plant passive resistance.Resistant varieties that were identified in present study will be promising germplasm for exploitation of breeding programmes aimed at developing A.tenuissima-resistant cultivars and increasing genetic diversity.

关键词： Alternaria tenuissima commercial chrysanthemum cultivars disease resistance leaf morphology

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Chrysanthemum CmWRKY53 negatively regulates the resistance of chrysanthemum to the aphid Macrosiphoniella sanborni

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1330-1338页

作者： Wanwan Zhang Tianwei Gao Peiling Li Chang Tian aiping song Jiafu Jiang Zhiyong Guan Weimin Fang Fadi Chen Sumei Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Key Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Horticulture Xinyang Agricultural and Forestry UniversityXinyangHenanChina

Chrysanthemum is frequently attacked by aphids,which greatly hinders the growth and ornamental value of this plant species.WRKY transcription factors play an important role in the response to biotic stresses such as pathogen and insect stresses.Here,chrysanthemum CmWRKY53 was cloned,and its expression was induced by aphid infestation.To verify the role of CmWRKY53 in resistance to aphids,CmWRKY53 transgenic chrysanthemum was generated.CmWRKY53 was found to mediate the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to aphids.The expression levels of secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes,such as peroxidase-and polyphenol oxidase-encoding genes,decreased in CmWRKY53-overexpressing(CmWRKY53-Oe)plants but dramatically increased in chimeric dominant repressor(CmWRKY53-SRDX)plants,suggesting that CmWRKY53 contributes to the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to aphids,possibly due to its role in the regulation of secondary metabolites.

关键词： WRKY53 resistance hinder

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