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Identification of Software Bugs by Analyzing Natural Language-Based Requirements Using Optimized Deep Learning Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4379-4397页

作者： Qazi Mazhar ul Haq Fahim Arif Khursheed Aurangzeb noor ul ain Javed Ali Khan Saddaf Rubab Muhammad Shahid Anwar Department of Computer Science and Engineering and International Bachelor’s Program in Informatics Yuan Ze UniversityZhongliTaoyuan320315Taiwan Department of Computer Science National University of PakistanRawalpindiPunjab46000Pakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering MCSNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of AI and Software Gachon UniversitySeongnam-SI13120South Korea

Software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty *** are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is *** bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning ***,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other ***,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification *** methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a *** National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were *** reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.

关键词： Natural language processing software bug prediction transfer learning ensemble learning feature selection

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Aldosterone synthase inhibitor“Baxdrostat”for resistant hypertension:A clinical approach or futuristic idea?

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 146-148页

作者： Muhammad Osama Siddiqui Ayaan Ahmed Qureshi Arooba Siddiqui noor ul ain Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College KarachiSindhPakistan Karachi Medical and Dental College KarachiSindhPakistan

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association defines resistant hypertension(RH)as a clinical blood pressure(BP)reading of>130/80 mmHg in patients taking three antihypertensive drugs,including a renin–angiotensin system inhibitor,a calcium channel blocker(CCB),and a diuretic at well-tolerated doses.1,2 It is reported from multiple population-based surveys that in the United States,there is an approximately 12%–15%prevalence of RH among adults diagnosed with hypertension.2 A prospective study demonstrates that 20%of people diagnosed with RH had primary hyperaldosteronism.3,4 In addition to the classic three antihypertensive drugs,spironolactone and mineralocorticoid are also administered for ***,with respect to the safety profile of spironolactone,it has been reported to have several side effects such as low testosterone production,menstrual irregularities,and excessively raised serum potassium levels,leaving the drug unfit for the longitudinal therapeutic purpose of treating RH.

关键词： hypertension drugs hypertensive

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丝素纤维接枝粘多糖构建细胞捕获丝及其循环肿瘤细胞捕获

丝素纤维接枝粘多糖构建细胞捕获丝及其循环肿瘤细胞捕获

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作者： ain noor ul 苏州大学

学位级别：硕士

循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的检测对肿瘤的诊断、监测和治疗具有重要意义。目前,CTC的检测方法包括体外检测和体内检测两种。由于外周静脉血中CTC浓度极低,捕获时存在大量的血细胞干扰（通常108个血细胞中约1个CTC）,因此希望富集CTC捕获,以... 详细信息

循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的检测对肿瘤的诊断、监测和治疗具有重要意义。目前,CTC的检测方法包括体外检测和体内检测两种。由于外周静脉血中CTC浓度极低,捕获时存在大量的血细胞干扰（通常108个血细胞中约1个CTC）,因此希望富集CTC捕获,以提高检测血样中CTCs的检出率,提高癌症诊断和预后效率。目前大多数CTC检测方法都是以筛选为主的体外捕获法,存在明显的缺陷。首先,CTCs在血液中的分布不均匀,无法进行标准化采样,结果可能呈现假阴性;其次,检测时不能采集大量血样,而血液中CTC含量很低,故需要建立高灵敏度、高细胞负荷的捕获方法。这些问题可以通过使用体内临时静脉留置CTCs捕捉装置来解决,该装置可以接触患者的全部血液,故无需取血样,可进行治疗监测。金属丝和化纤丝是体内识别CTCs的常用载体材料。细丝直径（＞500μm）通常远大于目标细胞（CTC 10-50μm）,这给CTCs的捕获造成了很大的空间位阻。此外,在有限直径（2-3mm）的静脉血管中,可置入的捕获针数量较少,仅一根捕获针与高速流动血液中的CTCs接触的概率极低。这些问题将导致捕获设备捕获的CTCs数量少及捕获设备的CTCs载量小,从而产生假阴性结果,因而这些类型的所有捕获设备具有低灵敏度和低负载率的缺点。目前,FDA批准了 CellCollector（?）用于临床体内CTCs的检测,但其价格昂贵,且也有一定的局限性。研究发现,以丝素蛋白为基础的材料是酶和非酶催化剂固定化合物的优良稳定载体。丝素蛋白可以通过物理或机械作用吸附化合物或在催化剂催化作用下与化合物生成共价键而达到接枝化合物的目的。为了有效地捕获CTCs,解决上述问题,本文采用天然大分子丝素作为载体,丝素具有质地柔软、直径小、空间位阻小、接枝速度快、经济实惠等优点。为了获得最大捕获数量的CTCs,我们采用在丝素蛋白活性位点接枝有机化合物的方法。首先,提出用有机胺EDA与丝素表面蛋白质反应,将表面的羧基接枝转化为氨基,从而修饰丝素表面。然后我们再用环氧化合物BDE修饰载体丝表面并增加化学链长度,已知的“双功能团聚乙二醇”这种环氧化合物容易与胺反应,为了增加蚕丝表面的—NH2位点,我们再次在载体丝表面接枝EDA。通过这种方法,我们得到了一种称为“表面改性丝”或SF-EDA-BDE-EDA的基料。我们用氨基比色法对载体丝表面氨基进行了表征,用扫描电镜和显微镜（×40）对表面进行观察,用红外光谱对化学键进行了确证,证明这种改性的丝表面具有结合大量化合物的能力。为了在接枝时进一步减少空间位阻,我们使用了使用广泛的粘多糖抗凝剂肝素（HPR）。我们以肝素羧基为靶点,将其接枝到我们先前制备的“表面修饰丝素”上,从而制备了 CTCs捕获装置“SF-EDA-BDE-EDA-HPR”。采用紫外分光光度法、10倍显微镜视野和扫描电镜对表面修饰的肝素接枝物进行了表征,并对肝素是否成功接枝进行了红外光谱分析。用该装置固定化适体,后进行捕获CTCs的选择性和灵敏度的评价。我们用细胞浓度梯度法在全血的情况下进行了 CTC的捕获。该装置捕获的最大细胞数为902个,约为CellCollector（?）的11倍,在等离子体（血浆中其他干扰因子）存在下,细胞捕获器的性能具有相当好的平行性。我们对表面修饰肝素的载体丝进行了稳定性表征,结果表明该载体丝在接枝肝素后的45天内稳定,细胞毒性试验显示其具有安全性。虽然接枝HPR捕集器的CTCs负荷比CellCollector（?）大得多,但与我们实验室以前制作的捕集器相比,细胞负荷略低,这应该是HPR分子量较低（约17000）所致。在基础载体丝的接枝想法上,我们选择不同分子量的粘多糖HA作为接枝剂,建立了另一种接枝HA的捕获装置。我们再次构建了表面修饰的载体丝,即SF-EDA-BDE-EDA,以此为基础研究了HA的接枝效率。每5mgHA、8mg EDC和16mg NHS（所有三种药物均在pH=7的磷酸盐缓冲液中溶解）溶解后与需要表面修饰的80根载体丝反应接枝,用0.1M/L的HC1调节溶液的pH值到6.4-6.8。研究表明,PBS溶液不利于核酸适体的固定,50μl适体是该体系固定化的最大量。我们研究了HA的分子量对捕获效率的影响,发现高分子量HA更适用于我们构建的装置。在60mL PBS中加入1000个细胞,该捕获器可捕获16个细胞,而在10万个细胞中最多可捕获4166个细胞。相对而言,这种捕获器的单元负载约为CellCollector（?）的51倍。血浆中有其他物质干扰后的效率也通过在稀释1mL的抗凝全血中实验进行检测,证明CTC捕获效率比在PBS中的降低了14.4%。最后我们对所构建的装置进行了生物相容性表征和MTT实验。研究结果表明,我们捕获器的捕获效率很高,尽管需要进一步的动物模型研究和临床研究数据证

关键词：肝素 HA 接杆丝素纤维捕获循环肿瘤细胞

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State of Health Estimation of LiFePO_(4) Batteries for Battery Management Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3149-3164页

作者： Areeb Khalid Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif noor ul ain Ali Nasir Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahorePakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan

When considering the mechanism of the batteries,the capacity reduction at storage(when not in use)and cycling(during use)and increase of internal resistance is because of degradation in the chemical composition inside the *** optimize battery usage,a battery management system(BMS)is used to estimate possible aging effects while different load profiles are requested from the *** is specifically seen in a case when the vehicle is connected to the net(online through BMS).During this process,the BMS chooses the optimized load profiles based on the least aging effects on the battery *** major focus of this paper is to design an algorithm/model for lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4)*** model of the batteries is based on the accelerated aging test data(data from the beginning of life till the end of life).The objective is to develop an algorithm based on the actual battery trend during the whole life of the *** the analysis of the test data,the complete trend of the battery aging and the factors on which the aging is depending on is identified,the aging model can then be recalibrated to avoid any differences in the production process during cell *** validation of the model was carried out at the end by utilizing different driving profiles at different C-rates and different ambient temperatures.A Linear and non-linear model-based approach is used based on statistical *** parameterization was carried out by dividing the data into small chunks and estimating the parameters for the individual ***-adaptive characteristic map using a lookup table was also *** nonlinear model was chosen as the best candidate among all other approaches for longer validation of 8-month data with real driving data set.

关键词： Aging model state of health lithium-ion cells battery management system state of charge battery modeling

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M_(4)X_(3) MXenes:Application in Energy Storage Devices

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 522-542页

作者： Iftikhar Hussain Waqas ul Arifeen Shahid Ali Khan Sikandar Aftab Muhammad Sufyan Javed Sajjad Hussain Muhammad Ahmad Xi Chen Jiyun Zhao PRosaiah Khaled Fahmi Fawy Adnan Younis Sumanta Sahoo Kaili Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloon TongHong KongPeople's Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityDaehak-roGyeongsan-siGyeongbuk-do 38541South Korea Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Clean Energy Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People's Republic of China Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Physics Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)ThandalamChennai 602105India Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 900461413 AbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Physics College of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityP.O.Box 15551Al-AinUnited Arab Emirates School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 38541South Korea

MXene has garnered widespread recognition in the scientific com-munity due to its remarkable properties,including excellent thermal stability,high conductivity,good hydrophilicity and dispersibility,easy processability,tunable surface properties,and admirable *** have been categorized into different families based on the number of M and X layers in M_(n+1)X_(n),such as M_(2)X,M_(3)X_(2),M_(4)X_(3),and,recently,M_(5)X_(4).Among these families,M_(2)X and M_(3)X_(2),par-ticularly Ti_(3)C_(2),have been greatly explored while limited studies have been given to M_(5)X_(4)MXene ***,studies on the M_(4)X_(3)MXene family have developed recently,hence,demanding a compilation of evaluated ***,this review provides a systematic overview of the latest advancements in M_(4)X_(3)MXenes,focusing on their properties and applications in energy storage *** objective of this review is to provide guidance to researchers on fostering M_(4)X_(3)MXene-based nanomaterials,not only for energy storage devices but also for broader applications.

关键词： MXene M_(4)X_(3)MXenes 2D materials Energy storage Properties

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Nd-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4) and its composite with CNTs to tune photocatalytic activity

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第12期41卷 1919-1928,I0004页

作者： Fatimah Mohammed AAlzahrani Amna Irshad Sonia Zulfiqar Z.A.Alrowaili noor ul ain Asima Anwar Muhammad Farooq Warsi M.S.Al-Buriahi Department of Chemistry CollegeofSciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabi Institute of Chemistry Baghdad-ul-Jadeed CampusThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur6310Pakistan Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Ostrava30.Dubna 22Ostrava70103Czech Republic Department of Chemicaland Biological Engineering Iowa State UniversitySweeney Hall618 Bissll RoadAmesIowa 50011United States Department of Physics College of ScienceJouf UniversityPo.Box 2014SakakaSaudi Arabia Institute of Physics Baghdad-ul-Jadeed CampusThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Physics Sakarya UniversitySakaryaTurkey

Rare earth-doped spinel nano ferrites are attaining importance as heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the degradation of organic *** earth metal doping increases the electrical and optical properties,as well as the surface-to-volume ratio of the bare *** this work,NiFe_(2)O_(4)(NF) and Nd-NiFe_(2)O_(4)(NF-1) were successfully synthesized via the co-precipitation *** nanotubes(CNT)-based nanocomposite(NF-2) was prepared using the ultra-sonication *** prepared materials were analyzed via various physiochemical *** degradation efficiency of these materials was analyzed for the degradation of Rhodamine B,methylene blue,and benzoic acid,NF-2 shows the highest efficiency among all the prepared ***-2 shows 83.87%,90.80%,and 66.96% degradation of Rhodamine B,methylene blue,and benzoic acid,*** reason for the superior activity of NF-2 is the existence of rare earth Nd ions and *** surface area of NF increases due to the presence of carbon nanotubes and enhanced surface area provides more active sites for the degradation reaction.

关键词： XRD Carbon nanotubes Benzoic acid Photo-degradation Visible light Rare earths

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Multistage-batch bipolar membrane electrodialysis for base production from high-salinity wastewater

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 764-773页

作者： Arif Hussain Haiyang Yan noor ul Afsar Chenxiao Jiang Yaoming Wang Tongwen Xu Department of Applied Chemistry Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BMED)is considered a state-of-the-art technology for the conversion of salts into acids and ***,the low concentration of base generated from a traditional BMED process may limit the viability of this technology for a large-scale ***,we report an especially designed multistage-batch(two/three-stage-batch)BMED process to increase the base concentration by adjusting different volume ratios in the acid(Vacid),base(Vbase),and salt compartments(Vsalt).The findings indicated that performance of the two-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:5 was superior in comparison to the threestage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:***,the base concentration could be further increased by exchanging the acid produced in the acid compartment with fresh water in the second stage-batch *** the two-stage-batch BMED,the maximum concentration of the base can be obtained up to 3.40 mol∙L^(-1),which was higher than the most reported base production by *** low energy consumption and high current efficiency further authenticate that the designed process is reliable,cost-effective,and more productive to convert saline water into valuable industrial commodities.

关键词： bipolar membrane electrodialysis multistagebatch base production high-salinity wastewater

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Female directors in the boardroom and intellectual capital performance:Does the“critical mass”matter?

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1995-2018页

作者： Hafiz Mustansar Javaid Qurat ul ain Rita D’Ecclesia Department of Social and Economic Sciences Sapienza Universitàdi RomaRomeItaly Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali‑Management&Innovation Systems/DISA‑MIS University of SalernoSalernoItaly School of Economics and Finance Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina

This research aims to investigate the influence of female directors on Intellectual Capital Performance(ICP)using a sample of manufacturing-listed companies in *** study investigates the link between having two or more female directors and the Modified Value-Added Intellectual Coefficient(MVAIC)methodology,employing the critical mass theory from 2004–*** find that having a critical mass of female directors(three or more)shows a significant positive impact on MVAIC and its components,including human capital efficiency,structural capital efficiency,relational capital efficiency,and physical capital efficiency,with physical capital being the critical *** study reveals that the critical mass participation of female directors substantially influences the IC efficiency of privately owned companies compared to state-owned ***,the number of female directors also affects the IC performance of manufacturing companies in multiple *** findings support the validity of group classification identified by Kanter and Critical Mass *** the best of our knowledge,this is one of the few pieces of research that studies the role of female board directors in IC performance and Chinese manufacturing firms using MVAIC as an IC measure.

关键词： Corporate governance Female directors Critical mass Intellectual capital State-owned enterprises(SOEs) China

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Recent trends,challenges,and perspectives in piezoelectric-driven self-chargeable electrochemical supercapacitors

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Carbon Energy 2022年第5期4卷 833-855页

作者： Karthikeyan Krishnamoorthy Parthiban Pazhamalai Sindhuja Manoharan noor ul Haq Liyakath Ali Sang-Jae Kim Nanomaterials&System Lab Major of Mechatronics EngineeringFaculty of Applied Energy SystemJeju National UniversityJejuSouth Korea Research Institute of Energy New Industry Jeju National UniversityJejuSouth Korea Nanomaterials&System Lab Major of Mechanical System EngineeringCollege of EngineeringJeju National UniversityJejuSouth Korea

The increasing demand for wearable electronic devices has resulted in tremendous progress in research on energy harvesting and storage devices/*** storage devices require a power source to charge them,whereas energy harvesting devices require a storage compartment to store the harvested energy for sustainable ***,a piezoelectrically driven self-charging supercapacitor power cell(SCSPC)was developed to harvest and store electrical energy in a solitary system to determine the potential impact of these two types of energy devices for wearable electronic *** review describes the recent advances in piezoelectric-driven SCSPCs in terms of device configuration,piezoelectric separator,electrolyte types,electrode materials,current collectors,and system *** review focuses specifically on the principles and mechanism of the self-charging process that occurred in the SCSPCs and the use of a promising piezo electrochemical spectroscopic tool to realize the piezo electrochemical energy transfer and storage process in the ***,the current challenges and new perspectives for future developments in the emerging area of SCSPCs or integrated energy devices are discussed.

关键词： electrospinning integrated energy cell mechanical energy piezoelectric separators piezoelectrochemical spectroscopy self-charging supercapacitor power cell

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Appearance Based Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition Using 3D Separable Convolutional Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 1213-1247页

作者： Muhammad Rizwan Sana ul Haq noor Gul Muhammad Asif Syed Muslim Shah Tariqullah Jan Naveed Ahmad Department of Electronics University of PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Electronics Engineering Korea Polytechnic UniversitySiheungKorea Department of Electrical Engineering Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Computer Science Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Appearance-based dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)remains a prominent area of research in Human-Computer Interaction(HCI).Numerous environmental and computational constraints limit its real-time *** addition,the performance of a model decreases as the subject’s distance from the camera *** study proposes a 3D separable Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),considering the model’s computa-tional complexity and recognition *** 20BN-Jester dataset was used to train the model for six gesture *** achieving the best offline recognition accuracy of 94.39%,the model was deployed in real-time while considering the subject’s attention,the instant of performing a gesture,and the subject’s distance from the *** being discussed in numerous research articles,the distance factor remains unresolved in real-time deployment,which leads to degraded recognition *** the proposed approach,the distance calculation substantially improves the classification performance by reducing the impact of the subject’s distance from the ***,the capability of feature extraction,degree of relevance,and statistical significance of the proposed model against other state-of-the-art models were validated using t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE),Mathew’s Correlation Coefficient(MCC),and the McNemar test,*** observed that the proposed model exhibits state-of-the-art outcomes and a comparatively high significance level.

关键词： 3D separable CNN computational complexity hand gesture recognition human-computer interaction

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