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Associated Factors of Dental Caries among Intellectually Disabled Persons in Specialized Centers of Ouagadougou

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 297-311页

作者： Jocelyne Valerie Gare Filwende Dan Kientega Ouedraogo Carole Nathaie Tenin Ouattara Seydou Kabore Wendpoulomde aime Désire Nicolas Meda Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences Department of Public Health Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences Department of Dental Surgery Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Several studies have reported a high prevalence of dental caries among the people with intellectual disabilities. In order to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors associated with it, we conducted a study in specialized centers welcoming subjects with intellectual disabilities in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with it among intellectually disabled in the specialized centers of Ouagadougou. Methods: The study was cross-sectional analytical. The survey took place between November 2020 and January 2021 among people with intellectual disabilities in reception centers receiving a grant from the Ministry of Women, National Solidarity, Family and Humanitarian Action. Data collection was done with a questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) and dental caries was recorded according to WHO criteria in decayed, missing or filled teeth generating a DMF index. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the presence of dental caries. Results: A total of 193 participants were included in the study with an average age of 12.4 years ± 7.9. The overall prevalence of caries measured with the DMF index was 58.6% 95% CI [51.2 - 65.8]. It was significantly associated with female gender (OR = 4.2;95% CI [1.4 - 12.5], p = 0,01), the clinical form of mental illness (epilepsy OR = 3.8 95%;CI [1.2 - 12.7], p = 0,02, trisomy OR = 5.0;95% CI [1.1 - 22.9], p = 0,03, motor autonomy OR = 0.2 95%;CI [0.1 - 0.7], p = 0,01) and at use of toothpaste OR = 9.33;95% CI [1.05 - 82.7], p = 0,04. Conclusion: Dental caries remains a very present pathology in most people living with an intellectual disability. Also, it is necessary to put in place prevention strategies to reduce its prevalence and improve access to oral care for these people.

关键词： Dental Caries Mental Disability Intellectual Disability Associated Factors Ouagadougou

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Assessment of the Physical Capabilities of Heart Failure Patients before and after Cardiovascular Rehabilitation: A Study of 125 Patients from West Africa, Dakar, Senegal

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第8期14卷 490-501页

作者： Aliou Alassane Ngaide Ngoné Diaba Gaye Joseph Salvador Mingou Mahugbe L. C. Houenassi Aminata Mbaye aime Mbaye Sy Fatou Aw Alassane Mbaye Abdoul Kane Faculty of Medicine Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department Dalal Jamm Hospital Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department Idrissa Pouye General Hospital Dakar Senegal

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation represents a critical therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from chronic heart failure. The physical capacity of patients with heart failure, assessed using the exercise test and the 6-minute walk test, is the measure of the patient’s overall functional ability to perform physical activities and tolerate exercise loads. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cardiac rehabilitation on patients’ physical capabilities and to conduct a thorough comparison of data obtained via exercise testing and the 6-minute walk test before and after the rehabilitation programme. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, conducted from 1 February 2021 to 31 June 2022. Included were heart failure patients who had participated in an outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation programme. The collected data included anamnestic, clinical, paraclinical data, and the 6-minute walk test. Informed consent was obtained. Data analysis, word processing, and charting were performed using Microsoft Word 2016, Excel 2013, and Sphinx version 5.***.0.2. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 24.0. Any difference less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In a Senegalese study, heart failure patients undergoing rehabilitation in a cardiac unit represented 45.59% of all cases, with a prevalence rate of 3.21%. The average participant was 57.97 years old, with those aged 61 to 70 forming the largest group (35.5%). The study noted a male predominance (sex ratio of 2.1) and identified dyslipidaemia (80.6%) and sedentarism (71%), as prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. All participants initially suffered from NYHA stage 2 or 3 dyspnoea, yet 80.65% showed no symptoms following rehabilitation. Significant improvements were recorded in resting heart rate (from 79 to 67 bpm), and the 6-minute walk test distance (from 328 m to 470 m). Enhanced exercise toleran

关键词： Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Heart Failure Physical Capabilities Quality of Life Improvement West Africa

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Phenotypic Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Class C Cephalosporinase and Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Species Isolated from Patients Consulted at Four Yaounde-Based Hospitals

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 105-119页

作者： Emilia Enjema Lyonga Mbamyah Mangum Patience Kumcho Michel Toukam Dieudonné Sedena Florence Anjabie Enyeji aime-Caesar Teukam Modestine Djuissi Martha Tongo Mesembe George Mondinde Ikomey Agnes Bedie Eyoh Hortense Kamga Gonsu Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Microbiology School of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Bacteriology Unit Yaounde University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Klebsiella spp. are bacteria of medical importance for their role in opportunistic infections which are often difficult to treat because of resistance to one or several antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance due to Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL), Class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) and carbapenemase enzymes in Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients consulted at four hospitals. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive. A total of 4190 non-repetitive patients specimens from 13 types of clinical specimens were analysed from February to November 2020. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) Klebsiella spp isolates were identified using API 20E and antimicrobial susceptibility testing done according to the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBL and AmpC phenotypes were determined by the combination disc method and carbapenemases by double disc synergy method, referenced by EUCAST guidelines for the resistance testing. Results: The frequency of the species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (69%, 155/255), K. oxytoca (14%, 31/255), K. ozaenae (12%, 27/225) and K. rhinoscleromatis (5%, 11/225). Isolates were most resistant to sulphomethoxazole trimethoprim (84%, 189/225), cepaholosporins (80%, 180/225), and least resistant to carbapenems (10.7%, 24/225). Two K. oxytoca and one K. pneumoniae were resistant to all antibiotics tested. Klebsiella pneumoniae had the most multidrug resistant isolates (59.4%, 134/225). Most isolates (83.6%, 188/225) expressed at least one enzyme, while 63.6% (143/225) of the isolates expressed at least two enzymes. Some isolates were ESBL (71.6%, 161/225), carbapenemase (10.7%, 24/225) and AmpC (6.6%, 15/225) producers. Three carbapenemases (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-KPC, Metallo-Beta Lactamase-MBL and OXA-48) were detected. Conclusion: These results revealed that resistance of Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins is high and this may be exacerbated by co-expression of AmpC and

关键词： Klebsiella Spp. Multidrug Resistance ESBL AmpC Carbapenemase

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Dietary Diversity and Food Security Status among Cameroonian Adults Living in Semi-Urban Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 548-564页

作者： Tonou Boris Ronald Tchuente Pauline Vervaine Hagbe Eliane Flore Eyenga Kemadjou Ruth Edwige Dibacto Ngassa Dany Joël Ngoumen Fotso Janvier aime Youovop Nguemto Roussel Guy Takuissu Judith Laure Ngondi Julius Enyong Oben Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Centre for Food Food Security and Nutrition Research Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaound Cameroon Center of Nutrition and Functional Foods Yaound Cameroon

Introduction: Food security is one of the greatest challenges that most African countries face. It is a concept that considers not only food quantity but also food quality. The objective of this study was to describe dietary diversity and food security status at the individual level in Cameroonian populations. Methods: A total of 1180 men and women aged 20 and over and living in the West, North West, and Littoral regions of Cameroon were recruited. Data on dietary habits were collected through the frequency of consumption of various food groups. Dietary diversity was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Food security status was determined by combining two indicators (food consumption score and individual food diversity score). Results: The mean dietary diversity score of the population was 3.53 ± 1.44, p Conclusion: The diet diversity of adults living in the West, North West, and Littoral regions of Cameroon is medium. Although half of the study population was food secure, there is a need to implement food security policies further to reduce food insecurity among the Cameroonian population.

关键词： Dietary Diversity Individual Food Security Littoral West North West Cameroon

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Sleep to Survive Predators

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第9期38卷 1114-1116页

作者： Mattia aime Antoine R.Adamantidis Department of Neurology Zentrum für Experimentelle NeurologieInselspital University Hospital Bern3010BernSwitzerland Department of Biomedical Research University of Bern3010BernSwitzerland

Sleep is a reversible behavioral state characterized by a higher arousal threshold and transient disconnection from the external ***,sleeping organisms show lowered behavioral responsiveness to sensory stimuli(such as sound,touch,and smell)in the experimental environment[1]that contrastswithheightenedauditory-evokedneuronal responses recorded in the cortex in rodents and non-human primates[2,3].These reports support the hypothesis of sensory gating,as found during sleep spindles,that ultimately preserves sleep from external ***,this strongly contrasts to the high vulnerability to predation associated with sleep states in the natural environment.

关键词： evoked auditory cortex

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Diabetes and Hypertension Are Associated with Food Insecurity in a Cameroonian Population: A Case-Control Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 1-21页

作者： Boris Ronald Tonou Tchuente Pauline Vervaine Hagbe Hippolyte Tene Mouafo Janvier aime Fotso Youovop Ousmane Mfopou Mbiondi Javeres Leonel Ntepe Mbah Roussel Guy Nguemto Takuissu Raissa Francoise Ntentie Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa Judith Laure Ngondi Julius Oben Enyong Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Centre for Food Food Security and Nutrition Research Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Laboratory of Human Metabolism and Non-Communicable Disease Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Yaounde Cameroon Higher Teacher’s and Training College University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Center of Nutrition and Functional Foods Yaounde Cameroon

Diabetes and hypertension are the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. Recent studies showed an increase in the prevalence of food insecurity in our country. The aim of this study was to assess how food insecurity affects the dietary habits, socio-demographic characteristics and metabolic profile of individuals with diabetes or hypertension. This case-control study was conducted among diabetic and hypertensive participants (cases) and diabetic and hypertensive normal (controls) during the screening campaigns for nutrition-related chronic diseases. The sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical parameters of the participants were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with diabetes and hypertension in the study population. Bivariate analyses showed that male gender (OR = 1.972;95% CI: 1.250 - 3.089), regular alcohol consumption (OR = 2.012;95% CI: 1.294 - 3.130), low fruit consumption (OR = 1.590;95% CI: 1.016 - 2.488), low dietary diversity (OR = 2.915;95% CI: 1.658 - 5.127) and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.893, CI 95% 1.203 - 2.978) were significantly associated with hypertension. In addition, low fruit consumption (OR = 1.829;95% CI 1.092 - 3.064), low legume consumption (OR = 3.515;95% CI 1.861 - 6.635), and hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 2.241, 95% CI 1.139 - 4.408) were significantly associated with diabetes. The indirect association observed between food insecurity and diabetes and hypertension suggests the need for nutritional policies aimed at popularizing the production and consumption of fruits and legumes. Similarly, health services need to be aware and informed of the important role that food insecurity can play in the development of diabetes and hypertension.

关键词： Food Insecurity Diabetes Hypertension Cameroon

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The Economic Cooperation in Trade between East African Community and China

The Economic Cooperation in Trade between East African Commu...

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作者： aime Jesus Umuhoza 郑州大学

学位级别：硕士

本文主要探讨东非共同体与中国之间的贸易伙伴关系。本研究揭示了每个东非共同体国家的主要特征和东非共同体国家与中国的贸易发展脉络,说明了中国在东非共同体的存在对共同体福利的影响,并提出了改善东非共同体国家中国间贸易的建议。... 详细信息

本文主要探讨东非共同体与中国之间的贸易伙伴关系。本研究揭示了每个东非共同体国家的主要特征和东非共同体国家与中国的贸易发展脉络,说明了中国在东非共同体的存在对共同体福利的影响,并提出了改善东非共同体国家中国间贸易的建议。东非共同体由6个国家组成,分别是布隆迪、肯尼亚、卢旺达、南苏丹、坦桑尼亚和乌干达。它位于非洲东部,多年来正变得越来越强大。东非共同体国家与中国在许多领域都有良好的合作,但本文的重点是贸易。为了便于了解东非共同体国家与中国双边贸易的发展,本文采用贸易强度指数分析2000-2019年东非共同体与中国的贸易伙伴关系。结果表明,近年来中国与东非共同体的双边贸易虽然有波动,但总体上是增长的。然而,研究还发现东非共同体仍然对中国有贸易逆差,同时指出了东非共同体与中国双边贸易中存在的问题,并提出了有针对性的对策和建议。东非共同体与中国之间的贸易伙伴关系对中国和东非共同体的公民有良好的影响,它极大地帮助了东非共同体的贸易增长。近年来,良好的贸易伙伴关系促进了东非共同体的收入增长,东非共同体的经济增长态势也越来越好。

关键词：东非共同体中国贸易贸易强度指数

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Evaluation of root traits and water use efficiency of different cotton genotypes in the presence or absence of a soil-hardpan

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 945-953页

作者： Ricardo St aime Grace Rhodes Michael Jones BTodd Campbell Sruthi Narayanan Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Medical University of South Carolina SC 29425USA Pee Dee Research and Education Center Clemson UniversityFlorenceSC 29506USA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain SoilWater and Plant Conservation ResearchFlorenceSC 29501USA

Cotton(Gossypium spp.) is an important fiber and oil crop grown worldwide. Water and nutrient stresses are major issues affecting cotton production globally. Root traits are critical in improving water and nutrient uptake and maintaining plant productivity under optimal as well as drought ***, root traits have rarely been utilized in cotton breeding programs, a major reason being the lack of information regarding genetic variability for root traits. The objective of this research was to evaluate ten selected cotton genotypes for root traits and water use efficiency. The tested genotypes included germplasm lines(PD 1 and PD 695) and cultivars that are currently grown in the southeastern USA(PHY 499 WRF, PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, DP 1646 B2 XF, DP 1538 B2 XF, DP 1851 B3 XF, NG5007 B2 XF, and ST 5020 GLT). Experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in 2018 and 2019. A hardpan treatment was included in the second year to evaluate the effect of a soil hardpan on root traits and water use efficiency. Genotype PHY 499 WRF ranked at the top and NG5007 B2 XF ranked at the bottom for root morphological traits(total and fine root length, surface area,and volume) and root weight. PHY 499 WRF was also one of the best biomass producers and had high water use efficiency. PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, and PD-1 were the other best genotypes in terms of root traits and water use efficiency. All genotypes had higher values for root traits and water use efficiency under hardpan conditions. This trend indicates a horizontal proliferation of root systems when they incur a stress imposed by a hardpan. The genotypic differences identified in this research for root traits and water use efficiency would be valuable for selecting genotypes for cotton breeding programs.

关键词： Cotton Root traits Water use efficiency Hardpan Genetic variability

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超轻多孔泡沫金属平板热管的传热性能研究

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中国电机工程学报 2013年第2期33卷 72-78页

作者：纪献兵徐进良 Abanda aime Marthial 薛强新能源电力系统国家重点实验室(华北电力大学) 北京市昌平区102206

以水、乙醇和丙酮为工质,以超轻多孔泡沫金属为毛细吸液芯构造了新型的平板热管,并对其传热性能进行了实验研究。研究了填充工质、充液比、热管放置角度及加热功率等因素对平板热管传热性能的影响。结果表明以超轻多孔泡沫金属为毛细吸... 详细信息

以水、乙醇和丙酮为工质,以超轻多孔泡沫金属为毛细吸液芯构造了新型的平板热管,并对其传热性能进行了实验研究。研究了填充工质、充液比、热管放置角度及加热功率等因素对平板热管传热性能的影响。结果表明以超轻多孔泡沫金属为毛细吸液芯可以显著强化平板热管的传热能力,具有优异的均温性能,扩展了平板热管承载高热流密度的能力,可达200W/cm2以上,并减小了平板热管的热阻,热阻最小可达0.09℃/W。在3种工质中,水为最佳工质选择,且当充液比为30%时具有较好的换热效果。

关键词：泡沫金属吸液芯平板热管传热热阻

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泡沫金属作为毛细层的风冷型平板环路热管传热性能研究

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中国电机工程学报 2012年第32期32卷 58-63,10页

作者：薛强纪献兵 Abanda aime Marthial 徐进良新能源电力系统国家重点实验室(华北电力大学) 北京市昌平区102206

该文研究了以水为工质及最终热沉采用风冷的平板型环路热管,其蒸发腔采用凹槽微结构并叠加压缩铜泡沫。实验研究加热功率、热管倾斜角度及充液比对环路热管热性能的影响,获得了环路热管各部件的温度分布及不同运行条件下的热性能数据。... 详细信息

该文研究了以水为工质及最终热沉采用风冷的平板型环路热管,其蒸发腔采用凹槽微结构并叠加压缩铜泡沫。实验研究加热功率、热管倾斜角度及充液比对环路热管热性能的影响,获得了环路热管各部件的温度分布及不同运行条件下的热性能数据。结果表明:当充液比为50%及倾斜角度为270时,环路热管的热性能最佳。当加热功率为110 W时,环路热管蒸发受热面最高温度可控制在85℃以下,能满足大功率发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)等电子设备冷却的需要。

关键词：泡沫金属多孔毛细层风冷环路热管传热

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