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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Diagnostic Features in a Limited Resource Country, Senegal

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第1期10卷 137-146页

作者： B. Niang F. Ly A. Ba A. Mbaye D. Boiro P. M. faye Y. J. Dieng A. Sow A. Thiongane I. D. Ba L. Thiam A. L. fall O. Ndiaye Albert Royer National Children Hospital University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Pikine Hospital Centre University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Dalal Diam Hospital Centre University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Abass Ndao Hospital Centre University of Dakar Dakar Senegal La Paix Hospital University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal

Introduction:?Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by enzymatic deficiencies in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids. The most common 21-hydroxylase deficiency is characterized by a cortisol deficiency and an excess of androgens, with or without aldosterone deficiency. In our countries, in the absence of neonatal screening, the diagnosis is most often late leading to life-threatening complications. The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic features of CAH at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital (ARNCH) in Dakar.?Patients and method:?We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study carried out at the pediatric endocrinology department of ARNCH from 2015 to 2019. All children aged under 15 with a form of CAH were included. Socio-demographic data, family history, clinical and biochemical data at presentation were collected. Patients were noted as presenting with Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD) with dehydration, DSD without dehydration, dehydration without DSD, precocious puberty. The Prader’s scale was used to determine the degree of external virilization. These data were entered and analyzed with Epi Info version 7.2.?Results:?A total of 32 patients were included, representing 74.41% of the causes of disorder of sexual development (DSD) and 84.21% of the causes of adrenal insufficiency. These were 27 girls (84.37%) and 5 boys (15.63%). The mean age was 19 ± 34.6 months. DSD was the main finding (87.5%). It was associated with dehydration in 22 cases (68.75%). 21-hydroxylase deficiency represented 93.75% of the cases with salt wasting in 73.33% of the cases.?Conclusion:?The diagnosis of CAH was delayed leading to life-threatening adrenal crises. In the absence of neonatal screening for CAH in Senegal, there is a need to train healthcare workers to recognize neonates with DSD early and refer them timeously for specialist care.

关键词： Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Disorder of Sexual Development Adrenal Insufficiency Senegal

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Reconstruction Technology of Flexible Structure Shape Based on FBG Sensor Array and Deep Learning Algorithm

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2022年第2期16卷 179-194页

作者： Kelong Huang Jie Yan Lei Zhang faye Zhang Mingshun Jiang Qingmei Sui Control Science and Engineering Academy Shandong UniversityJinan250012China

A structural displacement field reconstruction method is proposed to aim at the problems of deformation mon-itoring and displacement field reconstruction of flexible plate-like structures in the aerospace *** method combines the deep neural network model of the cross-layer connection structure with the fiber grating sensor *** paper first introduces the principle of strain detection of fiber grating sensor,studies the mapping relationship between strain and displacement,and proposes a strain-displacement conversion model based on an improved neural *** the intelligent structure deformation monitoring system is *** controlling the stepping distance of the motor to produce different deformations of the plate structure,the strain information and real displacement information are obtained based on the high-density fiber grating sensor network and the dial indicator ***,based on the deformation prediction model obtained by training,the displacement field reconstruction of the structure under different deformation states is *** results show that the mean absolute error of the deformation of the measuring points obtained by this method is less than 0.032 *** method is feasible in theory and practice and can be applied to the deformation monitoring of aerospace vehicle structures.

关键词： Plate structure visual reconstruction fiber Bragg grating sensor neural networks

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Cervical Spine Cord Injury Associated with Klippel-Feil Syndrome: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第4期11卷 138-145页

作者： Roger Mulumba Ilunga Mohameth faye Abdoulaye Diop Nicaise Akodjetin Mahougnon Sodjinou Vital Nacoulma Department of Neurosurgery Regional Hospital Center of Thiès Thiès Senegal Department of Neurosurgery Regional Hospital of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal

Background: Klippel Feil syndrome (KFS) is a congenital malformation characterised by the presence of, at least, one fused cervical segment and results from faulty segmentation along the embryo’s developing axis during weeks 3 - 8 of gestation. The KFS increases the risk for spinal cord injury after minor trauma as a result of the disturbance of the biomechanics of the cervical spine. Persons with KFS often have associated congenital anomalies. aim: The purpose of this study was to show the surgical management difficulties of this pathology in a low income country such as Senegal and to make a review of the literature. Case presentation: A 32-year-old man developed a tetraparesis secondary to a fall from his height while carrying a bag of rice on his head. Radiological explorations revealed fusedC2-C3 and C4-C5 vertebral bodies with a C3-C4 disc herniation associated to a spine contusion. The patient underwent surgical removal of the herniated disc via an anterior approach followed by interbody fusion and anterior plating. A complete recovery was noted at 4 months follow-up. Conclusion: Understanding of the cervical spine biomechanics of Klippel-Feil anomaly may allow an optimal management of patients. Patients with KFS should be warned of the increased risk of spinal cord injury after a low velocity trauma. Timing for surgery should be shortened.

关键词： Klippel-Feil Spinal Cord Injury Cervical Disc Herniation

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Primary Immune Deficiencies (PID): Diagnosis Challenges

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期11卷 388-392页

作者： Indou Deme/ly Awa Kane Mame Sokhna Gueye Ibrahima Diop Mame Tene Ndiaye Abou Ba Idrissa Demba Ba Babacar Niang Aliou Thiongane Yaay Joor Dieng Yaye Fatou Mbodj/Diop Ouafae Achnin Papa Moctar faye Amadou Lamine fall Ibrahima Diagne Tandakha Ndiaye Dièye Ousmane Ndiaye Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital Center Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal National Blood Transfusion Center Dakar Senegal Health Science Unit Gaston Berger University Saint -Louis Senegal

Background: Primary Immune Deficiencies (PID) are rare, under-determined diseases particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The diagnosis is often suspected with uncommon clinical signs. Infections are the main diagnostic circumstances in infants. Confirmation is often difficult because some additional examinations are unavailable in many of our countries. Aim: Our aim was to share the challenge of diagnosis and treatment in PID. Case Presentation: It is about two infants, a boy and a girl, with early several infections. Both of them presented a hypo-gammaglobulinemia and to the boy, the immuno-phenotyping lymphocyte showed a decreased level of lymphocytes CD19. We are looking for genetic confirmation but it is not easy. The treatment of these infants requires a substitution for life of immunoglobulin which is unavailable in our countries. Conclusion: PID are suspected with atypical clinical signs. Confirmation genetic diagnosis is difficult in low income countries. To improve the follow up, we need to strengthen clinical-biological collaboration.

关键词： Primary Immune Deficiencies Hypo-Gammaglobulinemia Infants

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Cartography of Landslide Susceptibility around the Dias Horst and Thies Cliff-Senegal

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第6期8卷 821-836页

作者： Issa Ndoye Mapathé Ndiaye Déthié Sarr Papa Sanou faye Ibrahima Khalil Cissé Laboratoire de Mécanique et Modélisation UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols et des Matériaux Ecole Polytechnique de Thiès Thiès Sénégal

The aim of this work is to map the susceptibility of sites to landslides. To assess the susceptibility of the zone, GIS techniques were used. Susceptibility factors are selected and split into two groups: active and passive factors. Passive factors regroup all the intrinsic conditions existing on the field at all times. The active factors or triggering factors are present sporadically and are added to the passive factors to trigger a landslide. With the weighted overlay method using ArcGIS?, four scenarios have been developed. A first scenario where only passive factors are combined and three scenarios for which we have for each scenario the passive factors combined with an active factor. With these different scenarios, five levels of susceptibility are obtained in the zone. These levels range from very low to very high susceptibility. For the different scenarios, the results show that the zone consists mainly of very low to low susceptibility with at least 61% of the area, followed by moderate susceptibility (23.54% to 38.24%) and last land with high susceptibility to very high with less than 1% of the surface. Fields with high to very high susceptibility are located on the slopes of the hills. Among the active factors, only the rainfall significantly modifies the percentage of land susceptible to landslide but remains in the field of moderate susceptibility. The predicted susceptibilities are closer to the observed landslides around the Thies Cliff than to the Dias Horst.

关键词： Cartography Susceptibility Landslides Dias Horst Thies Cliff

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Enhancing Precision in Radiotherapy Delivery: Validating Monte Carlo Simulation Models for 6 MV Elekta Synergy Agility LINAC Photon Beam Using Two Models of the GAMOS Code

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第2期14卷 146-163页

作者： Nogaye Ndiaye Oumar Ndiaye Papa Macoumba faye Kodjo Joël Fabrice N’Guessan Djicknack Dione Khady Sy Moussa Hamady Sy Jean Paul Latyr faye Alassane Traoré Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao Institute of Applied Nuclear Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal International Cancer Center of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The most crucial requirement in radiation therapy treatment planning is a fast and accurate treatment planning system that minimizes damage to healthy tissues surrounding cancer cells. The use of Monte Carlo toolkits has become indispensable for research aimed at precisely determining the dose in radiotherapy. Among the numerous algorithms developed in recent years, the GAMOS code, which utilizes the Geant4 toolkit for Monte Carlo simula-tions, incorporates various electromagnetic physics models and multiple scattering models for simulating particle interactions with matter. This makes it a valuable tool for dose calculations in medical applications and throughout the patient’s volume. The aim of this present work aims to vali-date the GAMOS code for the simulation of a 6 MV photon-beam output from the Elekta Synergy Agility linear accelerator. The simulation involves mod-eling the major components of the accelerator head and the interactions of the radiation beam with a homogeneous water phantom and particle information was collected following the modeling of the phase space. This space was po-sitioned under the X and Y jaws, utilizing three electromagnetic physics mod-els of the GAMOS code: Standard, Penelope, and Low-Energy, along with three multiple scattering models: Goudsmit-Saunderson, Urban, and Wentzel-VI. The obtained phase space file was used as a particle source to simulate dose distributions (depth-dose and dose profile) for field sizes of 5 × 5 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2 at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm in a water phantom, with a source-surface distance (SSD) of 90 cm from the target. We compared the three electromagnetic physics models and the three multiple scattering mod-els of the GAMOS code to experimental results. Validation of our results was performed using the gamma index, with an acceptability criterion of 3% for the dose difference (DD) and 3 mm for the distance-to-agreement (DTA). We achieved agreements of 94% and 96%, respective

关键词： GAMOS Monte Carlo LINAC Radiotherapy Dose Distribution Phase Space Gamma Index 6 MV Photon Beam

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Effects of different inputs of organic matter on the response of plant production to a soil water stress in Sahelian region

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Natural Science 2012年第12期4卷 969-975页

作者： Abdoulaye Badiane Ndeye Yacine Badiane Ndour Fatou Guèye Saliou faye Ibrahima Ndoye Dominique Masse Research Center IRD-ISRA-UCAD of Bel-Air Laboratory of Soil Microbial Ecology and Tropical Agrosystems Dakar Senegal Research Centre IRD-ISRA Bel-Air National Laboratory for Research on Crop Production Dakar Senegal University Cheikh Anta Diop Department of Plant Biology Dakar Senegal

The aim was to study the effects of organic management like the application of organic matters on crop production. This research is placed in the context of climate change impact mitigation. A field experiment was conducted during the dry season. Rainfall inputs were simulated by irrigation to study the effects of water stress during the flowering period of a grain on the agronomic and the physiological behavior of the plant. The measurements were made on the volumetric soil moisture, stomatal conductance, and leaf area index (LAI), grain yield, straw and weight of 100 grains. The water use efficiency (WUE) and yield losses were evaluated. The results of the volumetric soil moisture showed that the use of localized input under water stress (STR-T1) recorded the lowest moisture in the surface horizons. Treatment with localized input under water stress with or without fertilization (STR-T1, STR-T1 + N) showed an ability of stomatal regulation compared to the control (STR- T0) and the input application by spreading (STR- T2). (STR-T1 + N) has initiated an early stomatal closure of the plant because of the effect of nitrogen. However, despite a more pronounced water stress with stomatal closure, the LAI and the grain yield were greater with (STR-T1) and (STR-T1 + N). The results showed that the inputs of localized organic fertilization with or without nitrogen grain yields were the highest regardless of the hydric regime applied. However the losses of grain yield were higher in treatments with organic inputs in spreading and localized under water stress. The WUE by the crop was reduced compared to the control with organic inputs under STR. In this study we show that the use of organic matter increases de farmers risk and this notion of risk is high and it is necessary to consider this risk in the proposals of technical innovations.

关键词： Organic Matter Water Stress Volumetric Soil Moisture Stomatal Conductance Leaf Area Index

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Thoracolumbar Spine Fracture-Dislocation without Neurological Deficit: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第5期11卷 153-163页

作者： Roger Mulumba Ilunga Abdoulaye Diop Mohameth faye Vital Nacoulma Nicaise Akodjetin Mahougnon Sodjinou Momar Codé Ba Department of Neurosurgery Regional Hospital Center of Thiès Thiès Senegal Department of Neurosurgery Regional Hospital of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Department of Neurosurgery National Teaching Hospital of Fann Dakar Senegal

Background: Thoracolumbar spine fracture-dislocations are very unstable and usually secondary to high energy trauma. Due to disruption of the entire vertebrae columns, the absence of neurological deficit is exceptional. Aim: The purpose of this work is to report our experience in the management of this entity in a context of limited resources and to make a review of the literature. Case presentation: A 30-year-old man was admitted with a severe low back pain after a traffic accident. Neurological functions were intact after examination. Radiological assessments revealed a complete L3-L4 fracture-dislocation. The patient underwent an open posterior reduction and internal long segment fixation. The post-operative was marked by a surgical site infection treated with surgical debridement and targeted antibiotic therapy. The neurological functions were preserved. Conclusion: Fracture-dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine are caused by high energy trauma and are remarkably unstable lesions. When they are associated with intact neurorological functions, reduction and stabilization of these fractures are a challenge.

关键词： Spine Fracture-Dislocation Thoracolumbar Spine Spine Surgery Trauma

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Histopathological study of the kidney after administration of methanolic extract of roots of <i>Leptadenia hastata</i>in the Albino Wistar rat

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Open Journal of Pathology 2020年第2期10卷 67-75页

作者： Mama Sy Diallo Fatoumata Bah Chérif Mouhamed Dial Cheikh Diop Oumar faye Matar Seck Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Toxicology and Hydrology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Laboratory Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Introduction: the roots of Leptadenia hastata, (L hastata) are remedies from the Senegalese pharmacopoeia and are as widely used as the leaves. However, few researchers have devoted themselves to their toxicity, unlike the leaves. However, in the traditional pharmacopoeia, the indications for use are very different. The aim of our study was to study the effect of the administration of methanolic extracts of roots of L hastata on renal tissue, using an animal model. Materials and Methods: a cohort of 18 rats was studied with a random distribution of the animals in 3 groups (n = 6). The first group was the control group. The treated groups (Group II and III) received the methanolic extract of L. hastata with an administration of 500 mg / kg / day and 1000 mg / kg / day respectively, for 28 days. Results: The dose of 1000 mg / kg / day was lethal in group III, from the first week in females. Serum creatinine was significantly higher in rats given the root extract. There was kidney damage with vacuolar degeneration starting at 500 mg / kg / day. The lesions were more severe in group III with glomerular involvement characterized by retraction in the renal corpuscles. Conclusion: If the leaves of L hastata seem to be safe for consumption according to the majority of authors in the literature, the roots of this same plant could be harmful. In addition to the lethality observed at the doses tested, the lesions in the renal parenchyma would be dose-dependent.

关键词： Leptadenia hastata Renal Toxicity Phytotherapy Vacuolar Degeneration

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Semen Abnormality Patterns and Parameters in Male Partners of Infertile Couples in Dakar (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Urology 2015年第9期5卷 155-160页

作者： Mama Sy Diallo Abdoulaye Séga Diallo Pyrrhus Fotso Yoro Diallo Babacar Diao Oumar faye Laboratory of Cytogenetic and Reproductive Biology University Teaching Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal Department of Urology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Thies Thies Senegal Urology and Andrology Unit University Teaching Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Inter individual variation for semen on analysis is well known. Therefore, Semen profile is not the same in individuals from different geographic locations, environments, ways of life, and populations. It is important for a laboratory to have an idea of the semen profile of its population, especially for those who present with infertility. The aim of this study was to draw the pattern of semen abnormalities in male partner of infertile couple in Dakar, Senegal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of all the semen samples of male partners of infertile couples submitted for analysis in the laboratory of Cytogenetic and Reproductive Biology of Dakar at the University Teaching hospital from January 2013 to June 2014. Results: A total of 262 male semen analyses were reported. Analysis was performed according to WHO, 2010 manual for examination of human semen. Our study reveals that 80.9% of men in infertile couples present an abnormality in sperm pattern. The main one is oligo-astheno-terato-necrozoospermia (20.2%), followed by azoospermia, (14.1%), astheno-necrospermia (10.3%) and astheno-terato-necro-zoospermia (10.3%). Leucocytospermia was found in 57.8%. Teratozoospermia (80.9%) was the most associated abnormality, followed by necrozoospermia (76.2%). Low sperm count under 5 million per ml concerned 27.7% of the patients, and 11.2% patients had low ejaculate volume. Nearly 42.1% of the male partners are potential candidates for Assisted Reproductive Technology for male infertility. Conclusion: The high rate of semen abnormality in patients of infertile couples and consequently the high rate of potential candidates to Assisted Reproductive Technology for male infertility are important reasons for taking into account rigorously the male subject if we want to improve fertility rate in our context. The pattern of the specific abnormalities found is precious clues to guide management of these patients.

关键词： Semen Parameters Male Infertility ART

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