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A Pooling Method Developed for Use in Convolutional Neural Networks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 751-770页

作者： Ìsmail akgül Departmant of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureErzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincan24002Turkiye

In convolutional neural networks,pooling methods are used to reduce both the size of the data and the number of parameters after the convolution of the *** methods reduce the computational amount of convolutional neural networks,making the neural network more *** pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods are generally used in convolutional neural ***,these pooling methods are not suitable for all datasets used in neural network *** this study,a new pooling approach to the literature is proposed to increase the efficiency and success rates of convolutional neural *** method,which we call MAM(Maximum Average Minimum)pooling,is more interactive than other traditional maximum pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods and reduces data loss by calculating the more appropriate pixel *** proposed MAM pooling method increases the performance of the neural network by calculating the optimal value during the training of convolutional neural *** determine the success accuracy of the proposed MAM pooling method and compare it with other traditional pooling methods,training was carried out on the leNet-5 model using CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100,and MNIST *** to the results obtained,the proposed MAM pooling method performed better than the maximum pooling,average pooling,and minimum pooling methods in all pool sizes on three different datasets.

关键词： Pooling convolutional neural networks deep learning

Predictors of surgical complications in boys with hypospadias:data from an international registry

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第4期6卷 217-223页

作者： Kathryn Scougall Jillian Bryce Federico Baronio Rachel l Boal Jose Roberto Castera Sebastián Castro Tim Cheetham Eduardo Correa Costa Feyza Darendeliler Justin H Davies Mirjam Dirlewanger Gabriella Gazdagh Evgenia Globa Gil Guerra-Junior Tulay Guran Gloria Herrmann Paul-Martin Holterhus ahsen karagözl.akgül.renata markosyan Kenneth McElreavey Marcio lopes Miranda Anna Nordenstrom Stuart O’Toole Sukran Poyrazoglu Gianni Russo Valerie Schwitzgebel Marianna Stancampiano Michael Steigert S Faisal Ahmed Angela K lucas-Herald University of Glasgow GlasgowUK IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S Orsola BolognaItaly Great North Children's Hospital Newcastle Upon TyneUK Hospital de Ninos Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos AiresArgentina Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre Porto AlegreBrazil Istanbul University IstanbulTurkey Southampton Children's Hospital SouthamptonUK University Hospital of Geneva GenevaSwitzerland Ukrainian Research Center of Endocrine Surgery Endocrine Organs and Tissue Transplantation KyivUkraine State University of Campinas CampinasBrazil Marmara University IstanbulTurkey University Medical Centre UlmGermany University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel KielGermany Marmara University Faculty of Medicine IstanbulTurkey Yerevan State Medical University Endocrinology Clinic YerevanArmenia Institut Pasteur ParisFrance Karolinska University Hospital StockholmSweden Royal Hospital for Children GlasgowUK IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele MilanoItaly Graubunden Cantonal Hospital ChurSwitzerland

Background Complications are frequently reported after hypospadias repair and there is a need to understand the factors that influence their *** Data from boys with hypospadias born between 2000 and 2020 were obtained from the International Disorders of Sex Development(l-DSD)*** regressions,fisher's exact tests and spearman's correlation tests were performed on the data to assess associations between clinical factors and complication *** Of the 551 eligible boys,data were available on 160(29%).Within the cohort,the median(range)External Masculinization Score(EMS)was 6(2,9).All presented with one or more additional genital malformation and 61(38%)presented with additional extragenital *** of androgen action,androgen synthesis and gonadal development were diagnosed in 28(18%),22(14%)and 9(6%)boys,*** remaining 101(62%)patients were diagnosedas having non-specific 46,XY Disorders of Sex ***(50%)boys had evidence of abnormal biochemistry,and gene variants were identified in 42(26%).Median age at first hypospadias surgery was 2 years(0,9),and median length of follow-up was 5 years(0,17).Postsurgical complications were noted in 102(64%)*** were no significant associations with postsurgical *** Boys with proximal hypospadias in the I-DSD Registry have high rates of additional comorbidities and a high risk of postoperative *** clinical factors were significantly associated with complication *** complication rates with no observable cause suggest the involvement of other factors which need investigation.

关键词： complications surgical involvement

Estimation of peak runoff and frequency in an ungauged stream of a forested watershed for flood hazard mapping

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 555-564页

作者： Refik karagül Tar?k ?itgez Department of Forest Engineering Faculty of ForestryDuzce University Konuralp Campus

Kaynasli District in the western Black Sea region of Turkey has long been vulnerable to frequent flood damage due to the establishment of settlements within and around stream channels without regard to fluctuating peakstreamflow frequencies. The aim of this research was to determine the measures needed to protect the towns and villages from this type of damage. Daily total precipitation data for 1975–2010 were analysed, and rainfall-runoff models developed to estimate the potential yearly maximum discharge from each stream of sub-watersheds dominated by forests and/or agriculture. This was then calculated for different frequencies of the yearly maximum discharge. Flood analysis and mapping was modified via the one-dimensional Hydrologic Engineering CentersRiver Analysis System software to produce potential maximum discharge and geometric data for Kaynasli Creek. As the main creek of the sub-watershed, its crosssection was shown to be insufficient and incapable of containing the maximum discharge at the 100-year frequency presumed for the watershed, and subsequently was seen as having a high level of casualty risk. It was concluded that the one dimensional model could be useful, but 2D models were more suitable for these types of watersheds.

关键词： Flood frequency analysis Floodplain mapping Flow simulation Hydrologic Engineering Centers-River Analysis System(HEC-RAS) Soil Conservation Service Curve Number(SCS-CN)

Effects of different growing media on the cut flower performances of oriental two lilium varieties

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 85-92页

作者： Özgül karagüzel Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute Vegetables and Ornamental Plants DepartmentMinistry of Agriculture and ForestryAntalya 07100Turkey

In this study,six different growing media(peat+pumice:1:1,v/v;peat+perlite:1:1,v/v;rice hull+pumice:1:2,v/v;coarse sand+peat:2:1,v/v;soil;and cocopeat)were evaluated for their effects on the plant growth and flower quality of the oriental‘Siberia’and‘Vespucci’lily *** hundred and twenty bulbs were planted in perforated plastic crates and placed in an unheated *** physical and chemical properties of the growing media were *** number of days to flowering,plant height,the number of flowers,fresh stem weight,the number of leaves and vase life were investigated in the *** results indicated that the use of soilless growing media significantly affected plant growth and flower quality when compared with *** obtained values varied by substrate *** earliest flowering time(154.78 d)and the longest plant height(120.82 cm in the‘Siberia’variety)were determined in peat+pumice,whereas the largest number of flowers(7 flowers in Siberia;5.67 flowers in Vespucci)and the highest stem weight(266.13 g in Vespucci;353.91 g in Siberia)were recorded in *** vase life of the plants grown in soil was longer than that of the plants grown in the soilless *** the number of leaves,rice hull+pumice(57.42 leaves)and sand+peat(54.46 leaves)gave the best results.

关键词： lilium varieties growing media plant growth flower quality

Beginning from the end:the presynaptic terminal as a pathomechanism hub in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3217-3218页

作者： laura Huggon Emma l.Clayton UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College london LondonUK Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry Psychology&NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK

Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:Frontotemporal dementia(F T D)and amyo t rophic lateral sclerosis(AlS)are neurodegenerative diseases with significant overlapping *** these neurodegenerative diseases affect different neuronal populations(with FTD affecting neurons of the frontal and temporal lobes,and AlS affecting upper and lower motor neurons),these two diseases are complexly *** and AlS exist on a disease spectrum,with shared genetic causes,clinical presentations,and pathologies.

关键词： diseases amyotrophic sclerosis

The effect of caloric restriction on genetical pathways

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第5期12卷 1450-1457页

作者： Mustafa Fevzi karagöz A.Gülçin Sağdıçoğlu Celep Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and DieteticsGazi UniversityÇankaya 06490Turkey

Energy restriction is defined as reducing nutrient intake without dragging the organism into malnutrition. Energy restriction is preferred because it is a non-genetic intervention that increases life expectancy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD~+)and adenosine monophosphate(AMP)levels, which are the indicators of intracellular energy deficiency, increase with energy restriction. The increase in NAD~+ level stimulates sirtuin(SIRT)enzymes, and the increase in AMP level stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK). Various mechanisms are regulated by stimulating these enzymes. By Forkhead box O(FoxO)transcription factors, the ability of resistance to oxidative stress increases, and antioxidant genes, DNA repair, and autophagy genes are stimulated. Apoptosis is induced by stimulation of the p53 protein, and tumor growth is suppressed by the disruption of aging cells. The suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)-/-Akt, and therefore mTOR signal stimulates autophagy and mitophagia, and cleanses damaged cells and organelles. Mitochondrial biogenesis is stimulated, antioxidant capacity increases, and inflammatory response decreases. Adipose tissue and lipid metabolism are regulated by the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. As a consequence, the effects of caloric restriction on cellular metabolism are regulated through the genetic pathways.

关键词： Caloric restriction Energy restriction Sirtuin AMPK Mitochondrial biogenesis

A Novel Hybrid Model Based on Machine and Deep learning Techniques for the Classification of Microalgae

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第9期92卷 2519-2534页

作者： Volkan Kaya İsmail akgül Özge Zencir Tanır Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureErzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincan24100Türkiye Department of Biology Faculty of Arts and ScienceErzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityErzincan24100Türkiye

Classification and monitoring of microalgae species in aquatic ecosystems are important for understanding population ***,manual classification of algae is a time-consuming method and requires a lot of effort with expertise due to the large number of families and genera in its *** recognition of microalgae species has become an increasingly important research area in image recognition in recent *** this study,machine learning and deep learning methods were proposed to classify images of 12 different microalgae species in order to successfully classify algae cells.8 Different novel models(MobileNetV3Small-lr,MobileNetV3Small-Rf,MobileNetV3Small-Xg,MobileNetV3large-lr,MobileNetV3large-Rf,MobileNetV3large-Xg,Mobile-NetV3Small-Improved and MobileNetV3large-Improved)have been proposed to classify these microalgae *** these proposed model structures,the best classification accuracy rate was 92.22%and the loss rate was 0.72,obtained from the MobileNetV3large-Improved model *** addition,as a result of the experimental results obtained,metrics such as the confusion matrix,which can meet the experts in the correct diagnosis of microalgae species,were also *** research may in the future open a new avenue for the development of a cost-effective,highly sensitive computer-based system for the use of image analysis and deep learning techniques for the identification and classification of different microalgae.

关键词： Machine learning deep learning transfer learning microalgae classification

Kinematic and morphometric evidence for recent reactivation of the Kale-Yeşilyurt fault zone within the East Anatolian Fault System

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第12期21卷 4149-4176页

作者： Elif akgÜN Fırat University Department of Geological Engineering Elazığ23119Türkiye

The Kale-Yeşilyurt Fault Zone(KYFZ)exhibits recent tectonic reactivation,which is critical for understanding regional seismicity and the geodynamic evolution of the East Anatolian Fault System(EAFS).This study integrates kinematic and morphometric analyses to explore the reactivation processes along the *** analysis,incorporating fault-slip data and stress inversion,reveals complex deformation patterns characterized by strike-slip and extensional movements,with NE-SW trending minimum stress *** 6,2023,earthquake sequence highlighted significant stress accumulation along the Kale-Yeşilyurt and Göksun *** and morphometric analyses,including mountain front sinuosity(Smf)and drainage basin analysis,suggest variable uplift rates and tectonic forces,with an asymmetric westward-directed uplift along the ***-HC index analysis underscores rapid uplift,particularly in the western basin,signaling ongoing tectonic and geomorphic *** normalized channel steepness index(Ksn)values reveal variations in erosion rates,providing insight into regional uplift patterns and knickpoint *** morphometric indicators collectively point to high tectonic activity along the Yeşilyurt segment,the Kale segment exhibits particularly intense activity with a dominant normal fault *** 2020 Sivrice earthquake and the 2023 earthquake doublet further emphasize the structural complexity of the fault system and underscore the KYFZ’s pivotal role in the active tectonics of the *** research incorporating advanced geospatial technologies is vital for improving our understanding of tectonic processes,mitigating earthquake hazards,and enhancing seismic risk assessments.

关键词： Kinematic analyses Morphometric analyses Kale-Yeşilyurt Fault Zone(KYFZ) East Anatolian Fault System(EAFS)

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica l.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage