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ASSERT:attack synthesis and separation with entropy redistribution towards predictive cyber defense

Cybersecurity 2019年第1期2卷 253-270页

作者： ahmet okutan Shanchieh Jay Yang Computer Engineering Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNYUSA

The sophistication of cyberattacks penetrating into enterprise networks has called for predictive defense beyond intrusion detection,where different attack strategies can be analyzed and used to anticipate next malicious actions,especially the unusual ***,traditional predictive analytics or machine learning techniques that require training data of known attack strategies are not practical,given the scarcity of representative data and the evolving nature of *** paper describes the design and evaluation of a novel automated system,ASSERT,which continuously synthesizes and separates cyberattack behavior models to enable better prediction of future *** takes streaming malicious event evidences as inputs,abstracts them to edge-based behavior aggregates,and associates the edges to attack models,where each represents a unique and collective attack *** follows a dynamic Bayesian-based model generation approach to determine when a new attack behavior is present,and creates new attack models by maximizing a cluster validity *** generates empirical attack models by separating evidences and use the generated models to predict unseen future *** continuously evaluates the quality of the model separation and triggers a re-clustering process when *** the use of 2017 National Collegiate Penetration Testing Competition data,this work demonstrates the effectiveness of ASSERT in terms of the quality of the generated empirical models and the predictability of future actions using the models.

关键词： Cyber security Dynamic bayesian classifier Clustering KL divergence

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Forecasting cyberattacks with incomplete,imbalanced,and insignificant data

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Cybersecurity 2018年第1期1卷 263-278页

作者： ahmet okutan Gordon Werner Shanchieh Jay Yang Katie McConky Computer Engineering Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNYUSA Industrial&Systems Engineering Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNYUSA

Having the ability to forecast cyberattacks before they happen will unquestionably change the landscape of cyber warfare and cyber *** work predicts specific types of attacks on a potential victim network before the actual malicious actions take *** challenge to forecasting cyberattacks is to extract relevant and reliable signals to treat sporadic and seemingly random acts of *** paper builds on multi-faceted machine learning solutions and develops an integrated system to transform large volumes of public data to aggregate signals with imputation that are relevant and predictive of cyber incidents.A comprehensive analysis of the individual parts and the integrated whole demonstrates the effectiveness and trade-offs of the proposed *** 16-months of reported cyber incidents by an anonymized victim organization,the integrated approach achieves up to 87%,90%,and 96% AUC for forecasting endpoint-malware,malicious-destination,and malicious-email attacks,*** assessed month-by-month,the proposed approach shows robustness to perform consistently well,achieving F-Measure between 0.6 and *** framework also enables an examination of which unconventional signals are meaningful for cyberattack forecasting.

关键词： Cyber security Forecasting Unconventional signals

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Treatment of knee osteochondritis dissecans with autologous tendon transplantation:Clinical and radiological results

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第11期12卷 867-876页

作者： ahmet Ugur Turhan Sezgin Acil Orkun Gul Kerim Oner ahmet Emin okutan Muhammet Salih Ayas Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of MedicineTrabzon 61080Turkey Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Tirebolu State HospitalGiresun 28100Turkey Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Medical Park Trabzon HospitalTrabzon 61080Turkey Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Samsun Training and Research HospitalSamsun 55100Turkey Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Erzurum Regional Training and Research HospitalErzurum 25070Turkey

BACKGROUND Defect treatment with tendon autograft in osteochondral lesions has been published in the literature with an experimental study in *** demonstrate that it is possible to treat knee osteochondral lesions with the technique of autologous tendon *** To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients with knee osteochondral lesions who were treated with autologous tendon *** Twenty patients(22 knees)with osteochondritis dissecans(OCD)lesions involving the knee were treated with autologous tendon transplantation between *** lesions were International Cartilage Repair Society grade *** patients were evaluated clinically at final follow-up with knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score(KOOS);and radiologically with magnetic resonance observation and cartilage repair tissue(MOCART)and Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)*** A total of 20 patients(22 knees)with a mean age of 25.5±6.8 years were *** average defect size was 4.2±2.1 cm^(2),and the average defect depth was 0.9±0.4 *** KOOS score was preoperatively 29.4±5.5 and was later found to be 81.5±5.9 after an average of 68.7±37.7 mo *** mean MOCART score was 56.2±***,all of the patients had KL grades of 0-1;during the follow-up period,80% of the patients showed no radiological progress of *** with less than 4 cm^(2) lesion had statistically significantly better overall KOOS than patients whose more than 4 cm^(2) lesion,particularly in sport and quality of life *** The autologous tendon transplantation is a single-step,safe,simple,cost-effective method for the treatment of knee OCD with satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes,particularly in patients with less than 4 cm^(2) lesion.

关键词： Osteochondritis dissecans Knee Tendon Transplantation Autologous Peroneus

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Values of high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in managements of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第3期10卷 381-384页

作者： Oguzhan okutan Zafer Kartaloglu ahmet Ilvan Ali Kutlu Erkan Bozkanat Emir Silit GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital Department of Pulmonary DiseasesIstanbulTurkey Gumussuyu Military Hospital Department of Pulmonary DiseasesIstanbulTurkey GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital Department of RadiologyIstanbulTurkey

AIM:To investigate pulmonary involvement via pulmonary function tests (PFT) and high-resolution computed tomocjraphy (HRCT) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS:Thirty-four patients with chronic HCV infection without diagnosis of any pulmonary diseases and 10 healthy cases were enrolled in the study,PFT and HRCT were performed in all cases. RESULTS:A decrease lower than 80% of the predicted value was detected in vital capacity in 9/34 patients,in forced expiratory volume in one second in 8/34 patients,and in forced expiratory flow 25-75 in 15/34 patients,*** monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) was decreased in 26/34 *** of interstitial pulmonary involvement were detected in the HRCT of 16/34 *** difference was found between controls and patients with HCV infection in findings of HRCT (X^2=4.7,P=0.003).Knodell histological activity index (KHAI) of 28/34 patients in whom liver biopsy was applied was 9.0±*** findings,PFT values and DLCO were not affected by KHAI in patients with HCV *** these patients,all the parameters were related with age. CONCLUSION:We suggest that chronic hepatitis C virus infection may cause pulmonary interstitial involvement without evident respiratory symptoms.

关键词： Respiratory Function Tests Tomography, X-Ray Computed Adult Aged Female Hepatitis C, Chronic Humans Lung Diseases Male Middle Aged

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