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A Parallel Hybrid Testing Technique for Tri-Programming Model-Based Software Systems

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4501-4530页

作者： Huda Basloom Mohamed Dahab Abdullah Saad AL-Ghamdi Fathy Eassa ahmed mohammed alghamdi Seif Haridi Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSweden

Recently,researchers have shown increasing interest in combining more than one programming model into systems running on high performance computing systems(HPCs)to achieve exascale by applying parallelism at multiple *** different programming paradigms,such as Message Passing Interface(MPI),Open Multiple Processing(OpenMP),and Open Accelerators(OpenACC),can increase computation speed and improve *** the integration of multiple models,the probability of runtime errors increases,making their detection difficult,especially in the absence of testing techniques that can detect these *** studies have been conducted to identify these errors,but no technique exists for detecting errors in three-level programming *** the increasing research that integrates the three programming models,MPI,OpenMP,and OpenACC,a testing technology to detect runtime errors,such as deadlocks and race conditions,which can arise from this integration has not been ***,this paper begins with a definition and explanation of runtime errors that result fromintegrating the three programming models that compilers cannot *** the first time,this paper presents a classification of operational errors that can result from the integration of the three *** paper also proposes a parallel hybrid testing technique for detecting runtime errors in systems built in the C++programming language that uses the triple programming models MPI,OpenMP,and *** hybrid technology combines static technology and dynamic technology,given that some errors can be detected using static techniques,whereas others can be detected using dynamic *** hybrid technique can detect more errors because it combines two distinct *** proposed static technology detects a wide range of error types in less time,whereas a portion of the potential errors that may or may not occur depending on the 4502 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 operating environme

关键词： Software testing hybrid testing technique OpenACC OpenMP MPI tri-programming model exascale computing

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Recognition of Urdu Handwritten Alphabet Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2967-2984页

作者： Gulzar ahmed Tahir Alyas Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Usman Ashraf ahmed mohammed alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science University of South AsiaLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Handwritten character recognition systems are used in every field of life nowadays,including shopping malls,banks,educational institutes,*** is the national language of Pakistan,and it is the fourth spoken language in the ***,it is still challenging to recognize Urdu handwritten characters owing to their cursive *** paper presents a Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)model to recognize Urdu handwritten alphabet recognition(UHAR)offline and online *** research contributes an Urdu handwritten dataset(aka UHDS)to empower future works in this *** offline systems,optical readers are used for extracting the alphabets,while diagonal-based extraction methods are implemented in online ***,our research tackled the issue concerning the lack of comprehensive and standard Urdu alphabet datasets to empower research activities in the area of Urdu text *** this end,we collected 1000 handwritten samples for each alphabet and a total of 38000 samples from 12 to 25 age groups to train our CNN model using online and offline ***,we carried out detailed experiments for character recognition,as detailed in the *** proposed CNN model outperformed as compared to previously published approaches.

关键词： Urdu handwritten text recognition handwritten dataset convolutional neural network artificial intelligence machine learning deep learning

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Optimized Evaluation of Mobile Base Station by Modern Topological Invariants

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 363-378页

作者： Khalid Hamid Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Usman Ashraf ahmed mohammed alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Due to a tremendous increase in mobile traffic,mobile operators have started to restructure their networks to offload their *** directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future Fifthgeneration(5G)cellular *** the formal reason,the study solves the physical network of the mobile base station for the prediction of the best characteristics to develop an enhanced network with the help of graph *** number that can be uniquely calculated by a graph is known as a graph *** the last two decades,innumerable numerical graph invariants have been portrayed and used for correlation *** any case,no efficient assessment has been embraced to choose,how much these invariants are connected with a network *** paper will talk about two unique variations of the hexagonal graph with great capability of forecasting in the field of optimized mobile base station topology in setting with physical *** K-banhatti sombor invariants(KBSO)and Contrharmonic-quadratic invariants(CQIs)are newly introduced and have various expectation characteristics for various variations of hexagonal graphs or *** the hexagonal networks are used in mobile base stations in layered,forms called *** review settled the topology of a hexagon of two distinct sorts with two invariants KBSO and CQIs and their reduced *** deduced outcomes can be utilized for the modeling of mobile cellular networks,multiprocessors interconnections,microchips,chemical compound synthesis and memory interconnection *** results find sharp upper bounds and lower bounds of the honeycomb network to utilize the Mobile base station network(MBSN)for the high load of traffic and minimal traffic also.

关键词： Hexagonal networks k-banhatti sombor invariants maple network graph artificial intelligence contraharmonic-quadratic invariants honeycomb

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K-Banhatti Sombor Invariants of Certain Computer Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 15-31页

作者： Khalid Hamid Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Abaid Ur Rehman Virk Muhammad Usman Ashraf ahmed mohammed alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of SialkotSialkot51013Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Any number that can be uniquely determined by a graph is called a graph *** the last twenty years’countless mathematical graph invariants have been characterized and utilized for correlation ***,no reliable examination has been embraced to decide,how much these invariants are related with a network graph or molecular *** this paper,it will discuss three different variants of bridge networks with good potential of prediction in the field of computer science,mathematics,chemistry,pharmacy,informatics and biology in context with physical and chemical structures and networks,because k-banhatti sombor invariants are freshly presented and have numerous prediction qualities for different variants of bridge graphs or *** study solved the topology of a bridge graph/networks of three different types with two invariants KBanhatti Sombor Indices and its reduced *** deduced results can be used for the modeling of computer networks like Local area network(LAN),Metropolitan area network(MAN),and Wide area network(WAN),backbone of internet and other networks/structures of computers,power generation,bio-informatics and chemical compounds synthesis.

关键词： Bridge networks invariants k-banhatti sombor indices maple network graph molecular graph

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Leaching Fraction (LF) of Irrigation Water for Saline Soils Using Machine Learning

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1915-1930页

作者： Rab Nawaz Bashir Imran Sarwar Bajwa Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Usman Ashraf ahmed mohammed alghamdi Adel ABahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadVehari CampusPakistan Department of Computer Science and IT Islamia University BahawalpurPakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior University Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Soil salinity is a serious land degradation issue in *** is a major threat to agriculture *** irrigation water is applied to leach down the salts from the root zone of the plants in the form of a Leaching fraction(LF)of irrigation *** the leaching process to be effective,the LF of irriga-tion water needs to be adjusted according to the environmental conditions and soil salinity level in the form of Evapotranspiration(ET)*** relationship between environmental conditions and ET rate is hard to be deﬁned by a linear relationship and data-driven Machine learning(ML)based decisions are required to determine the calibrated Evapotranspiration(ETc)***-assisted ETc is pro-posed to adjust the LF according to the ETc and soil salinity level.A regression model is proposed to determine the ETc rate according to the prevailing tempera-ture,humidity,and sunshine,which would be used to determine the smart LF according to the ETc and soil salinity *** proposed model is trained and tested against the Blaney Criddle method of Reference evapotranspiration(ETo)*** validation of the model from the test dataset reveals the accu-racy of the ML model in terms of Root mean squared errors(RMSE)are 0.41,Mean absolute errors(MAE)are 0.34,and Mean squared errors(MSE)are 0.28 mm *** applications of the proposed solution in a real-time environ-ment show that the LF by the proposed solution is more effective in reducing the soil salinity as compared to the traditional process of leaching.

关键词： Leaching fraction saline soil evapotranspiration machine learning calibrated evapotranspiration artiﬁcial intelligence blaney criddle method

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Knowledge Attitude and Practice about Water-Pipe Smoking among Saudi Population

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第3期8卷 58-72页

作者： Reema Fahad Abdulrahman Alnumair Amal Hussain mohammed Ali Hussam ahmed mohammed alghamdi Department of Medical Laboratories College of Applied Medical Sciences Qassim University Qassim Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Water pipe smoking has been practiced extensively for about 400 years. Water pipe smoking is common in the Saudi Arabia. Water-pipe smoking exposes smokers to high levels of tobacco and toxins. An observational and cross-sectional survey carried among 1170 participants to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice about water-pipe smoking among Saudi population. Data was collected and obtained by the online questionnaire that has been created in Google form and then published in different social media platforms over a period from September 2019 to November 2019. The data were entered in Excel and analyzed in EpiInfo7 statistical software to get descriptive statistics. Results: About 70% were females and 30% male, 43% of them are university students with 83% in the age group of the 18 - 25 high participants. Low knowledge of Carbon monoxide poisoning effects = 78%, While 54% of the participants showed low knowledge about infectious disease transmitted by water-pipe. The Knowledge about water pipe contents and carbon monoxide poisoning was low. Further efforts will be necessary to increase the level of awareness among participants in Saudi Arabia regarding water pipe contents and carbon monoxide poisoning.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Practice Water-Pipe Smoking Saudi

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A Novel Database Watermarking Technique Using Blockchain as Trusted Third Party

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1585-1601页

作者： ahmed S.alghamdi Surayya Naz Ammar Saeed Eesa Al Solami Muhammad Kamran mohammed Saeed Alkatheiri Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahKSA Abdul Wali Khan University MardanPakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusWah CanttPakistan

With widespread use of relational database in various real-life applications,maintaining integrity and providing copyright protection is gaining keen interest of the *** this purpose,watermarking has been used for quite a long *** requires the role of trusted third party and a mechanism to extract digital signatures(watermark)to prove the ownership of the data under *** is often inefficient as lots of processing is ***,certain malicious attacks,like additive attacks,can give rise to a situation when more than one parties can claim the ownership of the same data by inserting and detecting their own set of watermarks from the same *** solve this problem,we propose to use blockchain technology—as trusted third party—along with watermarking for providing a means of rights protection of relational *** blockchain for writing the copyright information alongside watermarking helps to secure the watermark as changing the blockchain is very *** way,we combined the resilience of our watermarking scheme and the strength of blockchain technology—for protecting the digital rights information from alteration—to design and implement a robust scheme for digital right protection of relational ***,we also discuss how the proposed scheme can also be used for version *** proposed technique works with nonnumeric features of relational database and does not target only selected tuple or portion(subset)from the database for watermark embedding unlike most of the existing techniques;as a result,the chances of subset selection containing no watermark decrease *** proposed technique employs zerowatermarking approach and hence no intentional error(watermark)is added to the original *** results of the experiments proved the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： Watermarking blockchain digital copyright protection relational databases security

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Fabrication and characterization of gold nano particles for DNA biosensor applications

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2016年第5期27卷 801-806页

作者： ahmed Mishaal mohammed Chemistry Department College of Science Anbar University Institutes of Nano Electronic Engineering University Malaysia Perlis

This research involves the preparation ofa biosensor using silicon oxide for biomedical applications, and its effective use for the detection of target DNA hybridization. An electrochemical DNA biosensor was successfully fabricated by using （3-aminopropyl） tri-ethoxysilane （APTES） as a linker molecule combined with gold nanoparticles （GNPs） on a thermally oxidized 5i02 thin film. The size of the GNPs was calculated by utilizing UV-vis data with an average calculated particle size within the range of 30 - 5 nm, and characterization by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The GNP-modified SiO2 thin films were electrically characterized through the measurement of capacitance, permittivity and conductivity using a low-cost dielectric analyzer. The capacitance, permittivity and conductivity profiles of the fabricated sensor clearly differentiated DNA immobilization and hybridization.

关键词： Gold nanoparticlesElectrochemical DNA hybridization Dielectric analyzer

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Cyberattack Detection Framework Using Machine Learning and User Behavior Analytics

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第2期44卷 1679-1689页

作者： Abdullah Alshehri Nayeem Khan Ali Alowayr mohammed Yahya alghamdi Information Technology Department Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyAl Baha UniversityAl Baha65799Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Faculty of Science and Arts at BuljurashiAl Baha UniversityAl Baha65799Saudi Arabia

This paper proposes a novel framework to detect cyber-attacks using Machine Learning coupled with User Behavior *** framework models the user behavior as sequences of events representing the user activities at such a *** represented sequences are thenﬁtted into a recurrent neural network model to extract features that draw distinctive behavior for individual ***,the model can recognize frequencies of regular behavior to proﬁle the user manner in the *** subsequent procedure is that the recurrent neural network would detect abnormal behavior by classifying unknown behavior to either regu-lar or irregular *** importance of the proposed framework is due to the increase of cyber-attacks especially when the attack is triggered from such sources inside the *** detecting inside attacks are much more challenging in that the security protocols can barely recognize attacks from trustful resources at the network,including ***,the user behavior can be extracted and ultimately learned to recognize insightful patterns in which the regular patterns reﬂect a normal network workﬂ*** contrast,the irregular patterns can trigger an alert for a potential *** framework has been fully described where the evaluation metrics have also been *** experimental results show that the approach performed better compared to other approaches and AUC 0.97 was achieved using RNN-LSTM *** paper has been concluded with pro-viding the potential directions for future improvements.

关键词： Cybersecurity deep learning machine learning user behavior analytics

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YOLO and Blockchain Technology Applied to Intelligent Transportation License Plate Character Recognition for Security

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第12期77卷 3697-3722页

作者： Fares Alharbi Reem Alshahrani mohammed Zakariah Amjad Aldweesh Abdulrahman Abdullah alghamdi Department of Computer Science College of Computing and ITShaqra UniversityShaqra15526Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and ITTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia College of Computer and Information Science King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Privacy and trust are significant issues in intelligent transportation systems(ITS).Data security is critical in ITS systems since sensitive user data is communicated to another user over the internet through wireless devices and routes such as radio channels,optical fiber,and blockchain *** Internet of Things(IoT)is a network of connected,interconnected *** issues occasionally arise due to the amount of data ***,they have been primarily addressed by blockchain and smart contract *** there are still security issues with smart contracts,primarily due to the complexity of writing the code,there are still many challenges to consider when designing blockchain designs for the IoT *** study uses traditional blockchain technology with the“You Only Look Once”(YOLO)object detection method to accurately locate and identify license *** YOLO and blockchain technologies used for intelligent vehicle license plate recognition are promising,they have received limited research ***-time object identification and recognition would be possible by combining a cutting-edge object detection technique with a regional convolutional neural network(RCNN)built with the tensor flow core open source *** method works reasonably well for identifying any license *** Automatic License Plate Recognition(ALPR)approach delivered outstanding results in various ***,with a recognition rate of 96.2%,our system(UFPR-ALPR)surpassed the previously used technology,consisting of 4500 frames and around 150 ***,a deep learning algorithm was trained to recognize images of license plate numbers using the UFPR-ALPR ***,the license plate’s characters were complicated for standard methods to identify because of the shifting lighting *** proposed model,however,produced beneficial outcomes.

关键词： Intelligent transportation system blockchain technology license plate recognition privacy YOLO deep learning technique ALPR

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