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Primary gastroduodenal tuberculosis presenting as gastric outlet obstruction:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第8期12卷 1536-1543页

作者： Abdihamid mohamed Ali Yahye Garad mohamed Abdirahman ahmed Mohamud Abdulkadir Nor mohamed mohamed Rage ahmed Ismail Mohamud Abdullahi Tuba Saydam Department of General Surgery Mogadishu Somali Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research HospitalMogadishu 2526Somalia Department of Radiology Mogadishu Somali TurkeyTraining and Research HospitalMogadishu 2526Somalia Department of Pathology Mogadishu Somali Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research HospitalMogadishu 2526Somalia

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)is the causative agent of TB,a chronic granulo-matous illness.This disease is prevalent in low-income countries,posing a significant global health challenge.Gastrointestinal TB is one of the three forms.The disease can mimic other intra-abdominal conditions,leading to delayed diagnosis owing to the absence of specific symptoms.While gastric outlet obs-truction(GOO)remains a frequent complication,its incidence has declined with the advent of proton pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.Gastroduodenal TB can cause upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,obstruction,and malignancy-like tumors.CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old male presented with recurrent epigastric pain,distension,nausea,vomiting,and weight loss,prompting a referral to a gastroenterologist clinic.Endoscopic examination revealed distorted gastric mucosa and signs of chronic inflammation.However,treatment was interrupted,possibly owing to vomiting or comorbidities such as human immunodeficiency virus infection or diabetes.Subsequent surgical intervention revealed a dilated stomach and diffuse thickening of the duodenal wall.Resection revealed gastric wall effacement with TB.CONCLUSION Primary gastric TB is rare,frequently leading to GOO.Given its rarity,suspicions should be promptly raised when encountering relevant symptoms,often requiring surgical intervention for diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Tuberculosis Gastrointestinal tuberculosis Gastric outlet obstruction Gastroduodenal tuberculosis Case report

Evaluation of urea breath test as a diagnostic tool for Helicobacter pylori infection in adult dyspeptic patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2302-2307页

作者： Zeinab Nabil ahmed Said Asmaa mohamed El-Nasser Department of Medical Microbiology&Immunology Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar UniversityNasr City 11754CairoEgypt

In this editorial,we discuss the article in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The article conducts a meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the urea breath test(UBT),a non-invasive method for detecting Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection in humans.It is based on radionuclide-labeled urea.Various methods,both invasive and non-invasive,are available for diagnosing H.pylori infection,inclu-ding endoscopy with biopsy,serology for immunoglobulin titers,stool antigen analysis,and UBT.Several guidelines recommend UBTs as the primary choice for diagnosing H.pylori infection and for reexamining after eradication therapy.It is used to be the first choice non-invasive test due to their high accuracy,specificity,rapid results,and simplicity.Moreover,its performance remains unaffected by the distribution of H.pylori in the stomach,allowing a high flow of patients to be tested.Despite its widespread use,the performance characteristics of UBT have been inconsistently described and remain incompletely defined.There are two UBTs available with Food and Drug Administration approval:The 13C and 14C tests.Both tests are affordable and can provide real-time results.Physicians may prefer the 13C test because it is non-radioactive,compared to 14C which uses a radioactive isotope,especially in young children and pregnant women.Although there was heterogeneity among the studies regarding the diagnostic accuracy of both UBTs,13C-UBT consistently outperforms the 14C-UBT.This makes the 13C-UBT the preferred diagnostic approach.Furthermore,the provided findings of the meta-analysis emphasize the significance of precise considerations when choosing urea dosage,assessment timing,and measurement techniques for both the 13C-UBT and 14C-UBT,to enhance diagnostic precision.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Urea breath test Diagnosis Diagnostic test accuracy Meta-analysis

Computed tomography for the prediction of oesophageal variceal bleeding:A surrogate or complementary to the gold standard?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第3期16卷 98-101页

作者： Yasser fouad mohamed Alboraie Department of Gastroenterology and Endemic Medicine Minia UniversityMinia 19111Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Al-Azhar UniversityCairo 11451Egypt

In this editorial we comment on the in-press article in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal endoscopy about the role of computed tomography(CT)for the prediction of esophageal variceal bleeding.The mortality and morbidity are much increased in patients with chronic liver diseases when complicated with variceal bleeding.Predicting the patient at a risk of bleeding is extremely important and receives a great deal of attention,paving the way for primary prophylaxis either using medical treatment including carvedilol or propranolol,or endoscopic band ligation.Endoscopic examination and the hepatic venous pressure gradient are the gold standards in the diagnosis and prediction of variceal bleeding.Several non-invasive laboratory and radiological examinations are used for the prediction of variceal bleeding.The contrast-enhanced multislice CT is a widely used non-invasive,radiological examination that has many advantages.In this editorial we briefly comment on the current research regarding the use of CT as a non-invasive tool in predicting the variceal bleeding.

关键词： Computed tomography Esophageal varices Bleeding Non-invasive predictor Endoscopy

Mafic and felsic magmatism in the Wadi Kalalat area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt: mineralogy, geochemistry and geodynamic evolution during the Neoproterozoic in the Nubian Shield

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 150-173页

作者： Adel A.Surour ahmed A.Madani mohamed A.El-Sobky Faculty of Science Galala UniversityNew Galala CitySuez 43511Egypt Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt Egyptian Mineral Resources Authority P.O.Box 11517AbbasiyaCairoEgypt

In the south Eastern Desert of Egypt,two contrasting types of magmatism(mafic and felsic) are recorded in the Wadi Kalalat area,and form the Gabal El Motaghiarat and Gabal Batuga intrusions,respectively.The two intrusions post-dates ophiolitic and arc associations represented by serpentinite and metagabbro-diorite,respectively.The mafic intrusion has a basal ultramafic member represented by fresh peridotite,which is followed upward by olivine gabbro and anorthositic or leucogabbro.This mafic intrusion pertains to the Alaskan-type mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS)being of tholeiitic nature and emplaced in a typical arc setting.On the other hand,the Gabal Batuga intrusion comprises three varieties of fresh A-type granites of high K-calc alkaline nature,which is peraluminous and garnetbearing in parts.A narrow thermal aureole in the olivine gabbro of the mafic intrusion was developed due to the intrusion of the Batuga granites.This results in the development of a hornfelsic melagabbro variety in which the composition changed from tholeiitic to a calc-alkaline composition due to the addition of S_(i)O_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),alkalis,lithosphile elements(LILEs) such as Rb(70 ppm) and Y(28 ppm) from the felsic intrusion.Outside the thermal aureole,Rb amounts 2-8 ppm and Y lies in the range <2-6ppm.It is believed that the Gabal Batuga felsic intrusion started to emplace during the waning stage of an arc system,with transition from the pre-collisional(i.e.,arc setting) to post-collisional and within plate settings.Magma from which the Gabal Batuga granites were fractionated is high-K calc-alkaline giving rise to a typical post-collisional A-type granite(A_(2)-subtype) indicating an origin from an underplating crustal source.Accordingly,it is stressed here that the younger granites in the ANS are not exclusively post-collisional and within-plate but most likely they started to develop before closure of the arc system.The possible source(s) of mafic magmas that resulted in the formation of the two intru

关键词： Wadi Kalalat Gabal El Motaghairat mafic intrusion Gabal Batuga felsic intrusion Arc setting Post-collision Within-plate

The impact of chemotherapy-naïve open radical cystectomy delay and perioperative transfusion on the recurrence-free survival: A perioperative parameters-based nomogram

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 294-303页

作者： ahmed M.Harraz ahmed Elkarta mohamed H.Zahran ahmed Mosbah Atallah A.Shaaban Hassan Abol-Enein Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura UniversityEgypt

Objective: To develop and internally validate a nomogram to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) including the time to radical cystectomy (RC) and perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) as potential predictors.Methods: Patients who underwent open RC and ileal conduit between January 1996 to December 2016 were split into developing (n=948) and validating (n=237) cohorts. The time to radical cystectomy (TTC) was defined as the interval between the onset of symptoms and RC. The regression coefficients of the independent predictors obtained by Cox regression were used to construct the nomogram. Discrimination, validation, and clinical usefulness in the validation cohort were assessed by the area under the curve, the calibration plot, and decision curve analysis.Results: In the developing dataset, the 1-, 5-, and 10-year RFS were 83.0%, 47.2%, and 44.4%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, independent predictors were TTC (hazards ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.08, p<0.001), PBT (one unit: HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.90, p=0.03;two or more units: HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.29-2.29, p<0.001), bilateral hydronephrosis (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.21-1.97, p<0.001), squamous cell carcinoma (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45-0.81, p=0.001), pT3-T4 (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.41-2.22, p<0.001), lymph node status (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.21-1.95, p<0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.62, p=0.044). The areas under the curve in the validation dataset were 79.3%, 69.6%, and 76.2%, for 1-, 5-, and 10-year RFS, respectively. Calibration plots showed considerable correspondence between predicted and actual survival probabilities. The decision curve analysis revealed a better net benefit of the nomogram.Conclusion: A nomogram with good discrimination, validation, and clinical utility was constructed utilizing TTC and PBT in addition to standard pathological criteria.

关键词： Radicalcystectomy Blood transfusion Time to radical cystectomy Survival Nomogram

Comparative study between three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts for antimicrobial applications

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 594-605页

作者： mohamed S.Selim ahmed M.Azzam mohamed A.Shenashen Shimaa A.Higazy Bayaumy B.Mostafa Sherif A.El-Safty National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS) 1-2-1 SengenTsukuba-ShiIbaraki-Ken 305-0047Japan Petroleum Application Department Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteNasr City 11727Egypt Department of Environmental Research Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt

The design of nanostructured materials occupies a privileged position in the development and management of affordable and effective technology in the antibacterial sector.Here,we discuss the antimicrobial properties of three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts materials of graphene oxide(GO),reduced graphene oxide(RGO),and single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)that have a mechano-bactericidal effect,and the ability to piercing or slicing bacterial membranes.To demonstrate the significance of size,morphology and composition on the antibacterial activity mechanism,the designed nanomaterials have been characterized.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),standard agar well diffusion,and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GO,RGO,and SWCNTs.Based on the evidence obtained,the three carbonaceous materials exhibit activity against all microbial strains tested by completely encapsulating bacterial cells and causing morphological disruption by degrading the microbial cell membrane in the order of RGO>GO>SWCNTs.Because of the external cell wall structure and outer membrane proteins,the synthesized carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative and fungal microorganisms.RGO had the lowest MIC values(0.062,0.125,and 0.25 mg/mL against B.subtilis,S.aureus,and E.coli,respectively),as well as minimum fungal concentrations(0.5 mg/mL for both A.fumigatus and C.albicans).At 12 hr,the cell viability values against tested microbial strains were completely suppressed.Cell lysis and death occurred as a result of severe membrane damage caused by microorganisms perched on RGO nanoblades.Our work gives an insight into the design of effective graphene-based antimicrobial materials for water treatment and remediation.

关键词： Antimicrobial properties Nanoblades Mechano-bactericidal effect RGO nanosheets Gram-positive bacteria Cell viability

Standardization of meibomian gland dysfunction in an Egyptian population sample using a non-contact meibography technique

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 61-65页

作者： ahmed mohamed Karara Zeinab El-Sanabary Mostafa Ali El-Helw Tamer ahmed Macky Mohamad Amr Salah Eddin Abdelhakim Department of Ophthalmology Kasr Al-Ainy HospitalCairo UniversityCairo 11431Egypt

AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.

关键词： Egyptian population meibomian gland dysfunction non-contact meibography standardization upper lid

Gastroesophageal reflux after per-oral endoscopic myotomy:Management literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2947-2953页

作者： ahmed Tawheed Ibrahim Halil Bahcecioglu Mehmet Yalniz mohamed El-Kassas Department of Endemic Medicine Faculty of MedicineHelwan UniversityCairo 11795Egypt Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineFirat UniversityElazig 23119Türkiye Liver Disease Research Center College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 7805Saudi Arabia

In this editorial,we respond to a review article by Nabi et al,in which the authors discussed gastroesophageal reflux(GER)following peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM).POEM is presently the primary therapeutic option for achalasia,which is both safe and effective.A few adverse effects were documented after POEM,including GER.The diagnostic criteria were not clear enough because approximately 60%of patients have a long acid exposure time,while only 10%experience reflux symptoms.Multiple predictors of high disease incidence have been identified,including old age,female sex,obesity,and a baseline lower esophageal sphincter pressure of less than 45 mmHg.Some technical steps during the procedure,such as a lengthy or full-thickness myotomy,may further enhance the risk.Proton pump inhibitors are currently the first line of treatment.Emerging voices are increasingly advocating for the routine combining of POEM with an endoscopic fundoplication method,such as peroral endoscopic fundoplication or transoral incisionless fundoplication.However,more research is necessary to determine the safety and effectiveness of these procedures in the long term for patients who have undergone them.

关键词： Achalasia Per-oral endoscopic myotomy Gastroesophageal reflux disease Transoral incisionless fundoplication Peroral endoscopic fundoplication

Exploring dielectric phenomena in sulflower-like nanostructures via Monte Carlo technique

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 188-198页

作者： N Saber Z Fadil Hussein Sabbah A Mhirech B Kabouchi L Bahmad Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane Siva Sankar Sana Hassan fouad mohamed Hashem Laboratory of Condensed Matter and Interdisciplinary Sciences(LaMCScI) Research Unit Labelled CNRSTURL-CNRST-17.Faculty of SciencesPO Box 1014Mohammed V University in RabatMorocco College of Engineering and Technology American University of the Middle EastEgaila 54200Kuwait School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea Applied Medical Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityPO Box 11433Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Dental Health College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityPO Box 12372RiyadhSaudi Arabia

This research focuses on the electric behavior of a mixed ferrielectric sulflower-like nanostructure.The structure includes a core with spin S^(Z)_(i)-1 atoms and a shell with spinσ^(Z)_(j)-5/2 atoms.The Blume–Capel model and the Monte Carlo technique(MCt)with the Metropolis algorithm are employed.Diagrams are established for absolute zero,investigating stable spin configurations correlated with various physical parameters.The MCt method explores phase transition behavior and electric hysteresis cycles under different physical parameters.

关键词： sulfower-like nanostructure dielectric characteristics Monte Carlo technique phase transition phase diagrams electric hysteresis