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Selected Aspects of Cam.l Im.une System.and Im.une Responses

Open Journal of Veterinary m.dicine 2021年第6期11卷 177-211页

作者： Saeed Y. al Ram.dan Kazem.T. al-m.ham.ed Salem.Ibrahim.H. alshubaith ahmed m. al-ali Salah Abohelaika m.ham.ed S. m.qbel ahmed m. alluwaim. Departm.nt of Anatom. College of Veterinary Medicine King Faisal University Al-Ahsaa Saudi Arabia Anim.l Resources m.nagem.nt Ministry of Environment Water and Agriculture Al-Ahsaa Saudi Arabia Environm.ntal Health Departm.nt Al-Ahsaa Municipality Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia Central Biotechnology Laboratory Veterinary Teaching Hospital College of Veterinary Medicine King Faisal University Al-Ahsaa Saudi Arabia Clinical Pharm.cology Departm.nt Qatif Central Hospital Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Parasitology College of Veterinary Medicine King Faisal University Al-Ahsaa Saudi Arabia

The cam.l econom. is of considerable im.ortance for arid countries. In the last decade, studies about cam.l im.une system.and im.une responses have recorded increasing interest. However, drawing a com.rehensive pictur... 详细信息

The cam.l econom. is of considerable im.ortance for arid countries. In the last decade, studies about camel immune system and immune responses have recorded increasing interest. However, drawing a comprehensive picture of the camel immune system remains far from reached. A major part of this review is to cover the studies of the primary and secondary immune organs and the markers of the camel immune cells and certain lymphoid tissues. At the same time, immune responses to different diseases and the nature of effective immunity were included, with an emphasis on the most important zoonotic diseases in camels such as MERS CoV;brucellosis. New findings on the diversity mechanisms of camel immunoglobulin genes were addressed. However, detail of the mechanism of MHC-restricted cellular immunity and the mechanism of B lymphocyte activation in camels await further attention. Interestingly, the gross and the histological structure of the lymphoid tissues of the camel’s thymus, tonsils, and peyer’s patches have indicated significant differences from other animals in terms of structure and function. The most peculiar CD expression, such as LPAM-I, MAdCAM-1 and CX3CR1, in certain camel cells and tissues refers to possible extraordinary mechanisms of immune hemostasis in camel in m.ly:"">com.arison to other rum.nants. The widely applied im.unodiagnostic techniques to control cam.l diseases and to assist in im.roving the cam.l resistance were considered. Extensive studies of the cam.l im.une system.were greatly ham.ered by lack of specific reagents to cam.l m.rkers and low funds in the field of cam.l i

关键词： Cam.l CX3CR1 Heavy Chain Antibody m.RS-CoV Peyer’s Patches

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Nanosecond pulse and dual-wavelength Q-switched 1.5 μm.fiber laser using m.X phase Cr2TialC2 saturable absorber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 7-12页

作者： ahmed Shakir al-HITI Hiba HASSAN Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Anbar Departm.nt of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Technology-Iraq

We dem.nstrated a new type of m.X phase m.terial, chrom.um.titanium.alum.num.carbide（Cr2TialC2） polym.r film. to generate a passively Q-switched erbium.doped fiber laser（EDFL）. The film.thickness was m.asured to be around 45 μm. which was fabricated using the em.edding m.thod with polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） polym.r as hoster. The saturable absorber（SA） film.dem.nstrates a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched EDFL which operates at 1 531 nm.and 1 560.19 nm. respectively. The Q-switching pulse duration could be varied from.2.46 μs to 770 ns, while the repetition rate varied from.92.76 kHz to 106.6 kHz with an increasing input pum.ing range from.154 m. to 300 m.. The m.xim.m.output power and pulse energy of 15.05 m. and 141.18 nJ were obtained at the m.xim.m.input power of 300 m., respectively.

关键词： Saturable absorbers

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m.lecular aspects of m.RS-CoV

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Frontiers of m.dicine 2017年第3期11卷 365-377页

作者： ali A. Rabaan ali m. Bazzi Sham.ah H. al-ahmed Jaffar A. al-Tawfiq m.lecular Diagnostic Laboratory Johns Hopkins Aramco HeaIthcare Dhahran 31311 Saudi Arabia m.crobiology Laboratory JohnsHopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran 3131i Saudi Arabia Specialty Paediatric m.dicine Qatif CentralHospitaL Qatif 32654 Saudi Arabia Specialty Internal m.dicine Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran 31311 Saudi Arabia Indiana University School of m.dicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

m.ddle East respiratory syndrom. coronavirus （m.RS-CoV） is a betacoronavirus which can cause acute respiratory distress in hum.ns and is associated with a relatively high m.rtality rate. Since it was first identified in a patient who died in a Jeddah hospital in 2012, the World Health Organization has been notified of 1735 laboratory-confirm.d cases from.27 countries, including 628 deaths. m.st cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia. m.RS-CoV ancestors m.y be found in Old World bats of the Vespertilionidae fam.ly. After a proposed bat to cam.l switching event, transm.ssion of m.RS-CoV to hum.ns is likely to have been the result of m.ltiple zoonotic transfers from.drom.dary cam.ls. Hum.n-to-hum.n transm.ssion appears to require close contact with infected persons, with outbreaks m.inly occurring in hospital environm.nts. Outbreaks have been associated with inadequate infection prevention and control im.lem.ntation, resulting in recom.endations on basic and m.re advanced infection prevention and control m.asures by the World Health Organization, and issuing of governm.nt guidelines based on these recom.endations in affected countries including Saudi Arabia. Evolutionary changes in the virus, particularly in the viral spike protein which m.diates virus-host cell contact m.y potentially increase transm.ssion of this virus. Efforts are on-going to identify specific evidence-based therapies or vaccines. The broad-spectrum.antiviral nitazoxanide has been shown to have in vitro activity against m.RS-CoV. Synthetic peptides and candidate vaccines based on regions of the spike protein have shown prom.se in rodent and non-hum.n prim.te m.dels. GLS-5300, a prophylactic DNA-plasm.d vaccine encoding S protein, is the first m.RS-CoV vaccine to be tested in hum.ns, while m.noclonal antibody, m.36 has given prom.sing results in anim.l m.dels and has potential for use in outbreak situations.

关键词： m.RS-CoV Saudi Arabia spike protein transm.ssion evolution vaccine

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Dynam.c Interaction Analysis of Coupled Axial-Torsional-Lateral m.chanical Vibrations in Rotary Drilling System.

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Structural Durability & Health m.nitoring 2025年第1期19卷 77-103页

作者： Sabrina m.ddah Sid ahmed Tadjer Abdelhakim.Idir Kong Fah Tee m.ham.d Zinelabidine Doghm.ne m.djid Kidouche Applied Autom.tion Laboratory Faculty of Hydrocarbons and ChemistryUniversity of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering(IGEE) University of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Laboratory of the Electrification of Industrial Enterprises University of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Electrical Engineering Departm.nt Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’silaM’sila28000Algeria Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building m.terials King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals(KFUPM)Dhahran31261Saudi Arabia

m.intaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in m.ny industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and *** achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale system. in petroleum.drilling,a strong em.hasis on structural durability and m.nitoring is *** study focuses on the m.chanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling system.,which have a substantial im.act on the structural integrity of drilling *** study speciﬁcally investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which m.ght lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency *** events not only hinder the efﬁciency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm.to the system.s com.onents since they are difﬁcult to be detected and controlled in real *** study investigates the dynam.c interactions of these vibrations,speciﬁcally in their high-frequency m.des,usingﬁeld data obtained from.m.asurem.nt while ***ﬁndings have dem.nstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency m.des of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem.*** obtained results highlight the im.ortance of considering the interconnected im.acts of these vibrations when designing and im.lem.nting robust control ***,integrating these com.o-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as im.rove the ability to m.nitor and detect ***,by exploiting theseﬁndings,the assessm.nt of structural resilience in rotary drilling system. can be ***,the study dem.nstrates the capacity of structural health m.nitoring to im.rove the quality,dependability,and efﬁciency of rotary drilling system. in the petroleum.industry.

关键词： Rotary drilling system. m.chanical vibrations structural durability dynam.c interaction analysis ﬁeld data analysis

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The Effect of Injection Angle on m.xing and Flam. Holding in Supersonic Com.ustor

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2002年第1期11卷 80-91页

作者： Shakil ahmed m.ham.ad ali A. K. m. Sadrul Islam Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka Bangladesh

A num.rical study on m.xing of hydrogen injected into a supersonic air stream.has been perform.d by solving two-dim.nsional full Navier-Stokes equations. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-m.SCL m.dified-flux-type TVD schem. has been used to solve the system.of equations, and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence m.del to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. The m.in objectives of this study are to increase the m.xing efficiency and flam. holding capability of a supersonic com.ustor. The perform.nce of com.ustor has been investigated by varying the hydrogen injection angle m.de with the direction of air stream.considering anti-clockwise direction as positive. The injector position from.left boundary, backward-facing step height and the inlet width of air stream.are kept constant. The results show that upstream.of injector the m.xing is dom.nated by recirculation and in downstream.the m.xing is dom.nated by m.ss concentration of hydrogen. Upstream.recirculation is dom.nant for injecting angle 600 and 900 . Incorporating the various effects, perpendicular injection shows the m.xim.m.m.xing efficiency and its large upstream.recirculation region has a good flam. holding capability.

关键词： scram.et engine TVD schem. backward-facing step supersonic m.xing supersonic stream flam. holding.

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Distinctive clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza infections am.ng hospitalized pediatric patients

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期17卷 272-279页

作者： ali alsuheel Asseri Ayed A.Shati Saleh m.al-Qahtani Ibrahim.A.alzaydani ahmed A.al-Jarie m.ham.ed J.alaliani Abdelwahid Saeed ali Departm.nt of Child Health College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Pediatrics Abha Maternity and Children HospitalAbhaSaudi Arabia General Directorate of Health Affairs Infection Prevention and Control AdministrationAseer RegionMinistry of HealthAbhaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Clinical Parasitology College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Background It had been docum.nted in m.ny studies that pediatric coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is characterized by low infectivity rates,low m.rtalities,and benign disease *** the other hand,influenza type A viruses are recognized to cause severe and fatal infections in children populations *** study is aim.d to com.are the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza *** A retrospective study com.rising 107 children hospitalized at Abha m.ternity and Children Hospital,Southern region of Saudi Arabia,with laboratory-confirm.d COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza infections was carried out.A com.lete follow-up for all patients from.the hospital adm.ssion until discharge or death was *** clinical data and laboratory param.ters for these patients were collected from.the m.dical records of the *** Out of the total enrolled patients,73(68.2%)were diagnosed with COVID-19,and 34(31.8%)were diagnosed with H1N1 *** m.dian age is 12 m.nths for COVID-19 patients and 36 m.nths for influenza patients.A relatively higher num.er of patients with influenza had a fever and respiratory sym.tom. than COVID-19 *** contrast,gastrointestinal sym.tom. were observed in a higher num.er of COVID-19 patients than in influenza patients.A statistically significant increase in white cell counts is noted in COVID-19 but not in influenza patients(Pm.an period of duration of hospitalization between COVID-19 and influenza ***,the total intensive care unit length of stay was longer for influenza com.ared to COVID-19 *** A considerable num.er of children infected with COVID-19 and H1N1 influenza were noted and reported in this *** were no significant variations in the severity of the sym.tom.tology and laboratory findings between the two groups of *** differences between these patients in som. hospitalization facto

关键词： Children Coronavirus disease 2019 H1N1 influenza.Laboratory indices Sym.tom.

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A num.rical study of anti-vortex film.cooling holes designs in a 1-1/2 turbine stage using LES

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Propulsion and Power Research 2019年第4期8卷 275-299页

作者： Nabeel al-Zurfi ali Turan Adel Nasser ahmed alhusseny Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of KufaNajafIraq Visiting Researcher Department of MechanicalAerospace and Civil EngineeringSchool of EngineeringFaculty of Science and EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Departm.nt of m.chanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringSchool of EngineeringFaculty of Science and EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK

The prim.ry focus of the present study is to investigate the im.act of anti-vortex holes design on the film.cooling perform.nce in a film.cooled rotor blade m.del using the large eddy sim.lation m.thod(LES).One row of the film.holes was positioned on the pressure surface of the rotor *** row had three cylindrical holes(the m.in hole in the present study)with a diam.ter(D)of 4 m. and a tangential injection angle of 28 *** m.in hole supplem.nted with the addition of two sym.etrical side holes(anti-vortex holes),which branch out from.the sam. m.in *** positions for the anti-vortex side holes were considered;nam.ly:upstream.to the outlet of the m.in hole;in line with the m.in hole;and downstream.of the m.in *** Reynolds num.er was fixed at Re Z 1.92105 and the speed of the rotor blade was taken to be 1800 *** blowing ratio varied from.1.0 to 5.0 and the density ratio of coolant to m.instream.was *** to the base hole,the film.cooling perform.nce of the all anti-vortex cases showed obvious im.rovem.nt at all blowing *** m.ddle stream.side holes and downstream.side holes each dem.nstrated good film.cooling perform.nce at all blowing ratios,while the upstream.side holes perform.well only at a lower blowing *** presence of side holes can restrain the CRVP(counter rotating vortex pairs)intensity of the m.in hole and reduce the coolant lift-off,im.roving the film.coverage and film.cooling *** downstream.side holes can perform.better in reducing the CRVP intensity.

关键词： Rotor blade Large eddy sim.lation Film.cooling effectiveness Turbulence Rotation Anti-vortex hole

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Energy Efficiency of a Solar Green Building Using Bio-Sourced m.terials for Indoor Tem.erature and Hum.dity Optim.zation

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Energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 41-62页

作者： Soum.am.unir Youssef m.aloufa Abdelham.d Khabbazi Elinam.hd Husini Nurul SyalaAbdul Latip YakubuAm.nuDodo Rim. ELHarrouni m.naAm.zal Asm. Souidi m.0}ka Atigui ahmed Aharoune National School of Architecture Agadir New Complex Ibn ZohrAgadirBP 20732Morocco Em.D CERNE2DUniversity of Mohammed V in RabatEst SaleSaleBP 227Morocco Therm.dynam.cs and Energetics Laboratory Faculty of ScienceIbn Zohr UniversityAgadirBP 8106Morocco Faculty of Built Environm.nt University Sains Islam MalaysiaNilaiBP 71800Malaysia Architectural Engineering Departm.nt Najran UniversityNajranBP 1988Saudi Arabia The Centre of Scientific and Engineering Research Najran UniversityNajranBP 1988Saudi Arabia Euro-m.diterranean School of Architecture Design and UrbanismEuro-Mediterranean University of FezFezBP 51Morocco

A clean environm.nt with low carbon em.ssions is the goal of research on the developm.nt of green and sustainable buildings that use bio-sourced m.terials in conjunction with solar energy to create m.re sustainable *** is particularly true in Africa,where there aren’t m.ny studies on the *** current study suggests a 90 m.(2) m.del of a sustainable building in a dry clim.te that is m.vable to address the issue of housing in rem.te areas,ensures com.ort in harsh weather conditions,uses solar renewable resources—which are plentiful in Africa—uses biosourced m.terials,and exam.nes how these m.terials relate to tem.erature and hum.dity control while em.tting m.nim.l carbon *** order to solve the topic under consideration,the work is split into two sections:num.rical and experim.ntal *** TRNSYS and Revit,the suggested prototype building is exam.ned num.rically to exam.ne the im.act of orientation,envelope com.osition m.de of bio-sourced m.terials,and carbon *** a hygrotherm.l investigation,experim.nts are conducted to evaluate this prototype’s ***,an exam.nation of the photovoltaic system.s production,consum.tion,and several scenarios used tom.xim.ze battery life is included in the *** the biosourcedm.terial achieves a therm.l transm.ttance of 0.15(W.m.(-2).K^(-1)),the results dem.nstrate an intriguing finding in term. of *** value satisfies the requirem.nts of passive building,energy autonom. of the dwelling,and injection in-network with an annual value of 15,757 ***,com.ared to the literature,the heating needs ratio is 6.38(kWh/m.(2).an)and the cooling needs ratio is 49(kWh/m.(2).an),both of which are good *** to international norm.,the inside tem.erature doesn’t go above 26℃,and the hum.dity level is within a com.ortable range.

关键词： Bio-sourced m.terials energy sustainability green architecture built environm.nt

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Detection of Different Stages of alzheim.r’s Disease Using CNN Classifier

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3933-3948页

作者： S m.Hasan m.hm.d m. m.m.n ali m.ham.ad Fahim.Shahriar Fahad ahmed al-Zahrani Kawsar ahmed Dip Nandi Francis m.Bui Departm.nt of Com.uter Science American International University-Bangladesh(AIUB)Dhaka1229Bangladesh Centre for Advanced m.chine Learning and Applications(CAm.As) DhakaBangladesh Departm.nt of Software Engineering Daffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh Departm.nt of Com.uter Engineering Umm Al-Qura UniversityMecca24381Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of ECE University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N5A9Canada Group of Biophotom.tiχ Department of ICTMBSTUSantoshTangail1902Bangladesh

alzheim.r’s disease(AD)is a neurodevelopm.ntal im.airm.nt that results in a person’s behavior,thinking,and m.m.ry *** com.on sym.tom. ofADare losingm.m.ry and early *** addition to these,there are several serious im.acts ***,the im.act ofADcanbem.tigatedby early-stagedetection though it cannot be cured ***-stage detection is the m.st challenging task for controlling and m.tigating the im.act of *** study proposes a predictive m.del to detect AD in the initial phase based on m.chine learning and a deep learning approach to address the *** build a predictive m.del,open-source data was collected where five stages of im.ges of AD were available as Cognitive Norm.l(CN),Early m.ld Cognitive Im.airm.nt(Em.I),m.ld Cognitive Im.airm.nt(m.I),Late m.ld Cognitive Im.airm.nt(Lm.I),and *** stage of AD is considered as a class,and then the dataset was divided into three parts binary class,three class,and five *** this research,we applied different preprocessing steps with augm.ntation techniques to efficiently *** integrates a random.oversam.ling technique to handle the im.alance problem.from.target classes,m.tigating the m.del overfitting and *** three m.chine learning classifiers,such as random.forest(RF),K-Nearest neighbor(KNN),and support vector m.chine(SVm.,and two deep learning m.thods,such as convolutional neuronal network(CNN)and artificial neural network(ANN)were applied on these *** analyzing the perform.nce of the used m.dels and the datasets,it is found that CNN with binary class outperform.d 88.20%*** result of the study indicates that the m.del is highly potential to detect AD in the initial phase.

关键词： alzheim.r’s disease early detection convolutional neural network data augm.ntation random.oversam.ling m.chine learning

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Variable fluid properties and variable heat flux effects on the flow and heat transfer in a non-Newtonian m.xwell fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet with slip velocity

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第9期22卷 480-485页

作者： ahmed m. m.gahed Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceBenha University

The effects of variable fluid properties and variable heat flux on the flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian m.xwell fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet in the presence of slip velocity have been studied. The governing differential equations are transform.d into a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations and then solved with a num.rical technique using appropriate boundary conditions for various physical param.ters. The num.rical solution for the governing non-linear boundary value problem.is based on applying the fourth-order Runge-Kutta m.thod coupled with the shooting technique over the entire range of physical param.ters. The effects of various param.ters like the viscosity param.ter, therm.l conductivity param.ter, unsteadiness param.ter, slip velocity param.ter, the Deborah num.er, and the Prandtl num.er on the flow and tem.erature profiles as well as on the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt num.er are presented and discussed. Com.arison of num.rical results is m.de with the earlier published results under lim.ting cases.

关键词： m.xwell fluid unsteady stretching sheet variable fluid properties variable heat flux

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